Abstract: A seismic observation device includes a data acquisition unit that acquires measurement data from each of a plurality of sensors that measure different types of state quantities related to movement of a ground, and an event determination unit that determines whether or not a predetermined event related to the movement of the ground has occurred on the basis of the measurement data from the plurality of sensors.

Abstract: A seismic observation device includes a data acquisition unit that acquires measurement data from each of a plurality of sensors that measure different types of state quantities related to movement of a ground, and an event determination unit that determines whether or not a predetermined event related to the movement of the ground has occurred on the basis of the measurement data from the plurality of sensors.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an image sensor with deep trench spacing isolation is provided. A trench is formed in a semiconductor substrate, around and between a plurality of pixel regions of the semiconductor substrate. A cap is formed using epitaxy to seal a gap between sidewalls of the trench. Pixel sensors corresponding to the plurality of pixel regions are formed over or within the corresponding pixel regions. An image sensor resulting from the method is also provided.

Abstract: A post-tensioned concrete cap foundation has helical anchors with pipes having several helical discs welded around the pipe perimeter to spin drill deep into subsurface soils or other soft materials with holes in the pipe for high pressure-grouting in place. The helical anchor pipes include a tensioning element for pulling and post-tensioning the helical anchor. The helical anchors are tension anchors which can be converted to compression anchors. The helical anchors in tension serve to pull the foundation cap down to compress the underlying soil while the compression anchors limit the maximum settlement of the concrete foundation cap. The foundation also includes perimeter-forming and interior corrugated metal pipes with upper and lower sleeved horizontally extending radial bolts that are secured to the pipes and post-tensioned to provide lateral foundation compression.

Abstract: Anchor (18) for tensioning at least one component for a civil engineering construction (14), which anchor (18) is arranged to at least partly be located in the ground/underlying surface (12). The anchor (18) comprises at least one surface (20, 22, 24) that is intended to at least partly be covered with material (25), so that only the weight of said material (25) which acts on said at least one surface (20, 22, 24) gives said anchor (18) the capacity for tensioning said at least one component for a civil engineering construction (14).

Abstract: A form for constructing a thrower's circle includes a pair of half sections. Each half section has an upper surface and a base surface and two full length members and two half length members. The full length members and the half length members are connected together substantially at right angles to form a rectangle with four corners. A corner brace is located in each of the four corners. An inside cross member and an outside cross member extend between the half length members and are generally parallel to the full length members. A pair of semi-circles, each having substantially the same diameter that is larger than the length of the half length members and less than the length of the full length members. Means are provided for securing the half sections together so that the semi-circles form a full circle. Tubes extend from the circle toward the base to drain water from with in the circle.

Abstract: A method for forming a cementitious retaining wall is described. The method includes the step of defining on an earth surface an outline of the wall to be formed. The outline delimits an area of earth to be excavated. The method also includes the step of compacting the area. After compaction, the earth underneath and adjacent to the area is densified, which provides stability to the earth during excavation and after the wall is formed. The method also includes the step of excavating the earth from the area compacted to an initial depth, thereby creating a wall cavity. The method further includes the step of compacting the bottom surface of the wall cavity and subsequently excavating the earth from the compacted bottom surface. This step can be repeated as much as required, under a final depth of the wall cavity is reached. Once the final depth is reached, the wall cavity can be filled at least partially a cementitious material so as to form the retaining wall.

Abstract: A polymer manhole base comprising a base portion having an upper surface. An annular sidewall may extend upward from the base portion and may circumscribing the upper surface. The annular sidewall may have a diameter. A thickness of the annular sidewall may less than 1/12th of the diameter.

Abstract: System and means soil stabilization and moisture control for building foundations including methods and systems for stabilization moisture in a site for building foundation by applying soil moisture stabilization material in various forms, a preferred stabilization material being a mixture of pozzolan and granular material such as sand.

