Abstract: Amine compounds are added to foamable elastomeric silicone foam to reduce foam density.

Abstract: An open celled, dimensionally stable, flexible urethane foam and method of preparing such foam, which method comprises adding a cell opening dimensionally stabilizing amount of an additive to a foamable urethane composition, and thereafter foaming the composition containing such additive to provide a dimensionally stable, flexible urethane foam product. The additive mixture employed comprises an ester reaction product of a long chain acid with polyethylene or polypropylene glycols and/or contains free acid to provide for a desired acid value. The dimensionally stable, flexible foam product produced is particularly useful in the automotive industry as a flexible molded-type foam for use as cushions and seats.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for producing phenolformaldehyde foams, also known as phenolic foams, of improved properties. The inventive feature resides in using a controlled combination of the various components in the curing reaction mixture and in controlling the temperature within the mass of the curing mixture. The process is applicable to production of block or laminated foams. Phenolic foams find increasing use in building applications where their thermal insulation and fire resistant properties are of value.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of strengthening geological formations in underground workings or mines by introducing reaction mixtures containing a polyisocyanate component (a), a polyol component (b) and optionally auxiliary agents and additives (c) into the formation which is required to be strengthened and reacting the mixtures to form polyurethanes, wherein polyol component (b) contains mixtures of (i) organic polyhydroxyl compounds having a hydroxyl number of about 100 to 800 and (ii) monovalent alcohols having a molecular weight of 32 to about 600, component (ii) being present in an amount of about 0.01 to 20% by weight, based on the total quantity of component (b).

Abstract: A process for manufacturing foamed silicone compositions by foaming a cross-linkable composition which comprises:(a) 100 parts by weight of a vinyl-containing polysiloxane containing 0.0002 to 3% by weight of vinyl groups and a viscosity of from 0.1 to 1,000 Pascal-seconds at 25.degree. C.,(b) up to 10 parts by weight of a silanol-containing silicon compound with a viscosity from 0.01 to 10 Pascal-seconds at 25.degree. C.,(c) up to 200 parts by weight of filler,(d) 1 to 50 parts by weight of a polysiloxane with a viscosity of 0.005 to 0.1 Pascal-seconds at 25.degree. C., and(e) a platinum catalyst, is characterized by foaming the cross-linkable composition with a substance containing hydroxyl groups at temperatures of 50.degree. to 150.degree. C.

Abstract: Oxazolidone-containing isocyanurate foams characterized by thermal stability at a temperature of about 140.degree. C. or higher. These foams are produced by reacting at least one polyisocyanate with at least one polyepoxide in the presence of catalyst, surfactant, and blowing agent.

Abstract: Plastic foams are prepared by reacting a compound containing Si-bonded hydrogen and at least one SiC-bonded radical having a basic nitrogen atom in the same molecule with a hydroxyl-containing compound.

Abstract: In order to overcome the problems encountered in attempting to mix finely divided organic polymer materials into viscous polyol because of accompanying air entrainment, the polymer material is pretreated with a volatile liquid halocarbon or liquid hydrocarbon in an amount at least sufficient to wet the surfaces of the polymer particles. The halocarbon or hydrocarbon is one preferably otherwise employed as a blowing agent for the preparation of foamed resin polymers such as a polyurethane; particularly methylene chloride or a fluorocarbon (e.g. monofluorotrichloromethane). In accordance with an alternative embodiment the volatile treating liquid may be first mixed with the viscous polyol before addition of the ground material therein.

Abstract: A foamed polymethacrylimide resin having improved creep resistance at high temperature and reduced moisture absorption is obtained by heating a foamable resin composition consisting of (1) a copolymer formed between 47 to 53 percent by weight of methacrylonitrile monomer, 53 to 47 percent by weight of methacrylic acid monomer, and 0.01 to 4 percent, by weight of said monomers, of a metal salt of acrylic or methacrylic acid, and (2) 0.5 to 4 percent, also by weight of the monomers, of a blowing agent mixture of formamide or monomethyl formamide and a monohydric aliphatic alcohol having from 3 to 8 carbon atoms in the molecule.

