Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for flatproofing a tire and wheel assembly with a flexible, lightweight foam-fill by supplying at least two polyurethane reactive materials to a static mixer. The static mixer mixes the reactants, and a nucleating gas is supplied to the mixed reactants in the static mixer to form a liquid reactant mixture with entrained gas. The reactant mixture is injected into the tire and wheel assembly where the mixture reacts and foams replacing the air in the tire with a flexible, lightweight semi-open cell foam-fill. The foam-filled tire and wheel assembly is then allowed to cure.

Abstract: The selection of additives to improve the solubility of blowing agents may be facilitated by using a method that involves determining and comparing the activity coefficients of prospective additives to the activity coefficients of candidate blowing agents in a given base polymer for producing a polymeric foam article. The method for the selection of an additive may comprise selecting a representative compound for the base polymer and determining a first activity coefficient for a blowing agent in the representative compound. Also selected are several candidate additives, each having a different functional group, and determining a second activity coefficient for the blowing agent in each of the candidate additives. Among the candidate additives is selected the additive, wherein the second activity coefficient is lower than the first activity coefficient. The method may be incorporated into a process for forming polymeric foams and the manufacture of a polymeric foam.

Abstract: Foam blowing agent blends of trans-1,2-dichloroethylene and one or more pentanes are provided, as are polyol premixes and foam compositions containing such blends. The resulting foams exhibit dramatic improvement in fire resistance.

Abstract: Disclosed is a composition for preparing a rigid polyurethane foam having a good demolding property by defining polyol component and catalyst component. The polyol component comprises 40˜60 wt. % of polyol obtained by polymerization with an organic oxide using sorbitol as an initiator, 5˜10 wt. % of polyol obtained by polymerization with an organic oxide using ethylene diamine as an initiator, 20˜30 wt. % of polyol obtained by polymerization with an organic oxide using toluene diamine or toluene diamine and triethanol amine as a single or a complex initiator, and, optionally, 5˜20 wt. % of multivalent polyol of an ester structure, and the catalyst component is chosen in a group comprising a foaming catalyst, a gelling catalyst, a trimerization catalyst, a mixed form of the foaming catalyst and the gelling catalyst, and compound thereof.

Abstract: Rigid polyurethane blowing agent enhancers, methods for using them, and the products produced by these methods are disclosed. The enhancers are low molecular weight alcohols and/or ethers that assist the action of blowing agents comprising a hydrohalocarbon compound.

Abstract: A method of making a one-container foam by dissolving a polymer in liquified gas at a pressure greater than the vapor pressure of the liquified gas and than rapidly decreasing the pressure within approximately 60 seconds to foam a foam. The foam can be rigid and also have adhesive properties. The liquified gas used is CF3l or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: Raw materials for anti-cracking polyurethane foams comprises: a mixed polyol 100 weight parts; an isocyanate 140˜180 weight parts; a catalyst 1.0˜3.0 weight parts; water 1˜2.5 weight parts; a foam blowing agent 30.0˜35.0 weight parts; and an additive 1.0˜3.0 weight parts, and a preparation method thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition for flame-retardant flexible polyurethane foam comprising: (i) a polyol component; (ii) a polyisocyanate component; (iii) a halogen-free phosphate ester that meets the following conditions (a) to (d), and that contains at least one alcoholic hydroxyl group: (a) an acid value of 2 KOHmg/g or less, (b) a viscosity of 5 Pa·s or less at 25° C., (c) a hydroxyl value of 5 to 250 KOHmg/g, and (d) a weight average molecular weight of 200 to 2000; (iv) a tertiary amine carboxylate; (v) a silicone foam stabilizer; and (vi) a blowing agent. The composition for flame-retardant flexible polyurethane foam of the present invention can give a flexible polyurethane foam that has satisfactory flame retardant properties, as well as excellent properties such as better heat resistance, fogging resistance and scorch resistance and extremely low compression strain.

Abstract: The present invention provides a high support (HS) and high support-high resilience (HS-HR) flexible polyurethane foams prepared by catalyzed reaction of one or more di- or polyisocyanates at an isocyanate index from about 70 to about 130 with: (a) a polyoxyalkylene polyol or polyoxyalkylene polyol blend having an average hydroxyl weight of at least about 1000 and an average primary hydroxyl content of at least about 25%; and (b) an effective amount of a blowing agent containing water; in the presence of from about 0.01 to about 0.5% parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of said polyol component of a liquid hydrocarbon containing greater than 50% of polymerized butadiene. The high support (HS) and high support-high resilience (HS-HR) flexible polyurethane foams of the present invention have a reduced force to crush (FTC).

