Abstract: Process for the hardening, curing or setting of a bis-maleimide resin and a composite material using said resin.The setting process according to the invention of a basic resin A having at least one bis-maleimide monomer consists of adding to the basic resin A, prior to the use thereof, at least one reactive diluent B consisting of a monomer having a copolymerizable vinyl termination with the basic resin A when subjecting the mixture of the basic resin A and the diluent B to the action of ionizing radiation (34), the total quantity of the diluent B being such that the maleimide functions of the basic resin A are consumed following the ionizing radiation action and being chosen in the range 10 to 50 parts by weight for 100 parts by weight of the basic resin A. This resin is more particularly intended for the production of a composite material (16, 18) having a fibrous reinforcement (26, 28, 30, 32) by filamentary winding.

Abstract: An epoxy group-containing thermosetting resin composition comprising (A) a copolymer obtained From (a) at least one member selected from an unsaturated carboxylic acid and an unsaturated carboxylic acid anhydride, (b) an epoxy group-containing unsaturated compound, (c) a monoolefin unsaturated compound, and optionally (d) a conjugated diolefin unsaturated compound, and (B) an organic solvent for dissolving the above copolymer. There is also provided another epoxy-group containing thermosetting resin composition which contains the above component (A), (C) a polymerizable compound having at least one ethylenically unsaturated double bond, and (D) a photopolymerization initiator. These epoxy-group containing thermosetting resin compositions are excellent in storage stability.

Abstract: This invention relates to vinyl ether-based coatings for which properties such as color stability, thermal stability, mechanical stability, hydrolyric stability, and resistance to embrittlement may be maintained and properties hydrogen generation and blocking are minimized. The invention also relates to stabilizers which control these properties in the coatings.

Abstract: The invention provides a compostable thermoplastic polymer composition comprising a thermoplastic polymer, a transition metal salt selected from cobalt, manganese, copper, cerium, vanadium and iron, and a fatty acid or ester having 10 to 22 carbon atoms providing unsaturated species and free acid. The composition will oxidatively degrade to an embrittled state within at least 14 days at 60.degree. C. and a relative humidity of at least eighty percent. The invention also provides degradable multilayered polyolefin structures incorporating a transition metal in the form of a salt, degradable and compostable multilayered barrier films, degradable, radiation-resistant compositions and articles, and methods of forming and using such compositions, structures and articles.

Abstract: A radiation curable functionalized polymer is disclosed. The functionalized polymer is a copolymer of an isoolefin of 4 to 7 carbon atoms and para-alkylstyrene, wherein the para-alkylstyrene is functionalized with an acrylate or a mixture of acrylates and/or a photosensitizer and/or other functional groups at the para-alkyl groups of the para-alkylstyrene.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel dental composition and a method of making shaped dental articles therefrom via photoiniferter polymerization. The dental composition comprises acrylic photoiniferter block polymer, a monomer charge comprising free radically polymerizable acrylic monomer, and a filler and optionally includes pigments, sensitizers, medicaments, stabilizers, accelerators, etc. The dental composition is alternately exposed to a source of radiant energy and shaped in a desired manner in order to form a partially cured dental article. The partially cured dental article is then cured by a final exposure to the radiant energy source, providing a final cured article. The resultant reinforced acrylic copolymer system provides a shaped dental article which can be a denture base, a denture liner or a restorative.

Abstract: This invention relates to reactive polymers, e.g., aqueous emulsion polymers, having pendant flexible or dangling side chains prepared from ethylenically unsaturated carbodiimides, e.g., carbodiimide (meth)acrylates. The reactive polymers contain ethylenic unsaturation near the surface or in the surface area of the particles that form the polymers, the ethylenic unsaturation being connected to the polymer through the pendant flexible or dangling side chains. This invention also relates to the process for preparing the reactive polymers, to crosslinkable formulations based on the reactive polymers, and to thermoplastic and crosslinked films prepared from the reactive polymers. The reactive polymers are useful as decorative and functional coatings, inks, adhesives, textile coatings and sealants.

Abstract: A UV curable organic solvent soluble, aqueous nonalkaline soluble and peelable temporary solder mask composition to be applied to a surface to be protected, having a reactive diluent monomer capable of polymerization upon exposure to ultraviolet light and a photoinitiator serving as a free radical source to initiate polymerization.