Abstract: A method of sealing electrical fittings is provided. The method comprises foaming in situ a removable, flame retardant, solvent resistant, substantially closed cell isocyanurate foam. The isocyanurate foam is prepared from a two-part, liquid, foamable, curable composition, the parts being mixed at the time of application, the composition comprising, in a first part, a prereaction product of an isocyanate and a polyol, and, in a second part, catalyst, chain extending agent, flame retardant agent, and blowing agent. Also provided are an electrical fitting and cable duct or riser sealed with the isocyanurate foam.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new process for the production of elastomeric polyurethane moldings which may be microcellular having a sealed surface layer and an average density of from 0.8 to 1.4 g/cm.sup.3, wherein specific condensation products of ricinoleic acid are used as internal mold release agents.

Abstract: A method of producing elastomeric silicone foams from a two-part system is disclosed. The method mixes the ingredients then allows a froth to form and cure at ambient temperature to an elastomeric silicone foam. The method mixes a vinyl-containing polydiorganosiloxane (1), a hydroxylated polydiorganosiloxane (2), a platinum catalyst (3), an organohydrogensiloxane (4) and a profoamer (5). The profoamer is a resinous, benzene-soluble organosiloxane copolymer consisting essentially of SiO.sub.4/2 units, silicone bonded hydroxyl groups, (CH.sub.3).sub.3 SiO.sub.1/2 units, and fluorine-containing units. An embodiment of the method includes a liquified blowing agent and stores the mixture under superatmospheric pressure, forming a foam by releasing the mixture to atmospheric pressure. Another embodiment includes an alcohol in the mixture to provide a foam of lower density.

Abstract: Surface coating methods and compositions are disclosed which eliminate many of the disadvantages associated with known coating processes from pollution, equipment, materials, energy, labor and cost standpoints. According to techniques described, thermosetting liquid compositions containing film-forming solids are formulated, then conveyed in the foam state toward a surface, and upon foam disintegration, form a film of solids on the surface. The foamable thermosetting resin compositions contain a curable resin having a free hydroxyl or carboxyl group, a curing agent consisting of a lower (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4) alkoxylated amine for reaction with the resin hydroxyl or carboxyl group and a liquid blowing agent consisting of a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkanol which is also a by-product of the thermosetting reaction.

Abstract: Polyurethane can be made having improved heat stability, sufficient to withstand paint oven temperatures by mixing or dispersing about 0.5 to 10 parts or more of an organic monosulfide or disulfides, preferably where the organo radical is a hydroxyl phenyl or hydroxyl alkyl substituted phenyl radical per 100 parts of the polyurethane reactants and reacting to form the polyurethane.

Abstract: Foamed resinous products having excellent fire resistance, high thermal insulation and good resistance to heat are obtained at temperatures as low as room temperature and without the need for an added blowing agent by forming a mixture of a phenolic resole having a specified reactivity, an acid hardener for the resole and, uniformly dispersed through the mixture of resole and hardener, at least 20% by weight of a finely divided inert and insoluble particulate solid; products capable of being employed as wood-substitutes are obtained when a dihydric compound is included in the mixture and the solid is talc, fly ash and/or a hydraulic cement.

Abstract: A method of producing elastomeric silicone foams from a two-part system is disclosed. The method mixes the ingredients then allows a froth to form and cure at ambient temperature to an elastomeric silicone foam. The method mixes a vinyl-containing polydiorganosiloxane (1), a hydroxylated polydiorganosiloxane (2), a platinum catalyst (3), an organohydrogensiloxane (4) and a profoamer (5). The profoamer is a resinous, benzene-soluble organosiloxane copolymer consisting essentially of SiO.sub.4/2 units, silicone bonded hydroxyl groups, (CH.sub.3).sub.3 SiO.sub.1/2 units, and fluorine-containing units. An embodiment of the method includes a liquified blowing agent and stores the mixture under superatmospheric pressure, forming a foam by releasing the mixture to atmospheric pressure. Another embodiment includes an alcohol in the mixture to provide a foam of lower density.

