Abstract: A closed cell, rigid polyisocyanurate foam which comprises the reaction product of a polyisocyanate and a polyol in the presence of (a) a hydrogen-containing blowing agent or a mixture of a hydrogen-containing blowing agent and at least one co-blowing agent, and (b) a siloxane oxyalkylene copolymer (i) having a molecular weight below about 7500 and an oxyalkylene portion containing greater than 60 weight percent of oxyethylene units and (ii) being prepared by the reaction of an organohydrogensiloxane with a polyoxyalkylene in an essentially solventless system or in the presence of a high boiling point polar polyol.

Abstract: A halogen-free blowing agent is used to produce isocyanate-based polymeric foams. The blowing agent is an organic liquid which is free from halogens and contains a positive binary azeotrope having a minimum boiling temperature in the range of about 15.degree. C. to about 80.degree. C. at normal atmospheric pressure. Particularly preferred is a binary azeotrope of an alicyclic hydrocarbon such as cyclopentane or cyclohexane and methyl formate.The halogen-free blowing agents contemplated herein provide the following advantages: no ozone depletion potential, no global warming potential, direct replacement in foam formulations for trichloromonofluoromethane (CFC-11), relatively higher blowing action, relatively lower foam density, relatively lower thermal conductivity, better compatibility, and relatively lower materials cost.

Abstract: In an active hydrogen-containing B-side composition for reaction with a polyisocyanate-containing A-side composition to make a polyurethane or polyurethaneurea elastomer by reaction injection molding, the improvement which comprises a mold release composition consisting essentially of (1) the reaction product of a mixture of a carboxylic acid, a tertiary amine, and a reactive epoxide and (2) a carboxy functional siloxane.

Abstract: Organic resins with high surface areas and porosities, which are insoluble in organic solvents and contain few or no flexible groups in the resin structure, are disclosed. Also disclosed is a process for making such resins from polyfunctional aryl alkali metal compounds and a second polyfunctional monomer. Such resins are useful as absorbants.

Abstract: 6-chromanol derivatives are used as antioxidants in polyethers. These, particularly in conjunction with other antioxidants, provide excellent protection against oxidation at very low levels of use. They are particularly useful in polyethers for preparing polyurethane slabstock foam.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of a polymeric foam which comprises vaporising a fluorine-containing ether in the presence of a foamable polymer or the precursors of a foamable polymer.

Abstract: The invention relates to low density cellular, rigid polyurethanes which employ the dimethyl esters of adipic, glutaric and succinic acids and mixtures thereof in conjunction with nonylphenol as cell-opening agents. The use of this ester phenol mixture obviates the need of other surfactants, particularly silicone surfactants which reduce the adhesion of the urethanes to fabrics in pour-behind-fabric applications.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of a flexible foam, an integral skin foam or a microcellular elastomer by reacting an organic polyisocyanate and an isocyanate-reactive composition comprising at least one isocyanate-reactive compound of molecular weight of 1000 to 10000 and a functionality of 2 to 4 in the presence of a blowing agent, characterised in that the reaction is conducted in the presence of an inert, insoluble, organic liquid which has a boiling point of at least 60.degree. C. at 1 bar. CFC-free foams and elastomers of good quality are obtainable.

Abstract: The use of a liquid for the preparation of a rigid polyurethane and/or polyisocyanurate foam by reacting a polyisocyanate and a polyol in the presence of a blowing agent characterized in that the liquid is an inert, insoluble, non-blowing liquid. CFC-free foams may be obtained showing good insulating properties.

Abstract: 6-chromanol derivatives are used as antioxidants in polyethers. These, particularly in conjunction with other antioxidants, provide excellent protection against oxidation at very low levels of use. They are particularly useful in polyethers for preparing polyurethane slabstock foam.

Abstract: A blowing agent emulsion comprising a blowing agent mixture, such that the mixture comprises (1) one or more low boiling, hydrochlorocarbons, (2) one or more low boiling chlorine-free perfluorinated compound, and (3) optionally, one or more low boiling, hydrochlorofluorocarbons, one or more low boiling, hydrofluorocarbons, one or more low boiling hydrocarbons, or mixtures thereof; a foamable polymerizable reaction mixture, and a fluorochemical surfactant, optionally, a silicone surfactant, and a catalyst; a foamed plastic; and a process for making thereof.

Abstract: A closed cell, rigid, polymer foam comprising the reaction product of a polyisocyanate and an isocyanatereactive compound in the presence of (a) a foaming agent, (b) at least about 2 percent by weight of carbon black, based on the weight of the polymer in the foam, and (c) a capped polyoxyalkylene compound which helps bring about a uniform dispersion of the carbon black throughout the foam so that the aged k-factor of the foam is below the aged k-factor of the corresponding unfilled foam.