Abstract: The method of the present invention for producing a urethane-based thermoplastic elastomer composition foam comprises the steps of: adding and mixing 0.1 to 30 parts by weight of carbon dioxide (B) to 100 parts by weight of a urethane-based thermoplastic elastomer composition (A) in a molten state, wherein said urethane-based thermoplastic elastomer composition (A) comprises a urethane-based thermoplastic elastomer (A-1) and other thermoplastic elastomer (A-2) in an (A-1)/(A-2) ratio of 20/80 to 99/1 by weight, to form a molten urethane-based thermoplastic elastomer composition (C) which is in a state of a mixture of the urethane-based thermoplastic elastomer composition (A) and the carbon dioxide (B) (gas dissolving step); and lowering a temperature of said molten urethane-based thermoplastic elastomer composition (C) (cooling step).

Abstract: In the process of the present invention, an organic polyisocyanate is reacted with a sorbitol-based polyether polyol having a number average molecular weight of from about 400 to about 1500, in the presence of a pentafluoropropane blowing agent, and a catalyst.

Abstract: Refrigerant compositions include mixtures of difluoromethane and isobutane, butane, propylene or cyclopropane; pentafluoroethane and propylene or cyclopropane; 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane and propane; 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane and cyclopropane; 1,1,1-trifluoroethane and DME or propylene; 1,1-difluoroethane and propane, isobutane, butane or cyclopropane; fluoroethane and propane or cyclopropane; 1,1,1,2,2,3,3-heptafluoropropane and butane, cyclopropane, DME, isobutane or propane; or 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane and butane, cyclopropane, isobutane or propane.

Abstract: The subject invention provides a viscoelastic polyurethane foam being flame retardant and having a density of greater than two and a half pounds per cubic foot that comprises a reaction product of an isocyanate component, an isocyanate-reactive blend, and a chain extender. The isocyanate-reactive blend includes a first isocyanate-reactive component and a second isocyanate-reactive component. The first isocyanate-reactive component includes at least 60 parts by weight of ethylene oxide (EO) based on 100 parts by weight of the first isocyanate-reactive component and the second isocyanate-reactive component includes at most 30 parts by weight of EO based on 100 parts by weight of the second isocyanate-reactive component. The chain extender is reactive with the isocyanate component and has a backbone chain with from two to eight carbon atoms and is present in an amount of from 5 to 50 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the foam.

Abstract: The use to e of tetrafluoropropenes, particularly (HFO-1234) in a variety of applications, including refrigeration equipment, is disclosed. These materials are generally useful as refrigerants for heating and cooling, as blowing agents, as aerosol propellants, as solvent composition, and as fire extinguishing and suppressing agents.

Abstract: The invention relates to foam having an apparent density of less than 100 kg/m3, in which water is predominantly used as the blowing agent, and to products that contain such foams. The mentioned foams have a large proportion of open cells (>80%).

Abstract: A process for preparing a polyurethane foam is provided which comprises reacting a polyisocyanate and an active hydrogen-containing component, including water and an organic polyol, in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of a delayed action amine catalyst system, and optionally an organotin catalyst. The delayed action catalyst is composed of the reaction product of (a) one or more carboxylic acids having hydroxy and/or halo functionality; (b) one or more tertiary amine ureas; and, optionally, (c) a reactant selected from the group consisting of specific reactive tertiary amine(s), specific tertiary amine carbamate(s) and mixture thereof.

Abstract: A foamed thermoplastic resin sheet has a foaming ratio of not less than 2.5, and cells, existing in an interior part which extends inward from a depth of 20 percent a whole thickness of the sheet from the front and rear surfaces thereof respectively in a thickness direction thereof and from 15 percent a width of the sheet from both side edges respectively, satisfy the following expressions (1) and (2): 0.5≦D/C≦0.9  (1) 0.5≦E/C≦0.9  (2) where C represents a mean cell diameter in the thickness direction of the foamed thermoplastic resin sheet, D represents a mean cell diameter in an extrusion direction (MD) of the same, and E represents a mean cell diameter in the width direction (TD) of the same. The foamed thermoplastic resin sheet thus arranged has a high foaming ratio, and is formed thick.