Abstract: This invention discloses a method of controlling the relative physical properties of foams such as density and compressibility or density and Bashore resiliency for compositions which consist essentially of triorganosiloxy endblocked polydiorganosiloxane having at least two vinyl radicals, platinum catalyst, organohydrogensiloxane, and hydroxyl endblocked polydiorganoisiloxane. The relative values of the physical properties are adjusted by the addition of varying amounts of organic alcohol having from 3 to 12 carbon atoms to the composition.

Abstract: A composition useful in producing an open-cell, elastomeric silicone foam combines a silicone oil-in-water emulsion, which forms an elastomer upon removal of the water, with an aerosol propellant. When the composition is discharged to atmospheric pressure, a froth is formed. Removing water from the froth yields an open-cell foam. The froth is stabilized by surfactants, thickeners, or froth stabilizers selected from fibers or lauryl alcohol.

Abstract: An improved process is disclosed for the preparation of a cured substantially closed cell phenolic resin foam by preparing a mixture of a foamable phenol-aldehyde resin, a blowing agent, and an acid catalyst, allowing the mixture to foam, and curing the phenolic foam, wherein the improvement comprises:(a) maintaining the water content of the foamable mixture below about 14% by weight,(b) using a resin-soluble acid catalyst,(c) adding at least a minimum amount of two parts per hundred resin of surfactant to the mixture prior to foaming, and(d) adding a member of the lactone family to the mixture prior to foaming.

Abstract: Polyorganosiloxane foams are prepared by the volatilization of a blowing agent within a polyorganosiloxane composition that is curable by a hydrosilation reaction and includes as a foam stabilizer a resinous polyorganosiloxane comprising trimethylsiloxy units, SiO.sub.4/2 units and a specified class of fluorine-containing siloxane units.

Abstract: Sprayable urethane resin compositions and a process for preparing the sprayable resin compositions particularly with reinforcing materials such as chopped fiberglass, which process comprises reacting generally equal volumes of A and B side mixtures in a sprayable reaction to form a fast reacting, fast curing urethane resin, the A side mixture comprising an MDI or an MDI prepolymer prepared by reacting an MDI with a triol and a B side mixture comprising an auto catalytic, aromatic amine polyol having a hydroxyl number ranging from about 300 to 600, a viscosity reducing amount of a tetraethylene glycol and a catalyst to affect the rapid reaction and cure of the A and B side mixtures on spraying, the process may optionally include the incorporation of reinforcing materials, such as glass fibers and optionally may include the use of blowing agents to provide a lower density reinforced cured product.

Abstract: Methods of making modified polyimide/polyimide-amide foams having selected compressive resistance and density characteristics and the resulting compositions. A suitable aromatic dianhydride is mixed with a suitable oxoimine and alcohol, which initially is believed to form a monoimide which is substantially/simultaneously esterified by the alcohol. To this mixture is added a suitable diamine to produce a polyimide forming material. This material is dried to a powder or film. A foam is produced by heating the material to reaction temperature for a period sufficient to produce a stable foam. The material melts, then spontaneously expands into a foam which becomes self supporting and cures to a resilient flexible foam. Depending upon heating conditions, a polyimide, polyimide-amide or mixture thereof may be produced, resulting in foams having varying physical properties. Within the mole ratio range of oxoimine to dianhydride of about 1.5:1 to about 0.

Abstract: Generally closed cell phenolic foams are prepared which have a K-factor of less than 0.2, preferably from about 0.116 to about 0.170 Btu/hr - .degree.F. - ft - .sup.2 per inch of foam thickness when measured at 24.degree. Centigrade. The foams are prepared from a resole resin which has been stripped to a water level of less than 7 percent by weight, preferably from about 3 to about 6 percent by weight based on resin weight. A viscosity adjusting amount of a solvent, such as phenol, and from about 10 to about 20 weight percent, based on resin weight, of a polyglycol are also part of a foam forming formulation. Conventional surfactants, blowing agents and acidic catalysts are used to prepare the foams. The foams so prepared generally have no tendency to autoxidize when placed in an oven heated to a temperature of 250.degree. Centigrade. The foams so prepared also have enhanced resistance to flame penetration.

