Abstract: The present invention provides a composition for a soft urethane foam to prepare a soft urethane foam, comprising a polyol, and a foamed soft urethane foam using the same, wherein the polyol is any one selected from among a hydrocarbon polyol, a vegetable oil, and a vegetable-oil-derived dimer acid, or a mixture of a hydrocarbon polyol with any one selected from among a vegetable oil and a vegetable-oil-derived dimer acid. The present invention provides an impregnation material for impregnation of a cosmetic composition, which can control the polarity of the impregnation material for impregnating a hydrophilic cosmetic composition, and an impregnation-use urethane foam composition for preparing the same.

Abstract: A seat support and a method for obtaining same includes a support body made from polymeric materials derived from castor oil, a padding positioned on said body, and a coating that covers the padding. The padding includes at least one layer of foam made at least in part from a component derived from renewable sources and/or of natural origin like palm oil, castor oil, soybean oil, colza oil, or in general a vegetable oil, and it can include a layer and/or insert made from gel obtained by adding in dispersion with a polyolic and or isocyanic component, possible particles of cork and possible compatibilizing agents to maintain the continuity of the polymeric characteristics with the coating and promote sticking. The coating includes a polymer formed from castor oil. The seat support according to the present invention is therefore environmentally-friendly, biodegradable, easy to recycle and/or dispose of.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing polyurethanes by reacting a) polyisocyanates with b) compounds having at least two hydrogen atoms which are reactive toward isocyanate groups, wherein the compounds b) having at least two hydrogen atoms which are reactive toward isocyanate groups comprise at least one polyether alcohol b1) which has been prepared by reaction of an aromatic amine b1a) with propylene oxide using an amine b1b) which is different from b1a) as catalyst.

Abstract: A structural three dimensional nanocomposite with improved mechanical properties is provided. The structural three dimensional nanocomposite includes (a) spherical shaped nanoparticles, (b) a matrix, and (c) an inter phase structure. The matrix may be selected from at least one of (a) polymer matrix, and (b) a nano metal matrix. The spherical shaped nanoparticles are reinforced with the matrix. The spherical shaped nanoparticles are uniformly distributed throughout the matrix. The inter phase structure transfers stress from the matrix to obtain the spherical shaped nanoparticles with improved mechanical properties. The structural three dimensional nanocomposite have high and equal mechanical strength in three dimensions when the structural three dimensional nanocomposite is at least one of (a) volume compressive stress condition, and (b) volume expansive stress condition.

Abstract: A catalyst system which is suitable for catalyzing the production of polyurethane systems is provided. The catalyst system contains a metal salt of a carboxylic acid to whose carbonyl carbon a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon radical is bound, with the proviso that the carboxylic acid does not have exclusively a single ethyl or n-propyl branch in the 2 position.

Abstract: A process for producing porous aerogels or xerogels includes a reaction of at least one polyfunctional isocyanate with an amine component. The amine component includes at least one polyfunctional substituted aromatic amine. The reaction is in the presence of a solvent and a catalyst. Aerogels and xerogels that can be obtained in this way can be used as insulation material and in vacuum insulation panels.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing polyether alcohols by reacting a) aromatic amines with b) alkylene oxides in the presence of c) a catalyst, wherein the alkylene oxide b) comprises at least 90% by weight, based on the weight of the component b), of propylene oxide and an amine is used as catalyst c).

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing polyether alcohols, which comprises the steps a) reaction of an unsaturated natural oil or fat with a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, b) reaction of the mixture from step a) with hydrogen, c) reaction of the product from step b) with an alkylene oxide in the presence of a catalyst.

Abstract: Provided is a strength-improving agent for the production of polyurethane foam, said agent enabling the production of a polyurethane foam having high tensile strength, tear strength and compressive strength.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a polyhydroxy ketal adduct obtained by the esterification of a hydrocarbon polyol by at least 1.5 equivalents of a ketocarboxy to produce an intermediate ketocarboxylic ester. The intermediate polyketocarboxylic ester is then ketalized to produce the polyhydroxyketal adduct, which can be used to provide a polymeric composition.

