Abstract: A process for preparing a polyurethane foam, especially according to the one-shot foaming process, the quasi-prepolymer process and the prepolymer process by reactions between a polyisocyanate and an active hydrogen-containing component including water and an organic polyol wherein said reactions are conducted in the presence of a reaction product formed by reaction between a tertiary amine and a carboxylic acid having halo functionality and optional hydroxyl functionality.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a polyol resin composition containing a polyether polyol blend, a polyester polyol, and a hydrocarbon blowing agent. The polyether polyol blend has at least a diamine initiated polyol, a propylene oxide polyol, and a polyethylene terephthalate initiated polyol having a functionality of from 2.3 to 3.0. The polyester polyol is preferably a phthalic anhydride initiated polyester polyol. The blowing agent is a C4-C6 hydrocarbon.

Abstract: A method for the production of polyurethane foams and of thermoplastic foams is described. As blowing agent, a composition is used, which contains or consists of pentafluorobutane, preferably pentafluorobutane (HFC-365mfc) and at least one further blowing agent selected from the group comprising; difluoromethane (HFC-32); difluoroethane, preferably 1,1-difluoroethane (HFC-152a); 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134); 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a); hexafluoropropane, preferably 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane (HFC-236fa); 1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane (HFC-236ea) and heptafluoropropane, preferably 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane (HFC-227ea), low-boiling, optionally halogenated hydrocarbons and/or low-boiling, optionally halogenated ethers.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a process for preparing porous polymer materials by a combination of gas foaming and particulate leaching steps. The invention is also directed to porous polymer material prepared by the process, particularly having a characteristic interconnected pore structure, and to methods for using such porous polymer material, particularly for tissue engineering.

Abstract: Azeotropic compositions made up of (a) from about 26 to about 72% by weight perfluorohexane and (b) one compound selected from (1) about 36 to about 74% by weight 2-methyl butane or (2) about 28 to about 53% by weight n-pentane in which the sum of the weight percent (a) and weight percent (b) is 100 percent may be used as blowing agents in the production of polyurethane/polyurea foams.

Abstract: Rigid polyurethane foams having improved flame resistance are disclosed. The foams are prepared from a composition containing (a) an isocyanate, (b) an isocyanate reactive composition containing an aromatic polyester polyol, (c) an organo phosphorus compound and (d) a C1 to C4 hydrofluorocarbon.

Abstract: Premixes of a polyol suitable for polyurethane or polyisocyanurate foam preparation and 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane require no stabilizer to inhibit reaction between the fluorocarbon and the polyol. These premixes are useful for polyurethane and polyisocyanurate foam preparation.

Abstract: This invention provides azeotropic and azeotrope-like compositions of 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane and water that are environmentally desirable for use as blowing agents and solvents.

Abstract: Disclosed are aromatic polyester polyols, polyol based resin blends, and rigid closed-cell polyisocyanate-based foams made using the polyol based resin blends. The resin blends generally comprise: (a) an aromatic polyester polyol reaction product formed by inter-esterification of a phthalic acid based material; a hydroxylated material having a functionality of at least 2; and a hydrophobic material; and (b) a C4-C7 hydrocarbon blowing agent. Also disclosed is a method for preparing rigid closed-cell polyisocyanate-based foams comprising reacting a polyisocyanate and a polyol based resin blend.

Abstract: Azeotropic compositions made up of (a) from about 4 to about 50% by weight 1,3-dioxolane and (b) one compound selected from (1) about 75 to about 96% by weight cyclopentane, (2) about 60 to about 79% by weight 2-methyl pentane, (3) about 59 to about 77% by weight 3-methyl pentane, and (4) about 50 to about 69% by weight n-hexane in which the sum of the weight percent of (a) plus weight percent of (b) is approximately 100 percent are used as blowing agents in the production of polyurethane/polyurea foams.

Abstract: Rigid polyurethane foams are prepared from an isocyanate composition containing diphenylmethane diisocyanate, three ring oligomers of polyphenylene polymethylene polyisocyanate and higher homologues of polyphenylene polymethylene polyisocyanate.

Abstract: Foam blowing agents blends of HFC-134a and a pentane selected from n-pentane, i-pentane and i-pentane/cyclopentane are provided, as are polyol premixes and polyurethane foam compositions containing such blends.