Abstract: Disclosed are graft copolymers of polyolefins and a method of preparing said graft copolymers. The method comprises irradiating a mass of olefin polymer particles and thereafter treating the mass of particles with a vinyl monomer in liquid form. A nonoxidizing environment is maintained throughout the process while free radicals produced in the olefin polymer by the irradiation are present, thereby preventing degradation of the polymer. In a final step, residual free radicals are deactivated, and any unreacted monomer is removed.

Abstract: A biocompatible moldable curable polymer/monomer system capable of curing at ambient temperatures to provide an elastomer product while producing a lower exotherm than previously used systems. The system includes an alkyl acrylate or methacrylate homopolymer or copolymer; a monomer mixture of higher alkylacrylate or methacrylate combined with one or more of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and their lower alkyl esters; and a plasticizer and optionally cross-linking agents, anti-tack agents, and activators or photoinitiators. The moldable systems is a dough used for making earmoulds and earpieces or in fabrication of prostheses.

Abstract: An epoxy group-containing thermosetting resin composition comprising (A) a copolymer obtained from (a) at least one member selected from an unsaturated carboxylic acid and an unsaturated carboxylic acid anhydride, (b) an epoxy group-containing unsaturated compound, (c) a monoolefin unsaturated compound, and optionally (d) a conjugated diolefin unsaturated compound, and (B) an organic solvent for dissolving the above copolymer. There is also provided another epoxy-group containing thermosetting resin composition which contains the above component (A), (C) a polymerizable compound having at least one ethylenically unsaturated double bond, and (D) a photopolymerization initiator. These epoxy-group containing thermosetting resin compositions are excellent in storage stability.

Abstract: A printing ink for printing slightly adhesive plastic bases, especially polyoxymethylenes and polypropylenes, comprises an ultraviolet-curing ink and an isocyanate compound added thereto. The isocyanate compound is added in an amount of 0.5 to 35 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the ultraviolet-curing ink. The invention relates also to printed matter on which given characters, figures, or/and patterns have been printed using such an ultraviolet-curing ink. The invention relates further to a printing method for giving such printed matter. The printing is preceded by a pretreatment selected from among corona discharge, shortwave ultraviolet radiation, and electron radiation.

Abstract: There is disclosed an actinic-radiation-curing, hot-melt pressure-sensitive adhesive composition, which comprises a mixture in a limited mixing ratio of an acrylic high-molecular-weight polymer that is made up of main chain having a molecular weight of 8,000 to 100,000 and a glass transition temperature of -75.degree. to -20.degree. C., and branched chain, in which the main chains and/or branched chains have or at least one ethylenically unsaturated group; and a low-molecular-weight polymer having a molecular weight of 500 to 8,000 and a glass transition temperature of lower than 100.degree. C., which polymer has or does not have an ethylenically unsaturated group in the molecule.

Abstract: A grafted polymer of an isomonoolefin and an alkylstyrene, such as a maleic anhydride-grafted copolymer of isobutylene and para-methylstyrene, is provided. Processes for preparing the grafted polymer are also provided.

Abstract: Acrylic pressure sensitive adhesives which exhibit hydrophilicity and moisture permeability can be made by curing or crosslinking low molecular weight acrylic oligomers modified with substantial quantities of a hydroxyl containing monomer. The resultant modified pressure sensitive adhesive acrylic copolymers, upon crosslinking, will then have a hydrophilic hydroxy component incorporated into the copolymer backbone. Such adhesives are particularly useful in skin contact applications, such as the adhesives used on bandages or the adhesives used in transdermal drug delivery systems.

Abstract: An infinite network polymer containing fluorine as a coating or cladding material for optical fibers. Fluoropolymers, such as silicone amine C.sub.0 -C.sub.16 fluoroepoxy resin and cis-trans fluoropolyol polyacrylate, reduce water permeability because of the bonding between the fluoropolymer and the substrate. The fluoropolymers exhibit substantially increased moisture resistance when compared to conventional fiber coating materials. Variations in chemical structure effect physical properties of the polymer and different compounds can be chosen for their desired physical properties, such as moisture resistance or abrasion resistance. Incorporation of fluorine into the polymer structure lowers the index of refraction such that the polymer can be used as a cladding for silica glass in an optical fiber. One fluoropolymer formulation allows in-line coating of the optical fiber in a oxygen environment.