Abstract: Tertiary aliphatic ethers are excellent blowing agents for the production of polyurethane foams, and can be used as replacements for CFCs, HCFCs, methylene chloride, and other known blowing agents without sacrificing good physical properties.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of highly elastic foams of reduced compression hardness and having urethane groups is disclosed, in which the reaction of the polyurethane-forming materials is carried in the presence of 0.01 to 5% by weight, based on the polyol, of a compound, which has at least one polyoxyalkylene group and at least one anionic group in the molecule. The use of fluorocarbons to decrease the compression hardness can reduced appreciably by the use of this compound.

Abstract: HCFC blowing agents such as 141b which are stabilized with alpha-pinene oxide, limonene dioxide, or 1,2-hexadecene oxide.

Abstract: Process for the manufacture of foams with the aid of blowing agents containing fluoroalkanes and fluorinated ethers, and foams obtained by this process. The invention relates to a process for the manufacture of foams based on polyisocyanates by the reaction of polyisocyanates, compounds containing at least two hydrogen atoms reactive towards isocyanate groups, blowing agents and, if appropriate, other additives. The blowing agents used consist to the extent of at least 10 mol % of at least one fluoroalkane of formula (I), C.sub.a H.sub.b F.sub.c, where a=2-6, b=1-12, and c=2-13, and at least one fluorinated ether of formula (II), C.sub.a H.sub.b F.sub.c O-C.sub.d H.sub.e F.sub.f, where a=1-6, b=1-12, c=1-12, d=1-2, e=0-5 and f=0-5. The invention further relates to the foams obtained by this process.

Abstract: Blowing agents and blowing agent mixtures for preparing a cellular thermosetting plastic foam comprise either (1) a non-chlorinated, partially hydrogenated fluorocarbon with the general formula H.sub.x F.sub.y C.sub.z ; (2) a non-chlorinated, partially hydrogenated fluorocarbon ether with the general formula H.sub.x F.sub.y C.sub.z --O--C.sub.m F.sub.n H.sub.p ; (3) a non-chlorinated, non-hydrogenated, fully fluoronated fluorocarbon; (4) an azeotropic mixture having a boiling point below 50 degrees Celsius; or (5) any mixture of the foregoing. The azeotropic mixtures are produced from organic compounds having surface active properties that enable the blended azeotropic mixture to become miscible with polymer resins. Among the preferred compounds for use in azeotropic mixtures are n-pentane, acetone, methyl alcohol, methyl formate, ethyl formate, ethyl alcohol, 2-methyl butane, nitromethane, cyclopentane, 2,3,-dimethyl butane, 2,2,-dimethyl butane, and dimethyl sulfide.

Abstract: A non-toxic chlorine and fluorine free solvent can be used as the major component in a carrying agent for PVC foam products made in a hot mold process.

Abstract: A closed cell, rigid, polymer foam comprising the reaction product of a polyisocyanate and an isocyanate-reactive compound in the presence of (a) a foaming agent, (b) at least about 2 percent by weight of carbon black, based on the weight of the polymer in the foam, and (c) a capped polyoxyalkylene compound which helps bring about a uniform dispersion of the carbon black throughout the foam so that the aged k-factor of the foam is below the aged k-factor of the corresponding unfilled foam.

Abstract: Disclosed is a foamable phenolic resin composition comprising, as indispensable components, 100 parts by weight as solids of a resol type phenolic resin, 3 to 100 parts by weight of an acidic curing agent, 1 to 50 parts by weight of a blowing agent, 0.1 to 50 parts by weight of a saccharide and 0.1 to 10 parts by weight of a foam stabilizer, in which a partial or complete acetylation product of a castor oil/ethylene oxide adduct having a hydroxyl value smaller than 15 mg-KOH/g, which is obtained by acetylating a castor oil/ethylene oxide adduct formed by adding 20 to 70 moles of ethylene oxide to 1 mole of castor oil is used as the foam stabilizer and/or a resol type liquid penolic resin obtained by subjecting a phenol and an aldehyde to addition condensation reaction in the presence of a catalyst having a metal ion-forming capacity, in which the residual amount of the catalyst is smaller than 0.