Abstract: The invention relates to the surprising and unexpected discovery that a sub-group of phenolic resins (i.e., those which are substantially completely free of ether moieties) is particularly advantageous to confer load building properties to an isocyanate-based foam (e.g., a polyurethane foam). Indeed, its possible to utilize the sub-group of phenolic resins to partially or fully displace copolymer polyols conventionally used to confer load building characteristics to isocyanate-based polymer foams. Further, the invention relates to the surprising and unexpected discovery that a sub-group of phenolic resins (i.e., those which are substantially completely free of ether moieties) is particularly advantageous to confer energy absorption properties in an isocyanate-based foam.

Abstract: A method of producing three dimensional polyurethane shapes by spray molding a quasi-gel like polymer precursor composition that is first mixed and then sprayed by a spray gun. The spray coating of quasi-gel polymer precursor composition subsequently cures to form a molded polyurethane polymer shape. Such artificial three dimensional shapes may include rocks, rock walls or faces, tree stumps or limbs, animals, architectural features or settings in which a certain visual appearance is desired.

Abstract: A method for preparing a flexible polyurethane foam by reacting an organic polyisocyanate with a polyol in the presence of urethane catalyst, water as a blowing agent, optionally a silicone surfactant, and a cell opener characterized in that the cell opener comprises an active methylene- or methine-group containing compound.

Abstract: Process for making polyisocyanate based xerogels by trimerisation of an organic polyisocyanate in an organic solvent in the presence of a (co)polymer containing an isocyanate-reactive group, gellation and drying of the obtained sol-gel.

Abstract: Process for making polyisocyanate based aerogels by trimerisation of an organic polyisocyanate in an organic solvent in the presence of a (co)polymer containing an isocyanate-reactive group, gellation and supercritically drying of the obtained sol-gel.

Abstract: Premixes intended for the preparation of polyurethane or polyisocyanurate foams comprising at least one polyol, at least one hydrofluoroalkane corresponding to the general formula CF.sub.3 --CR.sup.1 R.sup.2 --CF.sub.2 --R.sup.3, where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 represent, independently, a hydrogen atom or an optionally fluorinated C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkyl group and where R.sup.3 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and at least one stabilizer chosen from nitroalkanes, diketones, alkaline-earth metal salts and brominated compounds.

Abstract: The invention forms in situ carbon dioxide blown closed cell insulating foams in which blowing is achieved by the evolution of carbon dioxide resulting from partial hydrolysis of polyisocyanate (methyl diphenyl diisocyanate) by water in the resole. The invention uses no additional blowing agent. The reaction is fast and the resulting product has small, closed cells that exhibit long term thermal performance.

Abstract: In the production of a flame resistant, halogen-free polyurethane/polyurea from a polyisocyanate and polyol, wherein to the mixture of polyisocyanate and polyol there is added an amine adduct of an acidic metal salt of the formulaA.sub.1-3 B.sub.0-12 P.sub.3-9 N.sub.4-12 M.sub.0-9 xH.sub.2 O(I),in whichA denotes at least one hydroxide or oxide of a metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, magnesium, calcium and zinc,B denotes o-boric acid,P denotes an acid containing phosphorus,N denotes at least one of an amine or ammonia,M denotes an alkali metal hydroxide andx denotes an integer from 0 to 90.The products are especially flame resistant foams.

Abstract: The invention relates to pressurized, blowing-agent-containing isocyanate semiprepolymer mixtures, advantageously having an isocyanate content of from 5 to 25% by weight, based on organic polyisocyanates and polyhydroxyl compounds which are used in combination with a linear, branched or cyclic, saturated or olefinically unsaturated monoalcohol having 1 to 25 carbon atoms and/or hydroxyketones, preferably .beta.-hydroxyketones, the use thereof for the production of one-component polyurethane foams by allowing the isocyanate semiprepolymer mixtures to depressurize, and a process therefor.