Abstract: A polyester polyol composition comprising a phthalic anhydride-initiated polyester polyol, a C4-C6 hydrocarbon blowing agent, and an alkylene oxide modified silicone glycol compatibilizing agent having an HLB of from about 5 to about 8 is disclosed. The blowing agent is soluble in the polyol composition, thereby reducing the risks associated with such blowing agents in processes for making rigid polymer foam articles and providing rigid foams having good dimensional stability and improved insulation properties. An alkylene oxide and isocyanate modified silicone glycol compatibilizing agent is also disclosed.

Abstract: Rigid polyurethane foams having improved flame resistance are disclosed. The foams are prepared from a composition containing (a) an isocyanate, (b) an isocyanate reactive composition containing an aromatic polyester polyol, (c) an organo phosphorus compound and (d) a C1 to C4 hydrofluorocarbon.

Abstract: A thermosetting plastic foam solid formed from the reaction product of: (a) either polyisocyanate or isocyanate-based foam; (b) a polyol-based foam; (c) a catalyst which is capable of promoting the thermosetting reaction between the polyisocyanate or isocyanate-based foam and the polyol-based foam; and (d) a blowing agent which comprises a high purity cyclopentane product, wherein the high purity cyclopentane product is about 95% or greater pure cyclopentane, and, optionally, (e) water and/or (f) liquid flame retardant.

Abstract: New, useful and surprisingly effective polymeric triphenylmethane colorant-containing compositions which exhibit very low color degradation within polyurethane foams. Generally during polyurethane foam production, certain amine-based hydroxyl-group containing catalysts deleteriously attack the nitrogen linking groups within triphenylmethane polymeric colorants. Such compositions require the presence of nominal yet effective amounts of organic cyclic ester materials. The ring systems of such materials appear to open during exposure to heat (during the foaming procedure) and release carboxylic acids into the foaming formulation. The tertiary amines become quenched by the carboxylic acids and thus do not exhibit degradation of the TPM-based chromophore. The resultant foams exhibit substantially uniform color throughout. The processes and resultant foams are also contemplated within this invention.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of a rigid polyurethane or urethane-modified polyisocyanurate foam in the presence of a hydrocarbon blowing agent using a tolylenediamine-initiated polyether polyol in an amount of between 10 and 40% by weight based on total isocyanate-reactive compounds.

Abstract: Process for preparing rigid polyurethane or urethane-modified polyisocyanurate foam using as blowing agent a mixture containing from 1 to 50 mole % 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane and from 50 to 99 mole % isopentane and/or n-pentane.

Abstract: The invention relates to thermally expandable microspheres comprising a thermoplastic polymer shell and a propellant entrapped therein, wherein said polymer shell is made of a homo- or co-polymer from ethylenically unsaturated monomers comprising more than 85 wt % of nitrile containing monomers and said propellant comprises at least 50 wt % of isooctane. The invention further relates to preparation and use of expandable microspheres, a composition comprising expandable microspheres and articles comprising foamed material containing expanded microspheres.

Abstract: Rigid polyurethane or urethane modified polyisocyanurate foams having improved flame resistance are disclosed. The foams are prepared from a composition containing (a) an isocyanate, (b) an isocyanate reactive composition, (c) a hydrocarbon/water blowing agent and (d) a phosphorus material.

Abstract: Foam blowing agents blends of 5-50 mole % HCFC-22 and 95-50 mole % of n-pentane, i-pentane and/or cyclopentane are provided, as are polyol premixes and polyurethane foam compositions containing such blends.

Abstract: Foam blowing agents blends of 5-50 mole % HCFC-22 and 95-50 mole % of n-pentane, i-pentane and/or cyclopentane are provided, as are polyol premixes and polyurethane foam compositi ons containing such blends.

Abstract: Foam blowing agents blends of 5-50 mole % HCFC-22 and 95-50 mole % of n-pentane, i-pentane and/or cyclopentane are provided, as are polyol premixes and polyurethane foam compositions containing such blends.

Abstract: A method of making a molecularly imprinted porous structure makes use of a surfactant analog of the molecule to be imprinted that has the imprint molecule portion serving as the surfactant headgroup. The surfactant analog is allowed to self-assemble in a mixture to create at least one supramolecular structure having exposed imprint groups. The imprinted porous structure is formed by adding reactive monomers to the mixture and allowing the monomers to polymerize, with the supramolecular structure serving as a template. The resulting solid structure has a shape that is complementary to the shape of the supramolecular structure and has cavities that are the mirror image of the imprint group. Similarly, molecularly imprinted particles may be made by using the surfactant to create a water-in-oil microemulsion wherein the imprint groups are exposed to the water phase.