Abstract: A data-carrying laminate such as a credit card or identity card comprises a sheet of cellulosic material or synthetic material and a thermoplastic polymeric film, at least one of said sheet and said thermoplastic film carrying data, said sheet and said thermoplastic film being bonded together by a cured adhesive layer obtained by curing a solid film adhesive comprising (A) a solid polymer of a vinyl carboxylic acid and (B) a curable material having at least one acrylate or methacrylate group.

Abstract: Disclosed is a photosensitive elastomer composition comprising (1) a thermoplastic block copolymer comprising at least one monovinyl substituted aromatic hydrocarbon polymer block and at least one conjugated diene polymer block, wherein a monovinyl substituted aromatic hydrocarbon content (A) is 10 to 35% by weight, and the vinyl content (V) of a conjugated diene is 20 to 50%, and the (A) and the (V) satisfy the formula: 40.ltoreq.(A)+(V).ltoreq.70; (2) an ethylenically unsaturated compound component; and (3) a photopolymerization initiator.

Abstract: Disclosed is a polymer having a group represented by the following formula (I) or (II) in a side chain on a main chain consisting of carbon-carbon bonds: ##STR1## [wherein X is an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or N--R.sup.1, R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms or CH.sub.2 CO.sub.2 H], said group being decarboxylated by photo-reaction of its own or by photo-reaction with a photo-sensitizer which absorbs light to generate a free radical.

Abstract: Radiation-curable, tackifier-free compositions are provided which contain: (i) a blend of certain acrylate esters and monoethylenically-unsaturated copolymerizable monomers; (ii) certain .alpha.-olefin polymers; and (iii) a photoinitiator and optionally, a crosslinker. Pressure-sensitive adhesives having good adhesion to both low and high energy surfaces as well as possessing excellent low and high temperature performance properties are prepared by exposing the radiation-curable compositions to light having a wavelength in the range of from about 280 to 400 nm.

Abstract: According to the invention the material, in particular a textile, includes in its polymeric structure grafts forming complexes with at least one metal ion possessing recognized antiseptic activity. These grafts are formed by polymerization of unsaturated monomers with a complexing function, including the phosphate of ethylene glycol methacrylate or a polymerizable derivative of quinoline such as acryl 8-hydroxy quinoline. The process of preparation comprises a first step of grafting, for example by electronic irradiation of the material and impregnation with a bath of monomer, and a second step of impregnation of the grafted material with one or serveral baths containing the metal ion(s), such as copper, zinc, tin, mercury.

Abstract: A pressure sensitive adhesive is prepared by the polymerization of an appropriate acrylic ester formulation of the type that includes an ethylenically unsaturated monomer having a polar group, and at least part of such polymerization is accomplished by photopolymerization using a source of ultraviolet radiation that provides a substantial portion of its ultraviolet radiation in the wavelength band of from about 280 to about 350 nm and a light intensity at the surface of the formulation being polymerized of no more than about 4.0 milliwatts/cm.sup.2.

Abstract: Disclosed is a dental composition comprising a (meth)acrylic ester compound as the principal component and containing a polymerization initiator, which is characterized by having incorporated therein a grafted rubber obtained by polymerizing at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer in the presence of a rubber. This dental composition can be cured to yield a cured product having excellent strength properties and, therefore, is particularly useful in applications such as a molar restoration material and a denture base resin.

