Abstract: Polyurethanes are prepared from a polyol which itselve contains liquid crystalline moieties or which contains dispersed or dissolved liquid crystalline polymers. The use of this polyol is found to provide improved properties to polyurethanes, especially flexible polyurethane foams, which exhibit improved load bearing.

Abstract: Disclosed is a sculpted, hand-squeezable toy which possesses dimensional memory and has a predetermined dimensional memory restoration time. The toy is made by blending a foamable hydrophilic polyurethane isocyanate-functional prepolymer, a vinyl or acylic polymer emulsion recovery rate modifier, water, and an organic cosolvent. The blend then is charged to a mold for the foamed toy to be made therein. The proportion of organic cosolvent present and the temperature of the blend being molded are variables for determining the predetermined dimensional memory restoration time of the toy after it has been squeezed.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for producing phenolformaldehyde foams, also known as phenolic foams, of improved properties. The inventive feature resides in using a controlled combination of the various components in the curing reaction mixture and in controlling the temperature within the mass of the curing mixture. The process is applicable to production of block or laminated foams. Phenolic foams find increasing use in building applications where their thermal insulation and fire resistant properties are of value.

Abstract: Foamed organic silicate produced by chemically reacting an alkali oxidated silicon compound with a substituted organic compound in the presence of a peroxide compound. This self-standing cellular organic silicate product may be utilized for thermal and sound insulation, as a cavity filler and as a coating agent.

Abstract: This invention is concerned with a method for producing phenol resin foam possessing a compact cellular structure, a high closed cell ratio and improved heat resistance. The method consists of using a resole type phenolic resin having a number average molecular weight of 150-400, surface active agents, blowing agents and curing agents, wherein at least two surface active agents are chosen from general formulas A and B, but a selection of each type must be employed ##STR1## where R.sub.1 is a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group of 8-14 carbon atoms and/or a 2-phenylpropyl group, and m and n are integers and meet the requirement: ##EQU1## R.sub.2 is a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group of 4-12 carbon atoms, M is a hydrogen atom or SO.sub.2 Na, and x is an integer of 4-110.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for producing water-blown, flexible polyurethane foams for improved foam stability and molded water-blown, flexible polyurethane foams that are rapidly demoldable with improved green strength. The process involves the use of certain compounds ("foam modifiers") as hereinafter more specifically defined. The foam modifiers consist of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal ion and an anion of a Bronsted acid having a pKa of greater than 1 (other than: (a) an inorganic alkaline earth metal salt that has a water solubility of less than one gram of salt per 100 milliliters of water at 25.degree. C., (b) alkali metal dihydrogen phosphate and (c) alkali metal sulphate).

Abstract: This invention relates to flame retardant phenol aldehyde foams which have a k value below 0.020 W/mk. The foams have as flame retardants a blend of a halosubstituted diphenyl oxide and an organic phosphorus compound. The feature of the invention is that unlike conventional flame retardants, the blend now used does not adversely affect the low k value i.e. the low thermal conductivity of the foam.

Abstract: A thermochromatic polyurethane foam comprising a polyol and a polyisocyanate as main components, and a thermochromic composition serving as a coloring agent and added to the main components singly or conjointly with a usual dye or pigment. The thermochromic composition comprises an electron-donating chromogenic material, an acidic substance and a solvent.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for the production of matte, non-blocking, thin-walled molded articles, films or tubes from polyurethane elastomers prepared from high molecular weight polyols which contain dispersed polyadducts based on polyisocyanate polyaddition products. The use of these high molecular weight polyols contained dispersed polyadducts allows for the preparation of thin-walled, molded articles which have reduced surface tackiness. The present invention is additionally directed to the molded articles produced by this process and to their use for forming polyurethane foam composites.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of cellular products and laminates based on anhydrous furan prepolymers which possess free OH groups, which is carried out at normal temperature using small amounts of silicon tetrachloride and/or phosphorus oxychloride as the crosslinking and expansion agent, characterised in that a combination of a furfuryl alcohol resin and/or a furfural/phenol (phenol and/or bisphenol A) resin with a bishydroxymethylfuran resin is used as the furan prepolymers, without the use of an acid, the silicon tetrachloride and/or phosphorus oxychloride being used in amounts of 0.1 to 5% by weight, based on the resin employed.