Abstract: Foam blowing agents blends of 5-50 mole % HCFC-22 and 95-50 mole % of n-pentane, i-pentane and/or cyclopentane are provided, as are polyol premixes and polyurethane foam compositi ons containing such blends.

Abstract: A thermosetting plastic foam solid formed from the reaction product of: (a) either polyisocyanate or isocyanate-based foam; (b) a polyol-based foam; (c) a catalyst which is capable of promoting the thermosetting reaction between the polyisocyanate or isocyanate-based foam and the polyol-based foam; and (d) a blowing agent which comprises a high purity cyclopentane product, wherein the high purity cyclopentane product is about 95% or greater pure cyclopentane, and, optionally, (e) water and/or (f) liquid flame retardant.

Abstract: Closed cell rigid polyurethane foams are produced by reacting a) a polyol component with b) a polyisocyanate having an NCO content of from about 20 to about 48% by weight.

Abstract: A blowing agent composition includes a blowing agent consisting of liquified carbon dioxide and 1,1-difluoroethane, or a mixture consisting of liquid carbon dioxide and at least one other liquid or pressure-liquified component selected from the group consisting of ethers with a total of 2 to 4 carbon atoms; ketones with 3 to 5 carbon atoms; alcohols with 1 to 5 carbon atoms; aliphatic hydrocarbons selected from the group consisting of propane, butane, pentane, hexane, heptane; cyclic hydrocarbons with 3 to 12 carbon atoms; fluorohydrocarbons selected from the group consisting of trifluoromethane, 1,1,1-trifluoroethane, 1,1,2-trifluoroethane, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane and 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane; phosphate esters and phosphonate esters containing three C1-C4-alkyl groups optionally substituted by one or more halogen atoms. The composition comprises 5 to 50% by weight of liquid carbon dioxide.

Abstract: 1,1,1,3,3-Pentafluorobutane forms azeotropic or pseudoazeotropic compositions with alkanes possessing 5 or 6 carbon atoms. These compositions can be used in particular as blowing agents in polymeric cellular foams.

Abstract: A polyester polyol composition comprising a phthalic anhydride-initiated polyester polyol, a C4-C6 hydrocarbon blowing agent, and an alkylene oxide modified silicone glycol compatibilizing agent having an HLB of from about 5 to about 8 is disclosed. The blowing agent is soluble in the polyol composition, thereby reducing the risks associated with such blowing agents in processes for making rigid polymer foam articles and providing rigid foams having good dimensional stability and improved insulation properties. An alkylene oxide and isocyanate modified silicone glycol compatibilizing agent is also disclosed.

Abstract: New, useful and surprisingly effective polymeric triphenylmethane colorant-containing compositions which exhibit very low color degradation within polyurethane foams. Generally during polyurethane foam production, certain amine-based hydroxyl-group containing catalysts deleteriously attack the nitrogen linking groups within triphenylmethane polymeric colorants. Such compositions require the presence of nominal yet effective amounts of organic cyclic ester materials. The ring systems of such materials appear to open during exposure to heat (during the foaming procedure) and release carboxylic acids into the foaming formulation. The tertiary amines become quenched by the carboxylic acids and thus do not exhibit degradation of the TPM-based chromophore. The resultant foams exhibit substantially uniform color throughout. The processes and resultant foams are also contemplated within this invention.

Abstract: This invention provides compositions of 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane, water and at least one hydrocarbon selected from the group consisting of n-pentane, isopentane, cyclopentane and hexane that are environmentally desirable for use as refrigerants, aerosol propellants, metered dose inhalers, blowing agents for polymer foam, heat transfer media, and gaseous dielectrics.

Abstract: Thermally stable rigid foams based on isocyanate can be produced by reacting a) polyisocyanates with b) compounds containing at least two hydrogen atoms which can react with isocyanate groups, c) water, in the presence of d) physically acting blowing agents, in the presence or absence of e) catalysts and auxiliaries and/or additives, wherein the component b) comprises bi) at least one polyether alcohol having a functionality of at least 1.5 and a hydroxyl number of from 10 to 100 mg KOH/g in an amount of from 0.2 to 80% by mass, based on b), and bii)at least one polyester alcohol in an amount of from 5 to 90% by mass, based on b), the water c) is present in an amount of at most 2% by mass, based on the sum of the components b) to e), and the component d) used comprises hydrocarbons and/or fluorine-containing hydrocarbons in an amount of from 5 to 30% by mass, based on the sum of the components b) to e).