Abstract: A polymer is disclosed which has a betaine structure on at least one side chain. The polymer according to this invention is suitable for use as a material for producing a pervaporation membrane. A process is described for producing the polymer according to this invention whereby betaine groups are introduced into a starting polymer. The betaine groups are introduced into the starting polymer by irradiation of the starting polymer with ionizing radiation and then treatment of the irradiated starting polymer with monomers that are capable of a graft reaction. Monomers that either already contain a betaine function or are capable of forming such a function are used. The betaine can be formed, e.g., by alkylating quaternation of a nitrogen atom present in the monomer if an acid group is introduced simultaneously with the alkylating agent.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of an oriented homo- or co-polyalkene material of improved strain rate sensitivity, which process comprises subjecting the oriented homo- or co-polyalkene material having a weight average molecular weight (M.sub.w).ltoreq.350,000, a number average molecular weight (M.sub.n).gtoreq.5,000, and a 2% secant modulus of at least 10 GPa at a strain rate of 2.times.10.sup.-5 sec.sup.-1 to a high energy irradiation of a dosage of at least 1 Mrad and not more than 60 Mrads at an elevated temperature in vacuo or in an inert or sensitizing atmosphere.

Abstract: A porous membrane is formed from an interpenetrating polymer network of a hydrophobic polymer and a polymerized and crosslinked hydrophilic monomeric composition. A solution of the polymer and monomeric composition is cast, exposed to ultraviolet radiation, coagulated and dried. The resulting dried membrane is annealed in order to render its surface hydrophilic.

Abstract: A photopolymerizable composition composed principally of an acrylic linear copolymer, an ethylenically-unsaturated compound and a photoinitiator and adapted to fabricate printed circuit boards. The ethylenically-unsaturated compound contains a specific acrylic ester. The photopolymerizable composition can be developed with an aqueous mild alkaline solution.

Abstract: A seal characterized by prossessing a cushioning part formed by cross-linking a copolymer of an .alpha.-olefin with a carboxylic acid-containing vinyl monomer owing to exposure to radiation or electron beam.

Abstract: Pressure-sensitive acrylate-based adhesive copolymers comprising polymerized acrylate units and polymerized fluorochemical surfactant units and a process for preparing same. Also prepolymeric compositions comprising the monomeric components of an acrylate-based pressure-sensitive adhesive and a polymerizable fluorochemical surfactant. The prepolymeric compositions generally have surface energy lower than that of the monomeric components of the acrylate-based pressure sensitive adhesive alone. Also, the adhesive compositions better maintain adhesive properties when aged when compared to corresponding adhesive compositions involving non-polymerizable fluorochemical surfactants.

Abstract: Radiation curable compositions useful as coatings for wood, metal, glass, fabric, paper, fiber and plastics are made from copolymers of 4-hydroxystyrene and an alkadiene or an allyl ester of an ethylenically unsaturated acid blended wit ethylenically unsaturated compounds.

Abstract: A liquid light-sensitive resin composition comprising:(A) a modified polystyrene resin which has at least one styrene unit having at least one ethylenic unsaturated double bond and at least one carboxyl group;(B) a polymerizable compound having at least one ethylenic unsaturated double bond;(C) a compound having at least one epoxy group;(D) a photopolymerization initiator or a photopolymerization initiating system;(E) a thermohardening catalyst capable of inducing a thermal reaction of the at least one epoxy group; and(F) an organic solvent; is disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a water-developable photosensitive resin composition capable of hot melt molding, which comprises:(i) a water soluble or water dispersible polyvinyl alcohol prepared by saponifying a copolymer of a vinyl ester and another copolymerizable monomer, which has a saponification degree of the vinyl ester unit of 50 to 70 mol % and a hot melt flow starting temperature of 60.degree. to 130.degree. C.,(ii) a polymerizable monomer, and(iii) a photopolymerization initiator.

Abstract: A new class of sensitizers for photopolymerizable compositions is disclosed derived from cyclic ketones and tricyclic aminoaldehydes. A preferred compound is cyclopentanone, 2.

Abstract: This invention includes a photosensitive composition containing an alkali-soluble resin and a compound represented by formula (I), (II) or (III) described in the claims and the specification, a photosensitive composition containing an alkali-soluble polymer, a compound represented by formula (IV) described in the claims and the specification and a basic compound, and a photosensitive composition containing an alkali-soluble polymer, a compound represented by formula (VI) described in the claims and the specification and a compound which produces an acid upon radiation of light.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for the preparation of ceramic materials or articles by the pyrolysis of preceramic polysilanes wherein the preceramic polysilanes are rendered infusible prior to pyrolysis by exposure to ultraviolet irradiation in the presence of a reactive gas selected from the group consisting of ethylene, 1,3-butadiene, 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene, 1,4-pentadiene, silane, chlorosilane, dichlorosilane, boron trichloride, oxygen and water mixture, acetylene, and tetravinylsilane. This method is especially suited for the preparation of ceramic fibers. The ceramic fiber's surface properties can be modified by the practice of this invention; for example, a ceramic fiber with a carbon rich surface layer can be obtained when 1,3-butadiene is used as the reactive gas.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a negative photoresist consisting essentially ofa) at least one solid film-forming polyphenol,b) at least one compound which contains at least two epoxide groups or at least two vinyl ether groups or at least one epoxide and vinyl ether group in the molecule,c) at least one cationic photoinitiator for component b) andd) if appropriate customary additives.The resist can be developed under aqueous-alkaline conditions.