Abstract: Methods of making low density modified polyimide/polyimide-amide foams and the resulting compositions. An N-substituted aliphatic imide is prepared by reacting a suitable aromatic dianhydride with a suitable oxime. A polyimide forming material is prepared by dissolving the N-substituted aliphatic imide in an esterifying solvent, then adding a suitable aromatic diamine. This material is dried to a powder. A suitable hydrated compound which is stable up to at least about 100.degree. C. is mixed with the powder. A foam is then produced by heating the material to reaction temperature for a period sufficient to produce a stable foam. The material melts, then spontaneously expands into a foam which becomes self supporting and cures to a resilient flexible foam. The addition of the hydrated compound is found to result in an exceptionally low density foam.

Abstract: The flowability of foamable compositions comprising a hydroxyl-containing polyorganosiloxane, a polyorganosiloxane containing silicon-bonded hydrogen atoms, a platinum catalyst and a catalyst inhibitor is eliminated by including in the composition a solid filler exhibiting a mean particle size of one micron or less and either (1) organosilicon compound containing at least 0.5% by weight of carboxyl groups or silicon-bonded hydroxyalkyl groups, or (2) a partially esterified polyfunctional alcohol. In addition, the pot life of the composition is increased without adversely affecting the structure of the cured foam or the adhesion of the foam to various substrates.

Abstract: Composition which comprises a mixture of (A) a polydiorganosiloxane having a viscosity of from 200 to 100,000 cP at 25.degree. C. and having at least two silicon-bonded vinyl groups, (B) an organohydrogensiloxane, (C) a platinum catalyst, (D) a substance which inhibits the reaction between (A) and (B) in the presence of (C) e.g. an acetylenic alcohol, and (E) a blowing agent selected from p,p'-oxybis(benzenesulphonylhydrazide) and dinitrosopentamethylene tetramine.The composition can be converted by heat into an elastomeric sponge and is useful for the production of articles such as seat cushions, heat and sound insulation and shock absorbers.

Abstract: Spherical porous polyimide powder having an average particle diameter of 1 to 20 .mu.m which is infusible and insoluble in organic solvents is produced by polymerizing an aromatic tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride and an aromatic polyisocyanate in an organic solvent at a temperature of 100.degree. to 200.degree. C. and in the presence of a tertiary amine catalyst to form polyimide particles in the form of slurry, filtering or centrifuging said polyimide particles, and washing the resulting polyimide particles with an organic solvent.

Abstract: Polyurethane foams prepared from the reaction of polyester polyol with organic isocyanate have improved flame retardance and dripping ember retardance by incorporation of an additive comprising (1) halogenated flame retardant, and (2) organic solvent soluble glycoluril-formaldehyde material.

Abstract: Aminoplast resin is prepared by reacting urea or melamine with formaldehyde in the presence of a stabilizer compound. Dispersions of the resin in a polyol reacted with a polyisocyanate produce polyurethane products having low flammability properties.

Abstract: Polyurea foam formulations, prepared by reacting a polymeric isocyanate with an aqueous activator component, and having incorporated therein a small but density-lowering and/or compressive strength enhancing amount of a lower-alkanol or alkylenediol, preferably having up to and including six (6) carbon atoms, especially isopropanol, are disclosed.

Abstract: Alkali metal polyester silicate resinous products are produced by mixing a polyhydroxy organic compound, an alkali metal silicate and a polycarboxylic acid, then heating the mixture to a temperature between the melting point of the polycarboxylic acid and the boiling temperature of the polyol while agitating until the reaction is complete.

Abstract: Hydroxylated lecithins are employed as mold release agents in the preparation of molded articles from polyurethane-forming compositions. Polyol compositions containing such mold release agents are also disclosed.