Abstract: Process for preparing rigid polyurethane or urethane-modified polyisocyanurate foams comprising the step of reacting an organic polyisocyanate with a polyfunctional isocyanate-reactive component in the presence of a blowing agent mixture comprising from 50 to 90% by weight of cyclopentane and from 10 to 50% by weight of a mixture comprising isopentane and/or n-pentane and isobutane and/or n-butane wherein the weight ratio of isopentane and/or n-pentane over isobutane and/or n-butane is between 5/95 and 95/5.

Abstract: Storage-stable, blowing agent-containing halogen-free emulsions for producing rigid foams based on isocyanate comprise a) compounds containing hydrogen atoms which are reactive toward isocyanate groups, b) water, c) physically acting, halogen-free blowing agents and, if desired, d) auxiliaries and/or additives which are customary in polyurethane chemistry, wherein the component a) comprises polyether alcohols having a functionality of greater than 1.5 and a hydroxyl number of from 10 to 100 mg KOH/g in an amount of from 0.2% by mass to 80% by mass, based on the mass of the component a), and the halogen-free, physically acting blowing agents c) used are hydrocarbons having from 3 to 10 carbon atoms.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to methods for preparing extruded foam products and more particularly to a methods for producing such products with a blowing agent containing 134a and an alcohol.

Abstract: An open-cell polyisocyanurate foam for fixing and supporting plants, which is prepared from an aromatic isocyanate, a hydroxyl compound having an average number of functional groups of 1.0 or above and an oxyethylene content of 20 wt % or above, an isocyanuration catalyst and a silicone foam stabilizer consisting of a polysiloxyane/polyoxyalkylene copolymer wherein the terminal OH group of the polyether segment is capped with a compound not having any other active hydrogen atom and oxyethylene units are contained in an amount of 30 wt % or above, and which exhibits a density of 8 to 70 kg/m3, an open cell content of 98% or above, a hardness of 0.1 to 2.

Abstract: Use as foaming agents having a low environmental impact of azeotropic or near azeotropic compositions using difluoromethoxy-bis(difluoromethyl ether) and/or 1-difluroromethoxy-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl difluoromethyl ether.

Abstract: A process for producing a rigid foam based on isocyanate comprises reacting an organic and/or modified organic polyisocyanate with a polyol composition and, optionally, a relatively low molecular weight chain extender or crosslinker in the presence of a catalyst, and, optionally, further auxiliaries and/or additives, wherein the polyol composition comprises a phthalic anhydride-initiated polyester polyol, a blowing agent comprising C4-C6 hydrocarbon, and a fatty acid or fatty alcohol ethoxylate compatibilizing agent. The blowing agent is soluble in the polyol composition, thereby reducing the risks associated with such blowing agents in processes for making rigid polymer foam articles and providing rigid foams having good dimensional stability and improved insulation properties.

Abstract: An improved process is provided for the preparation of siloxane-oxyalkylene and siloxane-alkyl copolymer compositions via a hydrosilation reaction in the presence of high boiling point natural vegetable oils as the reaction solvent. The reaction solvent need not be removed from the block copolymer product, and indeed is beneficial to remain with the copolymer particularly when the copolymer is used as a surfactant for polyurethane foam formulations. Soybean oil and linseed oil are the preferred high boiling natural oil solvents when the copolymer product is to be used in the preparation of the surfactants for polyurethane foams. High resiliency polyurethane foam prepared with these natural oils present in the surfactant preparation afforded improved compression sets, wet compression sets and humid aged compression sets.

Abstract: An isocyanate-reactive composition containing a blowing agent that is generally a gas at ambient temperature and pressure which is storage stable is produced by including a phenol or alkylphenol having at least one phenolic hydroxyl group in the isocyanate-reactive composition in an amount sufficient to promote the solubility of the blowing agent. The isocyanate-reactive composition may be stored at ambient conditions rather than under pressure. The isocyanate-reactive composition containing blowing agent may be used to produce foams having good physical properties after storage at ambient temperature and pressure for periods as long as 3 months.