Abstract: A post sleeve installation assembly includes: an elastomeric sleeve core shaped to form a post sleeve when positioned in uncured concrete, a removable stiffener inside the core, an aperture extending lengthwise in the stiffener, a locking element positioned within the core, and an assembly plate coupled to the stiffener. The assembly plate clamps to a prefabricated sleeve element, with the core and stiffener positioned within a post cavity of the sleeve element. an installation stake is positioned in the aperture and prevented from sliding upwards by the locking element. A release point on the assembly plate permits an operator to release the locking element for removal of the stake. To install a post sleeve, the operator positions the installation assembly, clamped to a prefabricated sleeve element, in a post hole with the stake resting on the bottom, then fills the hole with concrete, manipulating the stake to position the assembly.

Abstract: The present invention provides a technique in undercut excavation that allows a continuous steel reinforced concrete floor to be set up or installed over a large width and length and installing continuous steel reinforced concrete floors in any subsequent lifts. Using the present invention, the continuous concrete floor can be extended at a later date if the stopping area is extended at some future date.

Abstract: A method for forming a cementitious retaining wall is described. The method includes the step of defining on an earth surface an outline of the wall to be formed. The outline delimits an area of earth to be excavated. The method also includes the step of compacting the area. After compaction, the earth underneath and adjacent to the area is densified, which provides stability to the earth during excavation and after the wall is formed. The method also includes the step of excavating the earth from the area compacted to an initial depth, thereby creating a wall cavity. The method further includes the step of compacting the bottom surface of the wall cavity and subsequently excavating the earth from the compacted bottom surface. This step can be repeated as much as required, under a final depth of the wall cavity is reached. Once the final depth is reached, the wall cavity can be filled at least partially a cementitious material so as to form the retaining wall.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for erecting an underground structure, wherein the method is intended to ensure that the underground structure is assembled as safely as possible.

Abstract: A decorative concrete product and method of making the same is provided. The concrete surface carries a unique textural and visual decorative pattern that is troweled over the uncured surface. The decorative pattern strategically conceals any imperfections in the concrete surface. A decorative finishing tool is utilized to create a unique and consistent pattern throughout the exposed surface of the concrete. Unique visual patterns may include any aesthetic design including wood grain, or lightly finished honed or cut stone. The decorative finishing tool may be configured so that varying textures and contours may consistently be imprinted throughout the concrete. Advantageously, the cured concrete retains the durability of a concrete surface while carrying a visually and texturally appealing appearance.

Abstract: An assembly for a levelable rail gauge leveling tie and associated methods of preparing a railway bed for the laying of a railway track and laying railroad track employing the assembly. The assembly includes a longitudinally elongated U-shaped rail gauge leveling tie, and first and second leveling studs. The leveling tie has first and second transversely extending orifices proximate the longitudinal ends. The leveling studs are operable for threaded engagement within a corresponding orifice through the leveling tie whereby rotation of a leveling stud within the corresponding orifice effects a change in the transverse distance between the distal end of the rotated leveling stud and the central portion of the leveling tie.

Abstract: A memorial foundation system includes a pair of vertical supports having screw threads on their bottom ends and first attachment structure at their upper ends. Support plates corresponding to the vertical supports have respective second attachment structures configured to mate with the first attachment structures. A block has a first end supported by one of the pair of support plates and one of the pair of vertical supports and a second opposite end supported by the other of the pair of support plates and the other of the pair of vertical supports. The block includes a plurality of pockets in a row, each of the pockets open to an upper side. Each of a plurality of markers is configured to be received by a corresponding one of the plurality of pockets in the block to arrange the plurality of markers in an aligned row with even height.

Abstract: We disclose a portable protection shelter that may be easily transported and set up as needed. The shelter provides protection from deadly weather, including storms, hail, hurricanes, and tornados. Additionally, it may be used as a survival pod or as protection from assailants or aggressive animals. The shelter can be transported as required, including through doors, and assembled and disassembled on demand using common handheld tools.