Abstract: A closed cell, rigid, polymer foam comprising the reaction product of a polyisocyanate and an isocyanate-reactive compound in the presence of (a) a foaming agent, (b) at least about 2 percent by weight of carbon black, based on the weight of the polymer in the foam, and (c) a capped polyoxyalkylene compound which helps bring about a uniform dispersion of the carbon black throughout the foam so that the aged k-factor of the foam is below the aged k-factor of the corresponding unfilled foam.

Abstract: HCFC blowing agents such as 14lb which are stabilized with alpha-pinene oxide, limonene dioxide, or 1,2-hexadecene oxide.

Abstract: A method for preparing hard polyurethane and polyisocyanurate foams wherein an isocyanate and an active hydrogen containing compound are made to react in the presence of a catalyst, a foam stabilizer and a blowing agent which contains chloropropane, the used foam stabilizer being mainly of the non silicon type.

Abstract: The present invention relates to polyisocyanate mixtures of(A) 21 to 95% by weight of toluene diisocyanate and(B) 5 to 79% by weight of a mixture of diphenylmethane diisocyanates and polyphenyl polymethylene polyisocyanates containing (1) 55 to 87% by weight of 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, (2) 8 to 30% by weight of 2,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, (3) 0 to 4% by weight of 2,2'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, and (4) 5 to 35% by weight of polyphenyl polymethylene polyisocyanates.The invention also relates to a process for preparing flexible polyurethane foams in which polyisocyanate mixtures of the invention are used as the polyisocyanate component.

Abstract: A non-toxic chlorine and fluorine free solvent can be used as the major component in a carrying agent for PVC foam products made in a hot mold process.

Abstract: Novel esters containing bonded fluorocarbon and oxypropylenealkylether groups and of the formula ##STR1## where Rf is straight-chain or branched, partially fluorinated or perfluorinated alkyl of 2 to 10 carbon atoms, partially fluorinated or perfluorinated cycloalkyl of 4 to 8 carbon atoms,perfluorophenyl orperfluoroalkylphenyl where the perfluoroalkyl radical is of 1 to 6 carbon atoms,R is straight-chain or branched alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms andn is an integer from 2 to 70,blowing agent-containing emulsions which have a long shelf life and contain at least one partially fluorinated or perfluorinated (cyclo)aliphatic hydrocarbon of 3 to 8 carbon atoms and/or sulfur hexafluoride, at least one unmodified or modified organic polyisocyanate or a relatively high molecular weight reactive hydrogen compound and at least one of the abovementioned carboxylic or carbamic esters, and the use of these emulsions for the preparation of cellular plastics by the polyisocyanate polyaddition method.

Abstract: Polyisocyanate composition comprising an organo clay and a cyclic alkylene carbonate. The composition is useful for wood-binding, preparing polyurethanes and rigid and flexible polyurethane foams.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon oils having a high aromaticity (at least 85%, preferably 95-100%) and a boiling point of about 342.degree. to about 510.degree. C. (about 650.degree. to about 950.degree. F.) are used as partial or total replacements for the foam stabilizers used in the preparation of both rigid, closed cell polyurethane foams and flexible, open cell polyurethane foams. These oils are useful as a replacement for both silicon surfactants and organic (i.e., non-silicon) surfactants. For certain blowing agents (e.g., trichlorofluoromethane and methylene chloride), hydrocarbon oils having a boiling point range of about 399.degree. to 454.degree. C. (about 750.degree. to about 850.degree. F.) are preferred. Highly aromatic oils having a boiling point of about 281.degree. to about 510.degree. C. are useful for reducing the vapor pressure of toluene diisocyanate and for preventing the low temperature crystallization of toluene diisocyanate or diphenylmethane diisocyanate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of polyurethane rigid foams having a low thermal conductivity, comprising reacting:a) organic and/or modified organic polyisocyanates with,b) at least one higher molecular weight compound having at least two reactive hydrogen atoms, and optionallyc) lower molecular weight chain extending agents and/or crosslinking agents in the presence of,d) cyclopentane (d1) or mixtures (d2) comprising, d2i) cyclopentane, and/or cyclohexane, d2ii) at least one compound homogeneously miscible with cyclopentane and/or cyclohexane, said compound preferably has a boiling point below 35.degree. C. and is selected from the group consisting of alkanes, cycloalkanes having a maximum of 4 carbon atoms, dialkylethers, cycloalkylene ethers and fluoroalkanes, optionally combined with water as said blowing agent (d),e) catalysts, and optionallyf) auxiliaries and/or additives.