Abstract: An antistatic additive for polymers, particularly polyurethanes is disclosed comprising an ionizable metal salt and an enhancer comprising a non-ionizable salt or ester of an organic acid.

Abstract: Polyurethane can be made having improved heat stability, sufficient to withstand paint oven temperatures by mixing or dispersing about 0.5 to 10 parts or more of an organic monosulfide or disulfides, preferably where the organo radical is a hydroxyl phenyl or hydroxyl alkyl substituted phenyl radical per 100 parts of the polyurethane reactants and reacting to form the polyurethane.

Abstract: Polyoxyalkylene surfactants for cellular foams can be prepared by reacting under free radical polymerization conditions (1) an unsaturated polyoxyalkylene adduct and (2) an esterified unsaturated dibasic acid ingredient, wherein unsaturated diester ingredient (2) either completely or partially comprises a fumarate diester.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing a packing material for use in liquid chromatography which comprises aqueous suspension polymerizing vinyl acetate, a (meth)acrylic acid ester or a glycidyl monovinyl ester or ether with a monomer mixture composed mainly of a cross-linking monomer in the presence of a diluent selected from among epichlorohydrin and glycidyl ethers and thereafter removing it from the resulting polymer particles by ring-opening the epoxy groups in said diluent. This process provides a packing material for use in liquid chromatography which is uniform and porous and moreover is excellent in mechanical strength.

Abstract: Polyoxyalkylene surfactants for cellular foams can be prepared by reacting a polyoxyalkylene adduct and an esterified unsaturated dibasic acid in the presence of a free-radical initiator.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for the production of a flexible polyurethane foam comprising reacting(a) an organic polyisocyanate, and(b) a coupled polyol which consists essentially of the reaction product of an organic polyisocyanate and an organic compound having a hydroxy functionality of at least 2 and a primary hydroxy group content of at least 30%, the ratio of hydroxyl groups in said organic compound to isocyanate groups being greater than 1,(c) in the presence of(i) a blowing agent,(ii) a catalyst, and(iii) a foam stabilizer, said foam stabilizer being capable of producing a flexible polyurethane foam meeting the standard specifications for high resilience polyurethane foam as set forth in ASTM D-3770-79, when used in a foam formulation based on toluene diisocyanate and either (A) a polymer polyol prepared by polymerizing one or more ethylenically unsaturated monomers in a polyether polyol, or (B) a dispersion of polyurea and/or polyhydrazodicarbonamide in a hydroxyl group containing

Abstract: A polyester polyurethane foam formulation useful in medical pads to support bedridden patients is described. The foam is formed by reaction of a polyester polyol, isocyanate and blowing agent combination of water and halogenated hydrocarbon auxiliary blowing agent. A halogenated flame retardant, e.g., an organophosphorus compound, is present. A liquid char forming and dripping ember retardant additive is also present.

Abstract: Described is a process for preparing extruded functional fluid and solid-containing thermoplastic foamed particles using chemical blowing agents or direct gas extrusion processes, uses of such foamed particles and articles produced from said foamed particles. The process described involves the use of a single screw or double screw extruder wherein the resin particles are added upstream from the functional fluid or solid which, in turn, is added to the extruder upstream from the point of addition of the liquid or gaseous blowing agent.

Abstract: Polyoxyalkylene surfactants for cellular foams can be prepared by reacting a polyoxyalkylene adduct and an esterified unsaturated dibasic acid in the presence of a free-radical initiator.

Abstract: Flexible, resilient, polyurethane foam having improved flame retardancy and intumescent properties is prepared from the reaction of polyether polyol with organic isocyanate and an additive combination comprising: (i) a polyester polyol, (ii) an halogenated flame retardant, and (iii) water or alcohol soluble urea-formaldehyde resin.