Abstract: Provided is a composition for making a foam including a reactive phenolic resin, urea, and an isocyanate. Also provided is a method for making the foam and a foam made from the composition.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of cellular polymeric products which comprises reacting an organic polyisocyanate with an isocyanate-reactive composition, characterised in that the isocyanate-reactive composition comprises a blowing promoter which is a cyclic urea compound having at least one isocyanate-reactive substituent.

Abstract: N-Methylol derivatives of polycondensation products containing quaternary N atoms obtained fromA) basic ureas of the formulaHN(R.sup.1)--C--N(R.sup.2)--X.sup.1 --N(R.sup.3, R.sup.4) (I),B) polyamines of the formula(R.sup.6, R.sup.7)N--X.sup.2 --N(R.sup.8, R.sup.9) (II)andC) bifunctional alkylating agents,in whichX.sup.1, X.sup.2 and R.sup.1 -R.sup.9 have the meanings given in the description, are new. They are used as agents for improving the wet fastness properties of dyeings on cellulose and cellulose blend fabrics.

Abstract: The present invention provides:a melamine resin foam obtained by foaming a resin composition comprising a melamine/formaldehyde condensate, a blowing agent and an isocyanate,a process for producing the above melamine resin foam, which comprises foaming a resin composition comprising a melamine/formaldehyde condensate, a blowing agent and an isocyanate, anda melamine/formaldehyde condensate used in the production of the above melamine resin foam, which is obtained by reacting melamine and formaldehyde in the presence of a silane coupling agent.The melamine resin foam of the present invention is free from the problems of the prior art, has solved the problem of fragility without impairing the good flame retardancy and low thermal conductivity inherently possessed by melamine resin foams, and causes no danger during the production.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of a foamed product in which a reactive phenolic resin is mixed with urea and an isocyanate, and this mixture is then mixed with an acid catalyst. The phenolic resin polymerizes, thereby liberating water and formaldehyde. The water reacts with the isocyanate to liberate carbon dioxide and the formaldehyde reacts with the urea. As the phenolic resin polymerizes, it traps the carbon dioxide in bubbles, thereby forming a foamed product.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a process for the preparation of a reaction injection molded elastomer comprising injecting a reaction mixture into a closed mold via a RIM machine, with the ratio of components being such that the isocyanate index is from about 70 to about 130, said reaction mixture comprising (a) an organic di- and/or polyisocyanate, (b) an amine terminated chain extender, and (c) a compound which is derived from the reaction of a polyfunctional acetoacetic acid ester and an aliphatic amine having amino groups of different reactivity.

Abstract: A method of producing elastic foam having a base of polyurethane, in particular for use in the field of automobiles for sound damping. Allows production of foam parts directly in a desired shape in as few operations as possible. The foam is formed from a mixture of at least one polyurethane precondensate, at least on melamine precondensate and further additives for the foaming.

Abstract: An improved process for producing a flexible polyurethane foam having improved flame retardance and physical properties by reacting a polyhydroxy compound and a polyisocyanate compound in the presence of a blowing agent, wherein the improvement comprises using as the polyhydroxy compound one in which an aldehyde condensation polymer has been formed by polycondensation and dispersed such that it accounts for preferably from 5 to 30 wt % of the total amount of the polyhydroxy compound, and adding as the flame retardant a melamine powder preferably in an amount of from 5 to 100 parts by weight for 100 parts by weight of said polyhydroxy compound.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a solid polyurethane composition having a glass transition temperature of from -20.degree. C. to 0.degree. C., having a Bayshore rebound of less than 20, and having a Shore A hardness of less than 80.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a solid polyurethane composition having a glass transition temperature of from -20.degree. C. to 0.degree. C., having a Bayshore rebound of less than 20, and having a Shore A hardness of less than 80.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a solid polyurethane composition having a glass transition temperature of from -20.degree. C. to 0.degree. C., having a Bayshore rebound of less than 20, and having a Shore A hardness of less than 80, and being prepared by reacting:a) a polyisocyanate having an isocyanate group functionality of 3 or more, and an isocyanate group content of from 15 to 25% by weight, withb) one or more diols having molecular weights of from 150 to about 650,wherein the isocyanate to hydroxyl equivalent ratio is from 0.95:1 to 1.2:1, and the weight ratio of component a) to component b) is from 5:1 to 1:1.5.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of polymeric foams which comprises reacting under CO.sub.2 liberating conditions an organic polyisocyanate with an aldehyde or ketone having a nucleophilic or isocyanate-reactive center within 6 atoms of the carbon atom of the carbonyl group. The method is useful for making foams with reduced amounts of CFC-blowing agents or even in the absence of CFC-blowing agents.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a solid polyurethane composition having a glass transition temperature of from -20.degree. C. to 0.degree. C., having a Bayshore rebound of less than 20, and having a Shore A hardness of less than 80.