Abstract: The current invention provides a photopolymerized pressure-sensitive adhesive which adheres well to all common surfaces and has an outstanding ability to bond to plasticized vinyl substrates and to remain firmly bonded thereto even after the in contact therewith for extended periods of time comprising the photopolymerization reaction product of a mixture containing about: 60-95 parts of alkyl acrylate; 5-40 parts monoethylenically unsaturated polar copolymerizable monomer; 10-30 parts ethylene vinylacetate copolymer containing about 40% to 70% vinylacetate; and 0.1-1 part photoinitiator.

Abstract: An improved process for forming hydroperoxide derivatives of rubbery polymers. The hydroperoxide derivatives being particularly well suited for use as intermediates in forming graft rubbery polymers. The process involves dissolving a rubbery polymer in a monomer mixture and adding to the rubbery polymer/monomer mixture a photosensitizing agent. The rubbery polymer-monomer mixture is then oxygenated and exposed to light under conditions wherein triplet oxygen is converted to singlet oxygen. The improvement comprises adding to the rubbery polymer/monomer mixture a solvent capable of solubilizing the photosensitizing agent in the rubbery polymer/monomer mixutre. The solubilizer increases the yield of hydroperoxide derivatives of rubbery polymers formed by a factor of 3.

Abstract: A dental glass ionomer cement composition comprises:(a) 5 to 100 parts by weight of a polymer of an .alpha.-.beta. unsaturated carboxylic acid having a weight average molecular weight of 5,000 to 40,000,(b) 5 to 100 parts by weight of a fluoroaluminosilicate glass powder having an average particle size of 0.02 to 10 .mu.m and a specific gravity of 2.4 to 4.0 and capable of reacting with said "polymer of an .alpha.-.beta. unsaturated carboxylic acid having a weight average molecular weight of 5,000 to 40,000",(c) 5 to 100 parts by weight of a polymerizable unsaturated organic compound having at least one CH.sub.2 .dbd.C(R1)--COO--group wherein R1=H or CH.sub.3,(d) 0.01 to 5 parts by weight of a polymerization catalyst,(e) 2 to 50 parts by weight of water,(f) 0.01 to 20 parts by weight of a surface active agent, and(g) 0.01 to 5 parts by weight of a reducing agent, and optionally h. 0 to 50 parts by weight of an inorganic filler having an average particle size of 0.02 to 10 .mu.

Abstract: A photosensitive composition characterized by comprising:(a) a vinyl alcohol polymer containing the following structural unit A and having a saponification degree of a vinyl ester unit of not less than 70 mol %: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 each represents H or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms;(b) a radically polymerizable ethylenic unsaturated compound; and,(c) a photopolymerization initiator,having flexiblity and impact resistance which can maintain sufficient softness but are not broken particularly even at low temperature and low humidity so that resin plates showing high printing quality can be obtained from the photosensitive composition.

Abstract: This invention concerns a process for modifying polymer surfaces by contacting the surface with a selected organic modifying agent while irradiating the surface with ultraviolet and/or visible light that can be absorbed by the modifier. Patterns of modified and unmodified surfaces can be produced. Polymers with modified surfaces are useful for absorbing biologically active molecules, composites, printing plates and electronics.

Abstract: Hotmelt contact adhesives which are crosslinkable with UV light in the air are based on copolymers which contain tetrahydrofurfur-2-yl (meth)acrylate and/or N-2-tetrahydrofurfuryl (meth)-acrylamide and/or alkoxyalkyl (meth)acrylates and/or N-alkoxyalkyl (meth)acrylamides as copolymerized units and added benzophenone and/or benzophenone derivatives as photosensitizers.