Abstract: A method of preparing a polyimide foam which includes the steps of: preparing, foaming, and curing a precursor containing at least one alkyl ester of 3,3'4,4'-benzophenonetetracarboxylic acid; a meta- or para-substituted aromatic diamine; a heterocyclic diamine; an aliphatic diamine; and a solid blowing agent. The blowing agent is added to said precursor in a concentration which is sufficient to effect at least one of the following attributes of the foam: cell size, proportion of open cells, cell density, and indentation load deflection.

Abstract: Polyoxyalkylene surfactants for cellular foams can be prepared by reacting a polyoxyalkylene adduct and an esterified unsaturated dibasic acid in the presence of a free-radical initiator.

Abstract: A stable copolymer dispersion is prepared by addition copolymerization of (1) a monomeric adduct of an active hydrogen compound, e.g., a polyether polyol or polyether monool, and an ethylenically unsaturated haloformate compound such as acryloxyethylchloroformate with (2) ethylenically unsaturated monomer(s), e.g., styrene or a mixture thereof with acrylonitrile, while (1) and (2) are dispersed or dissolved in an excess of an active hydrogen polyfunctional compound such as a polyether polyol. The molar ratio of haloformate moiety to active hydrogen compound is preferably less than about 0.1:1. The resulting dispersion has a controlled particle size and a viscosity such that it is suitably employed in the production of polyurethane foams.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved polyurethane foam having cleaning and germicidal activities. The foam is prepared by mixing together a select prepolymer reactant and water, and adding to the mixture prior to foam formation a nonionic surfactant, a quaternary ammonium compound and a silicon-based surfactant. The resulting foam is particularly useful as a disposable wiping pad for household clean-up applications.

Abstract: The invention relates to reaction injection molded elastomers derived from high molecular weight amine terminated polyethers and/or high molecular weight polyols, a chain extender, a polyisocyanate and an epoxy modified filler material. The reaction injection molded (RIM) elastomers of this invention are useful, for example, as automobile body parts.

Abstract: There are provided low temperature, storage stable, liquid mixture of (1) isocyanato-containing prepolymers obtained from the reaction of linear and/or slightly branched polyols and a polyisocyanate characterized by a methylene group --CH.sub.2 -- bonded to two benzenoid nuclei, and (2) a non-hydroxyl-containing flow modifier which is compatible with the said prepolymer. Novel liquid mixtures thus prepared exhibit little tendency to crystallize or phase separate when stored for prolonged periods of time, i.e., well below room temperature for several days.

Abstract: Polyurethane foams prepared from the reaction of polyester polyol with organic isocyanate have improved flame retardance and dripping ember retardance by incorporation of an additive comprising (1) halogenated flame retardant, and (2) organic solvent soluble glycoluril-formaldehyde material.

Abstract: Aminoplast resin is prepared by reacting urea or melamine with formaldehyde in the presence of a stabilizer compound. Dispersions of the resin in a polyol reacted with a polyisocyanate produce polyurethane products having low flammability properties.

Abstract: Alkali metal polyester silicate resinous products are produced by mixing a polyhydroxy organic compound, an alkali metal silicate and a polycarboxylic acid, then heating the mixture to a temperature between the melting point of the polycarboxylic acid and the boiling temperature of the polyol while agitating until the reaction is complete.

Abstract: Polyurethane foam products comprising a foam filled with a foam and a large amount of combustion retardant materials are described. The foams are prepared by foaming a polyurethane foam-forming diisocyanate and polyol around pre-formed polyurethane foam chips having incorporated therein solid combustion retardant materials. The polyurethane foam-filled foams have excellent physical characteristics and, because of their combustion properties, are particularly suitable for furniture upholstery and cushioning applications including in mattresses.