Abstract: The polyisocyanate polyaddition products comprise hydrophobic compounds plus at least one further compound selected from the group consisting of: (i) organic, cyclic compounds having a molecular weight of from 200 to 3000 g/mol, (ii) salts of metals of transition groups I, II and/or VIII, (iii) organic and/or inorganic acid anhydrides, (iv) cyclic sulfonic esters and/or sulfones, (v) lactones, lactams and/or cyclic esters and/or (vi) &agr;,&bgr;-unsaturated carboxylic acids, &agr;,&bgr;-unsaturated carboxylic acid derivatives, &agr;,&bgr;-unsaturated ketones and/or &agr;,&bgr;-unsaturated aldehydes.

Abstract: A method for improving the processability of foam premixes containing HFC and/or pentane-based blowing agents in polyols is provided, which method comprises adding trans-1,2-dichloroethylene to said premix in an amount effective to enhance said processability.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions comprising an HFC component and a non-HFC component consisting essentially of methanol, having boiling points that are unexpectedly low and relatively constant, and uses thereof.

Abstract: Prepare a multimodal thermoplastic polymer foam having a distribution of large and small cells in a substantial absence of water by using a blowing agent stabilizer. Multimodal foams of the present invention have blowing agent stabilizer predominantly located proximate to large cells. The resulting multimodal foams have particular utility as thermal insulating materials.

Abstract: Disclosed are compositions comprising 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane, 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane and water, said compositions are environmentally desirable for use as blowing agents for polymer foam, refrigerants, aerosol propellants, metered dose inhalers, heat transfer media, and gaseous dielectrics.

Abstract: A process for producing a finely cellular polyurethane foam by mixing a first ingredient comprising an isocyanate compound and a second ingredient comprising a compound containing an active hydrogen group, characterized by comprising adding a nonionic silicone surfactant containing no hydroxyl group to at least one of the first ingredient and the second ingredient in an amount of 0.1 to 5 wt %, excluding 5 wt %, based on the total amount of the first ingredient and the second ingredient, subsequently agitating the surfactant containing ingredient together with an unreactive gas, which has no reactivity to isocyanate group or active hydrogen group, to disperse the unreactive gas as fine bubbles to prepare a bubble dispersion and then mixing the bubble dispersion with the remaining ingredient to cure the resultant mixture and forming finely cellular structure into the resultant polyurethane foam by the fine bubbles of the bubble dispersion.

Abstract: A method for producing a rigid polyurethane foam, which comprises reacting a polyol with a polyisocyanate in the presence of an amine catalyst and a blowing agent, wherein as the amine catalyst, at least one amine compound having at least one type of substituent selected from the group consisting of a hydroxyl group, a primary amino group and a secondary amino group in its molecule, or N-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)-N′-methylpiperazine, is used, and as the blowing agent, 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane (HFC-245fa) and/or 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane (HFC-365mfc) is used.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions comprising an HFC component and a non-HFC component consisting essentially of methanol, having boiling points that are unexpectedly low and relatively constant, and uses thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of rigid foams comprising reacting a polyisocyanate component with an isocyanate-reactive component in the present of a blowing agent. Suitable isocyanate-reactive components for the presently claimed invention comprises polyether polyols having an OH number of from 200 to 800 and containing from 3 to 8 hydroxyl groups wherein the level of alkalinity present in the polyether polyol is equivalent to a hydroxide ion level of from about 0.006% to about 0.21% by weight.

Abstract: The invention is directed to polyurethane foam shoe soles containing an additive comprising a mixture of polyethylene wax and PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene), and to polyol components containing the additive. The additive is produced to include the mixture at a density from greater than 0.97 to about 1.1 times the density of the polyol component.

Abstract: It has been found that non-chlorinated pentafluorobutane blowing agents may be used alone or in combination with water in flexible integral skin foams. For example, foams prepared using 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane (HFC 365mfc) alone or in combination with water or other non-cholorinated hydrocarbons such as heptafluoropropane exhibit improved physical characteristics, such as resistance to abrasion and cracking, on flex comparable to conventional chlorinated fluorocarbon blown foam.

Abstract: A flexible polyurethane foam, wherein in a load (N)-deflection (mm) loop obtained by a load test of the flexible polyurethane foam, the X value as calculated from the formula (1) is at most 4.

Abstract: Use as foaming agents having a low environmental impact of azeotropic or near azeotropic compositions using difluoromethoxy-bis(difluoromethyl ether) and/or 1-difluoromethoxy-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl difluoromethyl ether.