Abstract: Photopolymerizable laminates suitable for producing flexible and resilient printing plates carry on a dimensionally stable base at least one intermediate layer and on top thereof a photopolymerizable layer which consists essentially of a mixture of a water-soluble copolymer or derivative of polyvinyl alcohol, a specific copolymerizable mono-functional (meth)acrylate, a photoinitiator and a thermal polymerization inhibitor.

Abstract: There is hereby provided a photosensitive resin composition suitable for a relief printing plate having an excellent resistance to a water based ink, whereby water or a water like solvent can be employed as a developing solution, which comprises;(i) a polymer (A) having a molecular weight of 5,000 to 500,000 which contains an amino group and a polymerizable double bond moiety,(ii) a monomer (B) having an .alpha.,.beta.-ethylenically unsaturated bond and a free acid group which can quaternize the nitrogen atom of the polymer (A),(iii) a photopolymerizable unsaturated compound (C), and(iv) a photopolymerization initiator (D).

Abstract: Polypropylene articles are provided. The polypropylene articles comprise non-crystalline mesomorphous polypropylene having olefinic unsaturation-containing monomers graft-polymerized thereon by ionizing radiation in a dosage sufficient to degrade crystalline polypropylene. The irradiated polypropylene articles retain useful tensile properties after storage periods of as long as at least about four months.

Abstract: Polymerizable compositions are described on the basis of (meth)acrylic acid esters which contain as filler a precipitation polymer that is formed from acrylic acid esters and/or methacrylic acid esters, and possibly other copolymerizable monomers, with 10 to 100 mol % of the (meth)acrylic acid esters being bi or polyfunctional. These compositions are particularly suitable as dental compositions.

Abstract: Solid photopolymerizable compositions and photosensitive elements are provided that are useful in preparing optical elements, and especially holograms. The composition contains a polymeric binder, a liquid ethylenically unsaturated monomer, and a photoinitiator system. Typical compositions have a refractive index modulation of at least 0.005 when measured per the specified test.

Abstract: A stereolithographic method which employs an ultraviolet-curable liquid composition adapted to cure rapidly to a lightly cross-linked solvent-swellable three-dimensional complexly-shaped polymeric thin-walled element constituted by heat-softenable solid polymer upon exposure to ultraviolet dosage in the range of about 0.1 to about 10 Joules per square centimeter and which possesses reduced distortion comprises, from 20 to 80 weight percent, of a resinous polyacrylate or polymethacrylate dissolved in a combination of 10 to 45 weight percent of a liquid polyacrylate or polymethacrylate, which is preferably trifunctional, and 10 to 45 weight percent of liquid N-vinyl monomer, preferably N-vinyl pyrrolidone. Thus, the weight ratio of polyacrylate: polymethacrylate: N-vinyl monomer is about 1:2:2 to about 8:1:1. One of the foregoing polyacrylates or polymethacrylates is a polyacrylate and the other is a polymethacrylate so that good cure speed is accompanied by good distortion resistance.

Abstract: A polymer prepared by subjecting to conditions of radical graft polymerization a copolymer of an .alpha.-olefin and an aliphatic nonconjugated diene and a monomer that is capable of radical polymerization with said copolymer is described. This polymer has high miscibility with a dissimilar resin and has a high practical value for use as a compatibilizing agent in blending two or more resins.

Abstract: Photocurable filling compounds for closing the gaps which result between the end or edge regions of gravure printing plates when the latter are clamped on forme cylinders consist of a homogeneous, solvent-free, photopolymerizable mixture which is free-flowing at room temperature and contains from 10 to 90% by weight of one or more hydrophilic, polar, photopolymerizable, ethylenically unsaturated low molecular weight compounds, from 5 to 65% by weight of one or more polymeric binders which are resistant to toluene-containing, gasoline-containing, ketone-containing and/or ester-containing solvents and are compatible with the photopolymerizable low molecular weight compounds, from 0.01 to 10% by weight of one or more photoinitiators and from 0 to 70% by weight of further additives and/or assistants.