Abstract: The use of 1,1-difluoroethane (HFC-152a) and dimethyl ether, optionally with up to 50 mole % of water, as the blowing agent is disclosed as an efficient route to a rigid, closed-cell polyurethane or polyisocyanurate foam of improved cell structure and excellent insulation properties.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of rigid polyurethane and/or polyisocyanurate foams is disclosed. The foams are produced by the reaction of at least difunctional polyisocyanates, a polyol with 3 to 8 hydroxyl groups, said polyol having a hydroxyl number of about 150 to 800, catalysts, blowing agents and foam stabilizers, which are devoid of silicon atoms, as well as, optionally, conventional additives such as flame retardants and chain extenders. The foam stabilizers are copolymers of vinyl monomers and allyl- or methallyl polyoxalkylene ethers. The mole ratio of the monomers is 1:1 to 10:1.The foams thus produced exhibit an improved burning behavior, good surface properties and outstanding thermal insulation effects. The stabilizers increase the solubility of the halocarbon blowing agents in the foaming formulation.

Abstract: The use of tertiary ethers as blowing agent allows the preparation of lower density foams from many types of polymeric materials.

Abstract: Polyurethane foams, varying in nature from soft to hard, tough skin and a process for their preparation comprising reacting approximately equal volumes of substantially liquid mixtures from a two part dispensing system, Part A comprising a substantially liquid, stable mixture of an isocyanate and an epoxide and Part B comprising a substantially liquid mixture of a polyether polyol, a catalyst and an accelerator.

Abstract: Organic resins with high surface areas and porosities, which are insoluble in organic solvents and contain few or no flexible groups in the resin structure, are disclosed. Also disclosed is a process for making such resins from polyfunctional aryl alkali metal compounds and a second polyfunctional monomer. Such resins are useful as absorbants.

Abstract: A flexible highly elastical polyurethane foam having a density ranging between 25 and 150 kg/m.sup.3 and a relatively high fire resistance obtained by the reaction of an isocyanate and/or a chemically modified derivate thereof with a highly molecular reactive polyol in presence of a catalytic agent, of a cross-linker, and/or an extender, of water as blast means and of a fire retardant, characterized in that said fire retardant comprises at least one of the following components: (1) linear urea-formol oligomer mixture having the general formula NH.sub.2 --CO--NH--[CH.sub.2 --NH--CO--NH].sub.n --CH.sub.2 --NH--CO--NH.sub.

Abstract: Foam compositions with improved physical characteristics are from urethane prepolymers in the presence of various modifying agents. Blowing agents employed in the presence of surfactants make it possible to obtain either open or closed cell structures, and the degree of foam stiffness may be desirably controlled with polyols, as well as with polymeric polymethylene polyphenylisocyanates. Suitable modifying agents include asphalts, portland cement, epichlorohydrin, other epoxidized compounds, additional polymers, and various other materials.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an isocyanate-functional composition useful for forming a coating, adhesive, elastomer, or like article. Cure of the composition preferably involves trimerization of the isocyanate groups in the presence of an amino catalyst including a tertiary amine, an amine salt, and quaternary ammonium salts. The novel catalyst system used in achieving cure of the isocyanate-functional compound-containing liquid curable composition comprises an amino catalyst and an ortho-carboxylic acid ester.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of rigid polyurethane and/or polyisocyanurate foams is disclosed. The foams are prepared from a mixture comprising at least difunctional polyisocyanates, compounds with at least two hydrogen atoms that are capable of reacting with isocyanates, the equivalent weight of which per reactive hydrogen atom is about 50 to 900, catalysts, blowing agents and foam stabilizers, devoid of silicon atoms, as well as, optionally, conventional additives such as flame retardants and chain extenders. The foam stabilizer is a polyoxyalkylene ether of an alkylphenol-aldehyde condensation product, the alkyl group(s) of the alkylphenol having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, the aldehyde having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, the condensation product comprising on the average 4 to 18 alkylphenol groups, the oxyalkylene units having 2 to 4 carbon atoms and the content of oxyalkylene groups being 15 to 85% by weight, based on the total weight.

Abstract: Improved, flexible, open celled polyurethane foams are described. The foams are formed in situ from the reaction of a polyisocyanate, a conventional polyester polyol, a polyether polyol, a high hydroxyl polyester polyol and a blowing agent in the presence of a catalyst. A polyether foam stabilizer is normally also included. A small amount of a destabilizing silicone ingredient can also be included. Useful high hydroxyl number polyester polyols have hydroxyl numbers in the range 300-600, and preferably 400-450. The average equivalent weight of the useful high hydroxyl number polyester polyol is normally in the range 100-200. The compositions of the invention are useful as filter media and are especially suitable for outdoor seating applications.