Abstract: A prepolymer composition for producing polyurethane insulating foams with fire-retardant properties from pressure tanks which consists of a prepolymer component with at least one PU prepolymer with a content of NCO groups of 4 to 20 wt % and usual additives, as well as a propellant component, wherein the prepolymer component is substantially halogenfree and has 5 to 40 wt %, based on the prepolymer component, of softening phosphates and/or phosphonates with the formulae O═P(OR3 and O═P(OR)2R.

Abstract: A method of preparing a rigid polyurethane foam having improved thermal conductivity, and a composition for such rigid polyurethane foam is provided. In the preparation a rigid polyurethane foam from a composition comprising an aromatic polyisocyanate, a polyol, a blowing agent, a catalyst, a surfactant and other aids, the blowing agent is a blend of cyclopentane and water, and the polyol contains a polyether polyol prepared by addition-polymerizing an alkylene oxide to o-toluenediamine as an initiator.

Abstract: A polyol composition containing a polyester polyol, at least 5 weight % of a compatibilizing agent, based on the weight of the polyol and compatibilizing agent, and a hydrocarbon blowing agent. The compatibilizing agent is one or a combination of a benzoate glycol adduct, a substituted benzoate glycol adduct, a naphthenate glycol adduct, a substituted naphthenate glycol adduct, a toluate glycol adduct, or a substituted toluate glycol adduct. The hydrocarbon blowing agent is selected from cyclopentane, isopentane, n-pentane, 2-chloropropane; 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a); 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane (HFC-245fa); and n-propylbromide, or mixtures thereof. The compatibilizing agent improves the miscibility of conventional polyester polyols with hydrocarbon blowing agents. The polyol composition can be reacted with a polyisocyanate to form a foam.

Abstract: This invention provides azeotrope-like compositions of 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane and water that are environmentally desirable for use as refrigerants, aerosol propellants, metered dose inhalers, blowing agents for polymer foam, heat transfer media, and gaseous dielectrics.

Abstract: This invention relates to compositions of cyclopentane, and a compound selected from the group consisting of hydrofluorocarbons, hydrofluoroethers, or fluorinated sulfur compounds. Specifically these compounds may be selected from the group consisting of tetrafluoroethane, hexafluoropropane, pentafluoropropane, tetrafluoropropane, trifluoropropane, difluoropropane, octafluorobutane, hexafluorobutane, pentafluorobutane, nonafluorobutane, difluorobutane, trifluoro-2-methoxyethane and bis(pentafluoroethyl)sulfide. The compositions, which may be azeotropic or azeotrope-like, may be used as refrigerants, cleaning agents, expansion agents for polyolefins and polyurethanes, aerosol propellants, refrigerants, heat transfer media, gaseous dielectrics, fire extinguishing agents, power cycle working fluids, polymerization media, particulate removal fluids, carrier fluids, buffing abrasive agents or displacement drying agents.

Abstract: The present invention is a polyurethane foam comprising the reaction product of a first reactant comprised of a polyisocyanate having an average isocyanate functionality of at least 2 and a second reactant comprised of a low molecular weight compound that has at least two to, at most, three groups containing an active hydrogen and water, wherein the reaction product is formed essentially in the absence of a cross-linking polyol and the polyurethane foam is substantially rigid. The invention is also a method of forming the polyurethane foam by contacting the first and second reactant for a time and temperature sufficient to form the foam.

Abstract: A method of making a molecularly imprinted porous structure makes use of a surfactant analog of the molecule to be imprinted that has the imprint molecule portion serving as the surfactant headgroup. The surfactant analog is allowed to self-assemble in a mixture to create at least one supramolecular structure having exposed imprint groups. The imprinted porous structure is formed by adding reactive monomers to the mixture and allowing the monomers to polymerize, with the supramolecular structure serving as a template. The resulting solid structure has a shape that is complementary to the shape of the supramolecular structure and has cavities that are the mirror image of the imprint group. Similarly, molecularly imprinted particles may be made by using the surfactant to create a water-in-oil microemulsion wherein the imprint groups are exposed to the water phase.

Abstract: Foam blowing agent blends of trans-1,2-dichloroethylene and one or more pentanes are provided, as are polyol premixes and foam compositions containing such blends. The resulting foams exhibit dramatic improvement in fire resistance.

Abstract: Silicone surfactants for use in inert gas blown polyurethane foams comprise low to moderate molecular weight comb-type flame-retardant silicone copolymers possessing no high ethylene oxide content branches. The silicone surfactants yield Dissolved Gas Technology foams having improved consistency as compared to other surfactant compositions.