Abstract: Polyurethane foam products comprising a foam filled with a foam and a large amount of solid material inert to the foam products are described. The foams are prepared by foaming a polyurethane foam-forming diisocyanate and polyol around pre-formed polyurethane foam chips having incorporated therein or therewith solid materials inert to the foam. The inert material can be a fire- or combustion-retardant material; a material such as graphite or the like to render the foam conductive; or a filler material to impart various other characteristics. The polyurethane foam-filled foams can be tailored to have excellent physical characteristics and are particularly suitable for furniture upholstery, cushioning applications including in mattresses, and where special properties are required.

Abstract: Polyurethane foams prepared from the reaction of polyester polyol with organic isocyanate have improved flame retardance and dripping ember retardance by incorporation of an additive comprising (1) halogenated flame retardant, and (2) water or alcohol soluble urea-formaldehyde resin.

Abstract: A process and a foam produced therefrom are disclosed in which multi-functional isocyanate, water, a catalytic amount of a urea polymerization catalyst, and a catalytic amount of an isocyanurate polymerization catalyst are reacted to form a rigid, closed cell, urea-modified polyisocyanurate foam suitable for use for retrofitting wall cavities with insulating material. The urea polymerization catalyst and the isocyanurate polymerization catalyst are present in the reaction mixture in relationship to the multi-functional isocyanate and water in amounts so as to produce a foam setting after substantially complete rising thereof. Activator compositions for preparing such foams are also disclosed.

Abstract: Synthetic polymer-propellant compositions are provided that are capable of forming foamed structures having a temperature at least 30.degree. C. below ambient temperature and containing open and/or closed cells, which may optionally contain a material which is deposited in the pores and/or walls of the structure as the structure is formed, and comprising:(a) a film-forming synthetic polymer is an amount within the range from about 2% to about 30% by weight of the composition;(b) at least one liquefied propellant boiling below -10.degree.

Abstract: Polyoxyalkylene surfactants for cellular forms can be prepared by reacting a polyoxyalkylene adduct and an esterified unsaturated dibasic acid in the presence of a free-radical initiator.

Abstract: Low smoke isocyanurate modified polyurethane foams are prepared from polyols and a stoichiometric excess of reactive isocyanates providing an --NCO/--OH index of 1.3-3.0, preferably from 1.6-2.3. Catalysts for the trimerization reaction of the isocyanate to the isocyanurate form are employed. The polyol used in the present invention includes from 5-100% of a digestion product which is prepared by digesting polyalkylene terephthalate residues in organic polyols. The foams produced by the method of the present invention possess unexpected properties in such areas as flame spread, smoke, and low friability. The use of the polyols described above can substantially reduce product cost, allowing the isocyanurate modified polyurethane foams of the present invention to be utilized in commercial applications.

Abstract: A foam made from the reaction of a multifunctional isocyanate and a catalytic amount of an isocyanate polymerizing catalyst and method for making such foam are disclosed in which the foam is modified by forming the foam in the presence of water and a softening agent selected from the group consisting of a chlorinated alkane, brominated alkane, alkyl ester of an alkanoic acid, alkylene oxide, aromatic hydrocarbon, acylnitrile, aliphatic ketone, aliphatic aldehyde, aliphatic ether, alicyclic ether, amide of an alkanoic acid, and mixtures thereof, wherein the foam is modified by the water and the softening agent in an amount effective to provide a gel time which exceeds the rise time of the foam. A method of filling wall cavities with the foam and composition for preparing the foam are also disclosed.

Abstract: Low temperature flexible polyurethane elastomers are prepared by reacting organic polyisocyanates with polyester polyols which have glass transition temperatures of -10.degree. to -80.degree. C. and incorporating therein alkoxylated esters of fatty acids and/or alkoxylated terpene alcohols.

Abstract: This invention concerns sprayable emulsions of a foamable polymer in water which are useful as aerosol caulking or insulating compositions.

Abstract: Polyoxyalkylene surfactants for cellular foams can be prepared by reacting a polyoxyalkylene adduct and an esterified unsaturated dibasic acid in the presence of a free-radical initiator.