Abstract: There are provided low temperature, storage stable, liquid mixtures of (1) isocyanato-containing prepolymers obtained from the reaction of linear and/or slightly branched polyols and a polyisocyanate characterized by a methylene group --CH.sub.2 -- bonded to two benzenoid nuclei, and (2) a non-hydroxyl-containing flow modifier which is compatible with the said prepolymer. Novel liquid mixtures thus prepared exhibit little tendency to crystallize or phase separate when stored for prolonged periods of time, i.e., well below room temperature for several days.

Abstract: An organic bulk polymer is disclosed having microscopically dispersed therein a liquid crystalline polymer in an amount sufficient to measurably improve the properties of the organic polymer relative to a like bulk polymer in the absence of the liquid crystalline polymer.

Abstract: An open celled, dimensionally stable, flexible urethane foam and method of preparing such foam, which method comprises adding a cell opening dimensionally stabilizing amount of an additive to a foamable urethane composition, and thereafter foaming the composition containing such additive to provide a dimensionally stable, flexible urethane foam product. The additive mixture employed comprises an ester reaction product of a long chain acid with polyethylene or polypropylene glycols and/or contains free acid to provide for a desired acid value. The dimensionally stable, flexible foam product produced is particularly useful in the automotive industry as a flexible molded-type foam for use as cushions and seats.

Abstract: A flexible polyurethane foam formulation which is non-reactive at or near ambient temperatures is provided. The formulation comprises a polyisocyanate, a polyfunctional active hydrogen containing compound, an amine catalyst, a blowing agent and a polyether acid. The formulation which becomes reactive above 40.degree. C. has the advantage, over similar systems based on formic acid, that the polyurethane foam is not tight and does not suffer from skin peeling.

Abstract: Polyurethanes which have been prepared or combined with another material are made by combining or applying a polyurethane-forming reaction mixture or polyurethane to another material such as a PVC foil or textile. The polyurethane-forming mixture or polyurethane is made up of an organic polyisocyanate, a high molecular weight isocyanate reactive material, a catalyst and a stabilizer against thermolysis and contact discoloration. The required stabilizer is an epoxide having an epoxide equivalent weight between 57 and 10,000. Other additives commonly used in polyurethane chemistry such as blowing agents, chain extenders and surfactants may also be employed. The polyurethane composites thus produced are characterized by improved thermal stability and reduced discoloration.

Abstract: Foamed organic silicate produced by chemically reacting an alkali oxidated silicon compound with a substituted organic compound in the presence of a peroxide compound. This self-standing cellular organic silicate product may be utilized for thermal and sound insulation, as a cavity filler and as a coating agent.

Abstract: A flexible polyurethane foam formulation which is non-reactive at or near ambient temperature is provided. The formulation comprises a polyisocyanate, a polyfunctional active hydrogen containing compound, an amine catalyst, a blowing agent and a polyether acid. The formulation which becomes reactive above 40.degree. C. has the advantage, over similar systems based on formic acid, that the polyurethane foam is not tight and does not suffer from skin peeling.

Abstract: An open celled, dimensionally stable, flexible urethane foam and method of preparing such foam, which method comprises adding a cell opening dimensionally stabilizing amount of an additive to a foamable urethane composition, and thereafter foaming the composition containing such additive to provide a dimensionally stable, flexible urethane foam product. The additive mixture employed comprises an ester reaction product of a long chain acid with polyethylene or polypropylene glycols and/or contains free acid to provide for a desired acid value. The dimensionally stable, flexible foam product produced is particularly useful in the automotive industry as a flexible molded-type foam for use as cushions and seats.

Abstract: Polyisocyanate addition products, particularly polyurethane foams having improved flame resistance are obtained by reacting a combustion modified isocyanate with an isocyanate reactive component containing an isocyanate reactive material, a phosphorus containing combustion modifier and a blowing agent. The combustion modified isocyanate is made up of an organic polyisocyanate and a brominated diphenylether.

Abstract: A liquid composition is provided suitable for use as a flame retardant additive for polyurethane foams. The composition overcomes the problems of high viscosity and precipitates forming in formulations of phosphate esters and polybromodiphenyl oxides and avoids scorch and smoldering while preparing polyurethane foams meeting the California 117 standard. In addition, the composition provides an unexpected advantage of improved efficacy and heat stability. The process for preparing the flame retarded polyurethane foam and the foam itself are also claimed.

Abstract: A solution or colloidal dispersion of a polymer of an ethylenically unsaturated steroid derivative in an active hydrogen-containing compound is claimed. The polymer provides improved physical properties to a polyurethane made by reacting the solution or dispersion with an polyisocyanate.