Abstract: The invention provides a liquid polyisocyanate prepolymer composition which is a result of combining about 50.0 to 90.0 percent by weight of an isocyanate blend (a.) having 55.0 to 75.0 weight percent 4,4′-MDI, 17.0 to 27.0 weight percent 2,4′-MDI, 1.0 to 10.0 weight percent 3-ring MDI oligomer, and 1.0 to 15.0 weight percent n-ring MDI oligomer (n greater than 3); about 5.0 to 30.0 weight percent of a polyhydroxy containing polyol (b.) having a molecular weight of from 700 to about 6,000; and about 15.0 to 75.0 weight percent of a toluene diisocyanate (c.). The resulting isocyanate prepolymer composition has a free NCO content of from about 30.0 to 45.0 weight percent and particularly desirable flow characteristics. The invention further provides a method of making an isocyanate prepolymer composition, a process of making a polyurethane foam utilizing the isocyanate prepolymer composition of the invention, and polyurethane foams produced by the disclosed process.

Abstract: A closed-cell polymeric foam is provided which is formed using oil-containing furnace black as an insulation enhancer. Other foam properties (for example, cell sizes, densities, limiting oxygen index performance) are similar to those obtained with the use of thermal blacks.

Abstract: Provided herein are subcombinations from which polyurethane foams and polyurethane foams containing polyisocyanurates may be prepared. The subcombinations are unique in that they contain components which synergistically act towards promoting compatibility between a blowing agent and the remaining components of the formulation. Through the use of the teachings herein, blowing agent concentrations in excess of 25% by weight of the total subcombination may be incorporated.

Abstract: Rigid polyurethane foams are prepared from an isocyanate composition containing diphenylmethane diisocyanate, three ring oligomers of polyphenylene polymethylene polyisocyanate and higher homologues of polyphenylene polymethylene polyisocyanate.

Abstract: An isocyanate-based rigid foam comprising the reaction product of an organic and/or modified organic polyisocyanate, a resin blend and, optionally, a relatively low molecular weight chain extender or crosslinker in the presence of a catalyst, and, optionally, further auxiliaries and/or additives, wherein the resin blend comprises a phthalic anhydride-initiated polyester polyol, a blowing agent comprising a C4-C6 hydrocarbon, and a fatty acid or fatty alcohol ethoxylate compatibilizing agent. The blowing agent is soluble in the polyol composition, thereby reducing the risks associated with such blowing agents in processes for making rigid polymer foam articles and providing rigid foams having good dimensional stability and improved insulation properties.

Abstract: A method for preparing a polyurethane flexible molded by reacting an organic polyisocyanate with a polyol in the presence of urethane catalyst, water as a blowing agent, optionally a cell opener, and a silicone surfactant cell stabilizer having the formula: Me3Si(OSiMe2)x(OSiMeG)yOSiMe3 wherein x has an average value from 1 to 4.5 and y has an average value from 0.75 to 7.5, the value of x/y is from 0.25 to 5 and the value of x+y is from greater than 5 to 9, G is a group having the formula —D(OR″)mA where D is a divalent organic linking radical, R″ is an alkylene group, m has an average value from 1 to 5, and A denotes an —OR′″ or an —OOCR′″ group, where R′″ is selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, and a combination of methyl and ethyl.

Abstract: A method for preparing a polyurethane flexible foam which comprises reacting an organic polyisocyanate with a polyol in the presence of urethane catalyst, water as a blowing agent, optionally a cell opener, and a polydimethylsiloxane cell stabilizer composition which comprises at least 90 wt % of polydimethylsiloxane molecules having the formula: Me3Si(OSiMe2)nOSiMe3 where n is 5 to 7, provided at least 15 wt % of each of the three molecules in which n is 5, 6 and 7 is present.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for preparing flexible to semi-rigid polyurethane moulded items with compacted edge zones with given hardness and a much more flexible cellular core, so-called integral foams, in which physical blowing agents from the set comprising C6 hydrocarbons are used.

Abstract: Disclosed is an extruded, dimensionally stable, closed cell alkenyl aromatic polymer foam. The foam comprises an alkenyl aromatic polymer material greater than 50 percent by weight of alkenyl aromatic monomeric units. The foam has a density of about 16 to about 64 kilograms per cubic meter. The foam has a thickness in cross section of 15 millimeters or more. The foam has a blowing agent composition comprising a primary blowing agent of about 70 to about 95 weight percent 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane and a secondary blowing agent comprising about 30 to about 5 weight percent based upon the total moles of the blowing agent composition. The secondary blowing agent being selected from the group consisting essentially of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, argon, and water. Further disclosed is a process for making the foam.