Abstract: Smoke suppressed rigid polyurethane foams are prepared from a reaction mixture comprising as the smoke suppressant additive a metal salt of a: dialkyl dithiocarbamate, a mercaptobenzothiazole, a 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole, a mercaptotriazine, a hydroxy thiophenol or an aliphatic dimercapto compound of 2 to 10 carbons.

Abstract: Active hydrogen-containing fluorochemical is used as a foam stabilizer in preparing polyurethane foams. For example, rigid or flexible polyurethane foams with high or low density and uniform cellular structure are prepared using fluoroaliphatic radical-substituted poly(oxyalkylene) polyols as foam stabilizers.

Abstract: Foam products are disclosed which are produced by incorporating active materials, utilizing in situ methods, into the cell structure of hydrophillic polyurethane foams. The products obtained are characterized by a controlled rate of release of the active material from the foam structure.

Abstract: In the preparation of conventional or high resiliency flexible polyurethane flame retarded foams by reacting organic polyisocyanates with polyols containing vinylic polymers and employing flame retardant compounds, less flame retardant compound is required to pass the California Bulletin No. 117 flame test when the particle size of the vinylic polymers is greater than 0.5 microns.

Abstract: An open cell polyurea polyurethane foamed sponge is produced by mixing together a resin and an aqueous pahse. The resin phase consists of a prepolymer made from a hydrophilic oxyalkylene polyol which is capped with isocyanate groups and from about 1-30% by weight of the prepolymer of a polymeric polysocyanate such as a PAPI resin. The aqueous phase contains water, reinforcing fibers, surfactants, a thickening agent and preferably up to 40% by weight of diatomaceous earth. The resulting foam has a reduced volume swell, rapid wet out and improved wet strength.

Abstract: Active hydrogen-containing fluorochemical is used as a foam stabilizer for polyurethane foams. For example, rigid or flexible polyurethane foams with high or low density and uniform cellular structure are prepared using fluoroaliphatic radical-substituted poly(oxyalkylene) polyols as foam stabilizers.

Abstract: The instant invention is directed to a process for the production of flame resistant foams by the impregnation of polyurethane foams with a dispersion consisting substantially of an aluminum hydroxide, a polyurethane latex, an alumino-silicate and surface active substances which results in foams having very desirable mechanical properties as well as excellent flame resistant properties.

Abstract: Synthesis of integral skin microcellular polyurethane elatomers by reacting hydroxyl-terminated aliphatic polyesters with symmetrical diisocyanates, prepolymers of these isocyanates such as derived from p,p'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate and an aliphatic glycol and mixtures thereof, these are polymerized in the presence of an organic blowing agent, and one or more plasticizers such as of the formulae ##STR1## further enhancement of the results is brought about by the presence of catalysts and cell regulating agents, such as dimethylpolysiloxanes; the obtained elastomers are useful, such as for shoe soles and in the manufacture of other products, e.g., vibration dampening devices, floatation devices, gaskets and the like.

Abstract: Flexible or semiflexible low density polyetherurethane foams containing antimony trioxide, zinc oxide and a brominated diphenyl ether or oxide having from 4 to 10 bromine atoms exhibit good flame retardant properties and also exhibit good resistance to smoldering.

Abstract: The present invention relates to rendering antistatic polyurethane foams, particularly polyurethane foams which are used as textile coating such as carpet backings. The antistatics are terminally esterified or etherified polyalkylene oxide adducts of the general formulaR--(CHR'--CH.sub.2 O)n--CHR'--CH.sub.2 R"in which R and R", which can be identical or different, denote a linear or branched alkoxy radical with 1 to 22 C atoms, an alkylaryloxy radical with 10 to 18 C atoms, an acyloxy radical with 1 to 18 C atoms or a halogen radical, R' denotes hydrogen or a methyl radical, and n denotes a whole number between 2 and 20. The antistatic finishing of the polyurethane foams is preferably effected by addition of the alkylene oxide adducts to the starting materials of the polyurethane foam. Preferably, the antistatic agents are dissolved in the diol component of the polyurethane. The so finished polyurethane foams have an antistatic content of 5 to 30 weight % relative to the polyurethane.