Abstract: A method for preparing a flexible polyurethane foam, wherein a polyether-polyol having an average molecular weight from 1000 to 8000 and an average functionality not larger than 4, is brought into reaction with an organic polyisocyanate in the presence of a foam stabilizer, a catalyst and blowing agent comprising methylformate, wherein a cross-linker/extender and/or amine catalyst with delayed action is added to said reaction mixture.

Abstract: A non-liquid, energy-absorbing polyurethane is derived from the process which comprises reacting a mixture of linear and branched polyols, a polyisocyanate and, optionally, a blowing agent, under polyurethane-forming conditions at an isocyanate index of from about 65 to about 85.

Abstract: A single phase B-side polyurethane resin comprised of a polyol and a carbohydrate is disclosed. The resin is useful for the preparation of flame-retardant polyurethane foams, and can be used to prepare such foams on two-component foaming equipment.

Abstract: The instant invention relates to an improved process for the preparation of low molecular weight polyalcohols by the catalytic hydrogenation of a mixture of different low molecular weight hydroxy aldehydes, hydroxy ketones and optionally also polyhydric alcohols such as is formed from the autocondensation of formaldehyde (such a mixture will hereinafter be referred to as "formose"). The invention also relates to the use of these polyalcohols for the production of polyurethane resins.

Abstract: A process for producing a urethane-modified polyisocyanurate foam by using at least four components of a polyol, a polyisocyanate compound in an excess amount relative to the polyol, an isocyanate trimerizing catalyst and a foaming agent, as the essential starting materials, wherein a polyester ether polyol comprising, as the constituting units, residues of polyhydric phenols and/or polyhydric alcohols, residues of polybasic carboxylic acids and oxyalkylene groups and having a hydroxyl value of from about 100 to about 500, is employed as at least a part of said polyol.

Abstract: Polyol blend compositions are provided containing nonionic ethoxylate propoxylate compounds and aromatic ester polyols, especially phthalate polyester polyols, which blends are miscible with fluorocarbon blowing agents. These blends are suitable for reaction with polyfunctional organic isocyanates in the presence of polymerization catalysts to make cellular polyurethanes and polyisocyanurates.

Abstract: A process is described for preparing novel polyurethane polymers which have good impact resistance and other desirable physical properties, said process comprising interpolymerizing a mixture of a bicyclic amide acetal, a polyol and a polyisocyanate.

Abstract: A process for preparing novel interpolymers from mixtures of a bicyclic amide acetal, an oxazoline and a polyisocyanate and the novel polymers produced are described.

Abstract: Modified benzyl ether-containing resole polyols derived from a phenolic component, a non-aqueous aldehyde, and a halogen-containing aliphatic hydroxyl component are prepared using a metal derivative as a catalyst. These polyols react with organic polyisocyanates to yield closed cell, low friability, low combustibility, rigid polyurethane foams without the need for post curing at elevated temperature. They are also useful in the preparation of modified rigid polyisocyanurate foams.