Abstract: A polyurethane foam or elastomer comprises an organic polyisocyanate component, an active hydrogen-containing component reactive with the polyisocyanate component, wherein the viscosity of this component is less than about 500 cP at room temperature, a catalyst component, a surfactant, and a flame retarding composition. The components may be low VOC. A preferred flame retarding composition comprises an antimony-based compound, a halogenated, active hydrogen-containing component reactive with the polyisocyanate component, and a halogenated flame-retarding agent. Such polyurethanes are useful as gaskets, seals, padding, in automotive applications, and the like.

Abstract: A process for producing a flexible polyurethane foam satisfying low resilience, high vibration absorption and high durability, is presented. A mixture comprising from 95 to 50 mass % of a polyoxyalkylene polyol produced by means of an alkali metal catalyst and from 5 to 50 mass % of a polyoxyalkylene polyol produced by means of a double metal cyanide complex catalyst, is reacted with a polyisocyanate compound in the presence of a catalyst and a blowing agent, to produce a flexible polyurethane foam having a resonance frequency of at most 3.7 Hz, a resonance ratio of at most 3.5 and an impact resilience of at most 70%.

Abstract: A composition useful as a blowing agent having no flash point or reduced combustibility comprising 2-chloropropane and a gas selected from the group consisting of a fluorohydrocarbon, perfluorocarbons, fluoroethers, hydrofluoropolyethers and mixtures thereof is disclosed. A polyisocyanurate foam or a polyurethane modified polyisocyanurate foam having a mainly closed cell structure and also a method for preparing this foam, the latter comprising closed cells wherein a foam blowing agent consisting of a mixture of 2-chloropropane and one or more HFC compounds including pentafluoropropane, pentafluorobutane, heptafluoropropane, hexafluoropropane or pentafluoroethane are disclosed. Pentanes can be added if desired. Azeotropic mixtures in which 2-chloropropane is an ingredient are disclosed.

Abstract: Rigid foams having excellent compression strength, dimensional stability, flame retardance and adhesion are produced by reacting an active hydrogen compound having at least two functionalities with a polyisocyanate compound in the presence of a catalyst and a blowing agent comprising either water alone or a mixture of water and a low boiling compound, wherein (1) the polyisocyanate compound is a prepolymer obtained by reacting a polymeric MDI with 5 to 30% by weight, based on the polymeric MDI, of a polyether polyol and/or polyester polyol having a hydroxyl value of at most 100 mg KOH/g, and (2) the number of isocyanate groups in the polyisocyanate compound is at least 1.5 times by mole as large as the number of active hydrogen atoms in the active hydrogen compound and water.

Abstract: This invention provides azeotrope-like compositions of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane-245fa and water that are environmentally desirable for use as refrigerants, aerosol propellants, metered dose inhalers, blowing agents for polymer foam, heat transfer media, and gaseous dielectrics.

Abstract: This invention provides azeotrope-like compositions of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane-245fa and 2-methylbutane that are environmentally desirable for use as refrigerants, aerosol propellants, metered dose inhalers, blowing agents for polymer foam, heat transfer media, and gaseous dielectrics.

Abstract: A process for producing a rigid polyurethane foam provides a rigid polyurethane foam having a closed-cell size of about 80-130 &mgr;m and thus, improved heat insulating properties.

Abstract: This invention relates to flame-laminable polyurethane block foams having high peel strength, a process for their production and the use thereof for textile lamination.

Abstract: Composition that can be used as a polymer blowing agent, comprising from 60 to 98% of HFC-134a and from 2 to 40% of cyclopentane; polymeric composition comprising it, and process for manufacturing an expanded polymer using it.

Abstract: A thermosetting plastic foam solid formed from the reaction product of: (a) either polyisocyanate or isocyanate-based foam; (b) a polyol-based foam; (c) a catalyst which is capable of promoting the thermosetting reaction between the polyisocyanate or isocyanate-based foam and the polyol-based foam; and (d) a blowing agent which comprises a high purity cyclopentane product, wherein the high purity cyclopentane product is about 95% or greater pure cyclopentane, and, optionally, (e) water and/or (f) liquid flame retardant.

Abstract: Azeotrope-like compositions of 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane and at least one hydrocarbon selected from the group n-pentane, iso-pentane, cyclopentane, n-hexane and iso-hexane are provided. The compositions of the invention are useful in the preparation of polyurethane and polyisocyanurate foams.