Abstract: This invention relates to a flora barrier member for a grave marker, the combination of a flora barrier member and a grave marker, and a method of erecting a grave marker. Many cemeteries have banned the use of temporary grave markers as they are prone to damage and increase the amount of time required to maintain the cemetery. This is due to the fact that extra time must be taken to remove the grass and weeds in the vicinity of the base of the grave marker. The present invention provides a flora barrier member that prevents grass or weed growth in this area. The flora barrier member is simple to construct and install and will allow the use of temporary grave markers in most cemeteries.

Abstract: A method of installing a support structure is provided for use in soft or unstable soil. The method forms a hole in the earth to a depth sufficient to support the structure, such as a utility pole or post. A pole support is placed in the hole and driven downward into the earth to form a supporting base at the bottom of the hole. The pole support in one embodiment has a helical screw at a bottom end and a flat supporting plate at the top end. The pole support is rotated by a drive member into the earth to position the support plate at the bottom of the hole. The support plate can have a hole in the top face to receive the drive member for rotating the support member to drive the screw into the earth. The drive member is then separated and lifted from the hole. The pole or post is positioned on the support plate and the hole is back-filled.

Abstract: An enclosing structure (1) comprising a backfill (2) and a roof (3), wherein the roof rests on the backfill and is attached to it.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process of creating a decorative aggregate concrete surface. The preparation includes washed decorative aggregate surfaces using a variety of decorative aggregate materials imbedded within a standard concrete mix having a one inch maximum aggregate. A 6-mil polypropylene sheet Visqueen material covered with a two-inch layer of sand is used directly below the concrete to retard the curing time. Roller tamping is used to move the large aggregate below the surface of the concrete material. Power brushes are then used to expose the decorative aggregate prior to the final process of applying a densifing sealer. This process has been designed to reduce installation time, as well as overall labor and material costs.

Abstract: A method for installing a thrower's circle in the ground of an athletic field includes assembling a form for constructing a thrower's circle dimensioned for a player throwing at least one of a hammer, a shot put, and a discus from a plurality of sections having mounted thereto a plurality of arcuate portions. When the plurality of sections are assembled together, the plurality of arcuate sections together form a full circle, and wherein a portion of the plurality of sections is disposed outside the full circle and a portion of the plurality of sections is disposed inside the full circle. The method further includes excavating the ground, placing the assembled form in the excavated ground, placing cement in the assembled form, and allowing the cement to dry.

Abstract: A method of constructing an inhabitable underground structure is disclosed that comprises the steps: creating a cutout in the earth at a desired location to generally match a desired shape of an interior of the underground structure; applying a reinforcement structure to an outer perimeter of the cutout; and applying shotcrete over the reinforcement structure to create a monolithic underground structure.

Abstract: A headstone support system includes a pole having a first auger attached to the pole proximate a first end thereof, the first auger configured to drill through soil upon rotation of the pole, and a headstone support attached to a second end of the pole.

Abstract: The present disclosure concerns embodiments of a wall structure that can be formed from one or more permanent wall forms (or formworks). The wall forms can be prefabricated at a factory or shop in a controlled environment and then shipped to the job site. Construction of the wall structure at the job site generally entails positioning the wall forms at the desired location for the wall structure and then filling the wall forms with concrete. When the concrete cures, the wall forms are not removed and become a permanent part of the wall structure.

Abstract: The invention relates to a building including a facing, a backfill at the back of the facing, synthetic reinforcement strips distributed in the backfill, and a connection system between the reinforcement strips and the backfill. The connection system includes fasteners having the shape of a continuous closed loop, each including two first portions for hooking to the facing and, alternating with the first portions along the closed loop shape, two second portions extending towards the back of the facing where they are folded back to form two loops inside of which at least one reinforcement strip extends.

Abstract: An operating method of a factory for the molding manufacture of precast concrete voussoirs intended for the construction of wind generator support towers by placing the factory in a place of origin in a disassembled state in initial units that are smaller than the voussoirs to be manufactured, taking the initial units to a building site close to the point of delivery of the voussoirs to be manufactured, assembling the factory at the building site starting from the initial units, manufacturing the pertinent voussoirs by means of the factory in the assembled state, disassembling the factory at the building site until the factory is in a disassembled state in final units that are smaller than the manufactured voussoirs, and taking the final units to a place of destination leaving the building site in basically the same conditions as before assembling the factory at the building site.