Abstract: A process for preparing a mixture of polyhydroxyl compounds having low molecular weight by catalytically hydrogenating a formose mixture with hydrogen on a metal catalyst. The hydrogenation is carried out at a pH of 7.5 to 12.5 and at elevated temperature and pressure. The formose mixture comprises (i) up to 70 wt. % formose, (ii) up to 1.6 wt. % lead ions and (iii) up to 5 wt. % calcium ions with at least one of (ii) or (iii) being present. The catalyst which is present in an amount of 4-240 wt. % (based on formose solution) is a compound taken from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt and compounds thereof. The mixture of polyhydroxyl compounds made in accordance with the present invention is useful as a starting material in the production of polyether polyols, polyester polyols and polyurethane plastics.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel fire retardant compositions, based on the compounds 2-bromomethyl-2-hydroxy-methylpropane-1,3-diol, 2,2-bis(bromomethyl)propane-1,3-diol, 2-bromomethyl-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-dibromopropane, and mixtures thereof, the compositions having a general formula (BrCH.sub.2).sub.m C[CH.sub.2 O(CH.sub.2 O).sub.x H].sub.4-m wherein m is between 1.6 to 2.3 and x is between 0.75 to 1.10. These compositions are characterized by their particular infra-red spectra.The novel fire retardant compositions are produced by the reaction of formaldehyde or its polymeric forms with the above compounds, followed by the removal of water from the reaction system.The fire retardant compositions according to the present invention are suitable as active or additive fire retardant ingredients for various polymeric materials, such as polyurethane, polyester or epoxide resins.

Abstract: Oligomeric formal diols are prepared by coupling segments of copolyether glycols with formaldehyde. The formal diols are useful in preparing polyurethanes.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the preparation of polyurethane resins by the reaction of polyisocyanates with a mixture of various low molecular weight hydroxyaldehydes, hydroxyketones and polyhydric alcohols obtained by an improved process for the condensation of formaldehyde with itself.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of polyurethane foams modified with melamine-formaldehyde precondensates, in which the precondensates employed are storage-stable, aqueous 40-85% strength by weight resin solutions which are obtained by condensing melamine with formaldehyde in a molar ratio of 1:1.1-1.75 in aqueous solution at a pH which, at least periodically, is above 8, and at from 60 to 130.degree. C., until one part by volume of resin solution can be diluted with from 0.5 to 4 parts by volume of water at 20.degree. C. without causing a persisting cloudiness.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for preparing mixtures of low molecular weight polyhydroxyl compounds and optionally hydroxyaldehydes and ketones by condensing formaldehyde hydrate with itself in the presence of(A) soluble or insoluble lead(II) salts or of divalent lead attached to a high molecular weight carrier; and(B) a co-catalyst, comprising a mixture of hydroxyaldehydes and hydroxyketones obtainable by condensation of formaldehyde, which mixture contains at least 75%, by weight, of C.sub.3 to C.sub.6 compounds and is characterized by the following molar ratios:Compounds having 3 carbon atoms/compounds having 4 carbon atoms from 0.5:1 to 2.0:1;Compounds having 4 carbon atoms/compounds having 5 carbon atoms from 0.2:1 to 2.0:1;Compounds having 5 carbon atoms/compounds having 6 carbon atoms from 0.5:1 to 5.0:1.The pH of the reaction mixture is held at from 6.0 to 7.0 until from 10 to 60% conversion has occurred and is then lowered to between 4.0 to 6.0 until 90-100% conversion has occurred.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improved process for the preparation of formose by the condensation of aqueous formaldehyde. In the process according to this invention, tertiary amines which contain an electrophilic hetero atom in the .beta.-position to the tertiary nitrogen atom are used for controlling the pH instead of the inorganic bases which have previously been used for this purpose.

Abstract: This invention relates to solutions of polyisocyanate polyaddition products with a solids content of from 5 to 70% by weight ofA. Reaction products of(a) polyisocyanates,(b) hydrazines and/or polyamines and/or dihydrazides and/or ammonia and/or urea and/or low molecular weight polyols,(c) optionally higher molecular weight polyols and(d) optionally formaldehyde inB. polyhydric alcohols having a molecular weight of between 62 and 450.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a derivative of a reducing sugar, said reducing sugar having molecular weights of from 120 to 2000, in that said derivative having at least one methylol group which branches the carbon structure of the reducing sugar in the .alpha.- and/or .alpha.'-position to the carbonyl group or cyclohemiacetal group of the reducing sugar.