Abstract: Polyoxyalkylene polyether polyols are stabilized against oxidative degradation by incorporating therein a synergistic stabilizing composition containing (1) a mixture of butylated phenols consisting of 2-tertiary butyl phenol, 3,5-ditertiary butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamate and 1,6-hexamethylene bis(3,5-ditertiary-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamate) or tetrakis [methylene(3,5-ditertiary butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamate)] methane (2) a p,p'-dialkyldiphenylamine such as p,p'-dioctyldiphenylamine and (3) a phenothiazine compound. Polyurethane foams are stabilized against scorching when the stabilized polyols are utilized in the foam preparation or the stabilizing composition is added with other reactants.

Abstract: An isocyanurate thermosetting foam composition having improved flame, smoke and nonburning properties with high char resistance, which foam composition is prepared by the reaction of from about 5 to 40 parts of a methoxy polyethylene glycol and optionally with melamine, with 100 parts of a methylene diisocyanate having an average functionality of about 2.4 or less in the presence of a blowing agent, a surfactant and a single trimerization catalyst, to provide a closed-cell, thermosetting, modified polyisocyanurate foam having a flame-spread value of about 15 or less.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method of producing phenolic foams comprising introducing into a substantially closed volume a phenolic resole resin foamable composition and allowing the composition to foam in this volume wherein a pressure in excess of ambient atmospheric pressure is achieved within this volume. This pressure in excess of ambient atmospheric pressure generally is in excess of about 2 pounds per square inch, typically in excess of about 5 pounds per square inch, and preferably in excess of about 6 pounds per square inch, gauge pressure.The present invention is also directed to foams produced by the method of the invention.

Abstract: Cellular foams, particularly polyisocyanurate foams, are prepared by reacting together an organic polyisocyanate, a blowing agent, a trimerization catalyst, and a minor amount of a polyol mixture prepared by the transesterification with a glycol of a by-product fraction from the manufacture of dimethyl terephthalate, the major portion of said fraction comprising about 15 to 70 weight percent of dimethyl terephthalate, and about 85 to 30 weight percent of a mixture of monomethyl terephthalate, bi-ring esters and polymeric materials. Laminates of such foams exhibit a high degree of fire resistance, low smoke evolution on combustion, low foam friability and high compressive strength.

Abstract: A composition comprises polyurethane, a two-component flame retardant system consisting of an additive first flame retardant containing organophosphorus, and a second flame retardant containing organochlorine or organobromine.The composition of the invention may be employed for polyurethane foams, especially rigid foams.Diminished combustibility for rigid foam is measured by a flame-spread index less than 75 and a smoke developed index less than 450 when subjected to ASTM Test E-84, Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials.Dimethyl methylphosphonate is a representative additive organophosphorus first flame retardant. Trichloroisopropyl alcohol is a representative second flame retardant containing organochlorine.

Abstract: A process for producing amine formaldehyde resin foam by using a precondensate for the amine formaldehyde resin, a foaming agent, a surfactant and a curing agent is disclosed. Said process is characterized in that the foaming agent is selected from the group consisting of aliphatic hydrocarbons or halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons having a boiling point in the range of from about -30.degree. C. to about 30.degree. C., the foaming agent is used in amount of from about 0.07 mol to about 1.0 mol per 100 gr. of solid content of the precondensate for resin (residue obtained by heating the precondensate in accordance with JIS K 5400 8.2.1.), the process comprising mixing the precondensate, the foaming agent and the surfactant, emulsifying the resulting mixture at a specified pressure at a temperature of at least 0.degree. C. and higher than the boiling point of the foaming agent by 5.degree.-50.degree. C.

Abstract: Stable isocyanurate foams are produced at rapid reaction rates by contacting an organic polyisocyanate with an active hydrogen compound such as a polyether polyol in the presence of an initiator comprising an ortho-sulfonium phenoxide and a carbonylate salt such as sodium acetate.