Abstract: A decorative concrete product and method of making the same is provided. The concrete surface carries a unique textural and visual decorative pattern that is troweled over the uncured surface. The decorative pattern strategically conceals any imperfections in the concrete surface. A decorative finishing tool is utilized to create a unique and consistent pattern throughout the exposed surface of the concrete. Unique visual patterns may include any aesthetic design including wood grain, or lightly finished honed or cut stone. The decorative finishing tool may be configured so that varying textures and contours may consistently be imprinted throughout the concrete. Advantageously, the cured concrete retains the durability of a concrete surface while carrying a visually and texturally appealing appearance.

Abstract: A method of constructing a building or building appurtenance, optionally without structural use of concrete except for floor slabs. The method contemplates excavating a hole to establish a natural base on which the structure is to be constructed, establishing layout locations where upright walls or other supports of the structure are to be erected, establishing a fabricated footer, optionally a fiber-reinforced polymeric footer, along the laid-out locations of the supports, placing pre-fabricated load-bearing fiber-reinforced polymeric building panels or other supports on the fabricated footer, and connecting the pre-fabricated wall panels or other supports to each other according to the structure plan thereby developing load-bearing walls or other supports, and erecting overlying structure on the load-bearing walls or other supports.

Abstract: A method for installing a thrower's circle in the ground of an athletic field includes assembling a form for constructing a thrower's circle dimensioned for a player throwing at least one of a hammer, a shot put, and a discus from a plurality of sections having mounted thereto a plurality of arcuate portions. When the plurality of sections are assembled together, the plurality of arcuate sections together form a full circle, and wherein a portion of the plurality of sections is disposed outside the full circle and a portion of the plurality of sections is disposed inside the full circle. The method further includes excavating the ground, placing the assembled form in the excavated ground, placing cement in the assembled form, and allowing the cement to dry.

Abstract: A method of forming a deck may comprise forming components for the deck at a first location, including forming components of a perimeter support frame for the deck to extend along a perimeter of the deck. The components of the perimeter support frame may include a plurality of perimeter frame assemblies, and forming components of an interstitial support frame for the deck to position in the perimeter support frame. The components may be transported to a location where the deck is to be used. The method may include assembling the components of the deck to form the deck at the location. The assembling step may include assembling the perimeter support frame from the perimeter frame assemblies, assembling the interstitial support frame in the perimeter support frame, and assembling decking elements on the support frames to form a floor of the deck. A kit for the deck is also disclosed.

Abstract: A construct for making a drainage device for a basement waterproofing system is made from a sheet of waterproof material with two generally parallel sides. A series of longitudinal slots is provided parallel to one of the sides, and a series of tabs that fit in the slots is provided along the other side. The bottom surface is scored to provide a series of fold lines to facilitate folding the construct into a rectangular tubular shape, with the tabs fitting into the slots to hold the shape. Perforations are provided in the device to allow water to flow easily through three of the sides of the device when folded to its rectangular tubular shape. A portion of the device may be folded upward to cover the lower portion of a building wall, or a separate piece may be used to bridge the gap between the device and the wall.

Abstract: A method of draining water entering a building having a foundation wall with no footing by removing a portion of the slab floor adjacent to the foundation wall and digging a trench and a divot trench, placing a cove base against felt and against the foundation wall with the cove base extending from above the slab floor and down into the trench divot. The trench divot is lined with felt, and a drain conduit is placed into the trench having apertures aligned with apertures formed in the cove base to direct water coming from the foundation wall behind the cove base, through the aligned apertures to be directed into the conduit to a remote location, such conduit being covered by fill and a vapor barrier and with concrete poured thereover and leveled to the height of the slab floor.

Abstract: A site-assembled enclosure of the present invention includes a plurality of upstanding staves arranged side-by-side and held together by top and bottom rails. The enclosure is preferably a pool including a coping extending entirely around and in releasably secured relation to the rails that fasten the upper ends of the staves together and a flexible liner and cover releasably secured to the coping. The wooden staves include opposing vertical edges interconnecting the two staves. The leveling gauge for leveling a construction area preferably includes a threaded rod, a pivot bracket rotatably mounted on the threaded rod, a board extending from the pivot bracket, and a level mounted on the board. A method of assembling an enclosure is also described.

Abstract: A sump system for use in basement waterproofing systems. A sump liner may be generally rectangular in geometry, and may include two side elements with apertures to exchange groundwater while blocking debris. An adjustable inlet may be provided in another side element to fluidly connect other elements of a basement waterproofing system to the sump liner. The sump liner may further include a base configured to provide a built-in stand for a sump pump. The pump stand may contain a lip with notches to allow debris to fall and collect in a trough around a periphery of the base. The base may further provide an underside cavity for accommodating an obstruction in the floor of a sump hole. A removable lid may facilitate access to the sump liner interior, and may contain a break-away feature to accommodate discharge piping, as well as a groove to lodge a pump power cord. The sump liner may be strategically oriented within the sump hole to protect the basement foundation from erosion.

Abstract: A modular window well arrangement includes one or more window well members. The window well members can be interconnected in a vertically stacked arrangement to provide the required overall height. Snap-connectors interconnect the vertically adjacent window well members, and a plurality of steps provide for escape. The window well members may have different sizes, and extension walls may be utilized to increase the size of the window well members to provide for a wide variety of configurations. The window well members may be made of a relatively lightweight structural foam material.

Abstract: A modular sub-flooring system for supporting an overlayment above a ground surface includes a plurality of sub-floor tiles situated about a ground surface, with each sub-floor tile having a substantially-flat top surface that is adapted to receive and support an overlayment, and a connection interface with opposing engagement surfaces. The sub-flooring system also includes a plurality of removable bridge connectors, with each of the bridge connectors having a plurality of tile interfaces, and with each tile interface having complimentary engagement surfaces configured to engage with the opposing engagement surfaces of the connection interfaces. The tile interfaces of the bridge connectors couple to the respective connection interfaces of any adjacent sub-floor tiles to restrain the relative vertical movement between the adjacent sub-floor tiles while facilitating controlled relative lateral movement between the sub-floor tiles.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for foundation systems generally include a vertical support, a horizontal support configured to couple to the vertical support, and a composite material configured to couple to the horizontal support. The vertical support may be configured to resist fluctuation in soil elevation. The composite material may comprise a block material and a fibrous material.

Abstract: A foundation system is disclosed that is used when building a structure on expansive soils. The foundation system includes a vertical wall that prevents moisture from migrating beyond the vertical wall into the zone of influence under the foundation. The prevention of the moisture migration into the zone of influence precludes damage to the foundation and structure caused by expansive soils.

Abstract: The present invention relates to prefabricated rooms and the construction thereof. More particularly, the present invention, relates to prefabricated sealed rooms that serve as a room for daily use and protects from weapons of mass destructions such as nuclear fallout, biological or chemical weapons, and natural disasters.

Abstract: A method of installing an interlocking floor system includes surface preparation, assembly of the polymeric panels making up the interlocking floor system and affixing a turf material over the polymeric panels.

Abstract: A method and designs of underground buildings for any purpose that do not introduce any element above ground level, thus allow agricultural use of the land by any agricultural machine or technology or using the land for recreational park.

Abstract: A dismantable, self sufficient, foundationless, partially subterranean, spherically shaped dwelling unit adapted for human dwelling, comprising inter alia of a dismantable spherical space mesh structural support, comprised of a plurality of nucleus joint and rod systems, a plurality of dismantable floor members comprised of a plurality of nucleus joint and rod systems, a plurality of dismantable wall members comprised of a plurality of nucleus joint and rod systems, a central elevator shaft, an elevator means, a plurality of power generating, means for generating electric power, a water accumulation and purification system, and a plurality of interchangeable service units that allow for a dwelling unit that can be adapted for a variety of different living styles and appearances. As such, the dwelling unit contemplated by the present invention provides a level of variation and owner input that is not currently available in the traditional construction industry.