Abstract: The cure time of polyurethane prepolymer curable with water to form polyurethane hydrogel is prolonged by the addition to the water of certain micelle-forming adducts which substantially extend the cure time.

Abstract: Antioxidant compositions containing (a) a sterically hindered phenol, (b) 4,4'-bis(.alpha.,.alpha.-dimethylbenzyl) diphenyl amine and (c) a phenothiazine compound stabilize polyols against oxidative degradation and prevent urethane foams prepared therefrom from scorching.

Abstract: Polyisocyanurate polymers are prepared by the polymerization of organic polyisocyanates in organic solvents employing trimerization catalysts. After deactivation of the catalysts and removal of the solvents, these polymers may be dispersed in polyols which are employed for the preparation of cellular and non-cellular polyurethane products displaying improved load bearing properties.

Abstract: A binder composition for foundry sands comprises (a) a polyisocyanate compound (e.g., polymethylene polyisocyanate), (b) a polyol compound (e.g., a polyol compound having as its principal constituent a polyether polyol of being at least bifunctional), and (c) an alkylphenol and/or an alkylphenol derivative (e.g., nonylphenol). In this binder composition, the equivalent weight ratio of the isocyanate group of component (a) and the hydroxyl group of component (b) is from 0.3:1 to 3:1, and the quantity of component (c) is 3 to 150 parts by weight relative to 100 parts by weight of the sum of the quantities of components (a) and (b).

Abstract: The instant invention is directed to a process for the production of an inorganic-organic foam composition comprising reacting an organic, nonionic hydrophilic polyisocyanate with an aqueous alkali metal silicate in the presence of a catalyst and a blowing agent, the improvement wherein said aqueous alkali metal silicate contains from 0.1 to 15% by weight, based on the weight of the aqueous alkali metal silicate, of a compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein A is selected from the group consisting of N, P and S, wherein R, R', R" and R'" may be the same or different and are selected from the group consisting of allyl, vinyl, C.sub.1 to C.sub.17 alkyl or mono- or polyhydroxy substituted alkyl, C.sub.6 to C.sub.10 aryl or mono- or polyhydroxy substituted aryl, C.sub.7 to C.sub.22 aralkyl or mono- or polyhydroxy substituted aralkyl, and C.sub.7 to C.sub.

Abstract: Foam products are disclosed which are produced by incorporating active materials, utilizing in situ methods, into the cell structure of hydrophillic polyurethane foams. The products obtained are characterized by a controlled rate of release of the active material from the foam structure.

Abstract: An improvement is disclosed in the preparation of high resilience polyurethane foam. The improvement resides in the use of a select reaction mixture which includes a polyol containing an effectively dispersed finely divided solid particulate material and 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol as a cross-linking agent to stabilize the reaction mixture.

Abstract: A select polyether polyol is used in preparing flexible polyurethane foam having desirable physical properties. The select polyether polyol is an oxypropylated, oxyethylated triol containing an effectively dispersed finely divided solid particulate material. The resulting foam is of utility in various applications, such as cushioning.

Abstract: Polyisocyanurate polymers are prepared by polymerization of polyisocyanates in organic solvents employing trimerization catalysts. The polyisocyanates are reacted with halogenated alcohols subsequent to polymerization. These polymers may be dispersed in polyols for the preparation of cellular and non-cellular polyurethane products having improved flame retardant physical properties.

Abstract: This invention relates to solutions of polyisocyanate polyaddition products with a solids content of from 5 to 70% by weight ofA. Reaction products of(a) polyisocyanates,(b) hydrazines and/or polyamines and/or dihydrazides and/or ammonia and/or urea and/or low molecular weight polyols,(c) optionally higher molecular weight polyols and(d) optionally formaldehyde inB. polyhydric alcohols having a molecular weight of between 62 and 450.

Abstract: Polyurethane foams prepared with chlorinated oligomeric phosphate ester or tris(dichloropropyl) phosphate flame retardants have low scorch and surface discoloration by addition of a mixture of phenothiazine and 4,4'-thio-bis(6-tertiary butyl meta cresol).