Abstract: A tension member for use in an anchor method, in which both ends of the tension member are held by anchors, is released by cutting all or some of the wires in the tension member and then hitting at least one of the cut wires to release the tension member. The anchor includes an anchor head having a wedge-receiving space, a wedge unit seated in the wedge-receiving space, and three wedges assembled together to form a hole at the center of the wedge unit, through which the tension member is inserted. A support plate is inserted into a groove formed at an upper portion of the first hole and an O-shaped ring is provided around the wedges so that the wedges are expanded around the support plate. A spring is positioned on the wedge unit for constantly biasing the wedge unit against the wedge-receiving space.

Abstract: A modular window well arrangement includes one or more window well members. The window well members can be interconnected in a vertically stacked arrangement to provide the required overall height. Snap-connectors interconnect the vertically adjacent window well members, and a plurality of steps provide for escape. The window well members may have different sizes, and extension walls may be utilized to increase the size of the window well members to provide for a wide variety of configurations. The window well members may be made of a relatively lightweight structural foam material.

Abstract: A decorative concrete product and method of making the same is provided. The concrete surface carries a unique textural and visual decorative pattern that is troweled over the uncured surface. The decorative pattern strategically conceals any imperfections in the concrete surface. A decorative finishing tool is utilized to create a unique and consistent pattern throughout the exposed surface of the concrete. Unique visual patterns may include any aesthetic design including wood grain, or lightly finished honed or cut stone. The decorative finishing tool may be configured so that varying textures and contours may consistently be imprinted throughout the concrete. Advantageously, the cured concrete retains the durability of a concrete surface while carrying a visually and texturally appealing appearance.

Abstract: An improved cemetery experience whereby the cemetery and accompanying facilities may celebrate and demonstrate the passion and hobbies of the deceased individual. The contemplated themed cemetery may be a stand-alone cemetery that celebrates a common passion of a plurality of individuals, yet still maintains the traditional burial and memorialization process. The themed cemetery may take a specific event, or commonly understood and loved location and memorialize that location in the theme of a cemetery where those with that common interest and enjoyment of the commonly understood location may desire to be buried. The cemetery would closely resemble both visually, and physically a replica of the theme being celebrated and may provide space for the deceased while still providing adequate income and revenue in the way of advertising for the operator.

Abstract: A structural reinforcement system that is implemented during the preparation of the area when pouring a concrete slab such as, but not limited to, commercial and residential floors, patios and driveways. The system includes digging foundation holes that are selectively disposed around the area being poured. The system further includes positioning steel bars above the ground in the lower twenty-five percent (25%), rather than upper fifty percent (50%) as known in the prior art, of the concrete being poured. In this manner, the poured concrete encapsulates the lattice in the lower twenty-five percent (25%) of the concrete when it hardens. As a result, the system improves and often removes the possibility of any cracks in the concrete and eliminates the need for saw joints. In addition, due to the stability created with the addition of strategically placed foundation holes, less concrete is required on the job resulting in a significant cost savings.

Abstract: Methods are provided for creating footings for structures proximate a wall face of a segmental retaining wall using a device that includes a sleeve and a reinforcing member having a base. The methods can include placing the device on a layer of backfill material behind the wall face so that the sleeve is located adjacent the wall face and the base of the reinforcing member extends away from the wall face, covering the base of the reinforcing member with at least one other layer of the backfill material, placing a bottom portion of the structure in the sleeve, and filling the sleeve with an anchoring material.

Abstract: A method for constructing a building made from site specific cultured stone blocks is disclosed. The site specific cultured stone blocks are created by placing an open form on prepared ground covered by plastic sheeting and pouring in concrete into the open form. The pressure of the concrete on the plastic sheeting imparts the contours and details of the ground onto the facing of the block, creating a non-uniform facing that corresponds to the features of the ground. In one embodiment the blocks also contain a tongue and groove configuration to aid alignment of the blocks and to give added stability, strength and general air tightness. Many types of buildings and structures can be constructed with these blocks.