Abstract: Two-component systems are described which are suitable for underlining, adhesive bonding of the crimped fold and sealing of auto body sections, particularly for crimped fold sealing of add-on vehicle parts. The two-component systems attain the requisite grip strength for mounting the add-on parts on the body as well as the requisite strength and dimensional stability for the production process up to and with the CIP passage, within the predetermined cycle time, on the basis of cross-linking of the sealant composition twice. In one embodiment, the surface of the two-component system is pre-cross-linked by a UV-induced reaction and by the cross-linking of the two-component system to the extent of portability. In addition, two-component systems are described which cross-link intentionally only partially up to a consistency that permits a rugged course of the process through cleaning baths and which harden completely only by means of a further hardening process, for instance in the CIP forced circulation oven.

Abstract: An active ray curable ink-jet ink set comprising an active ray curable yellow ink, an active ray curable cyan ink, an active ray curable black ink, and further one or more active ray curable color inks other than yellow, cyan and black, wherein each of the active ray curable inks contains a photo-polymerization initiator, a photo-polymerizable compound, a pigment, and a dispersing agent which has an amine value and an acid value, provided that the acid value is higher than the amine value, and an average particle diameter of the pigment contained in the yellow ink is larger than that of the pigment in the cyan ink and than that of the pigment in the black ink by 0.025-0.090 ?m, and further the average particle diameter of the pigment contained in each of the inks of the active ray curable ink-jet ink set is 0.070-0.220 ?m.

Abstract: An active ray curable ink-jet ink comprising at least an organic pigment, a polymer dispersant, a photo-initiator and a cationic polymerizable compound, wherein the active ray curable ink-jet ink incorporates a quaternary ammonium salt and a content of the quaternary ammonium salt is not less than 5 ppm and not more than 500 ppm.

Abstract: A photocurable resin composition for three-dimensional photofabrication operations, including stereolithography, comprising (A) a cationically polymerizable compound having two or more bisphenol structures and one or more hydroxyl groups, (B) a cationically polymerizable compound other than the component (A), (C) a cationic photoinitiator, (D) a radically polymerizable compound, (E) a radical photoinitiator, and (F) multilayer polymer particles having a core and a shell layer, the shell layer containing functional group-modified rubber polymer particles having at least one reactive functional group.

Abstract: A curable composition having a low viscosity and providing a satisfactory rubber cured article is provided. A composition curable by radical photo curing and cationic photo curing in combination, comprising the under-mentioned components (A), (B), (C) and (D) as essential components: (A) a vinyl polymer having two or more acryloyl group or the like per molecule, the acryloyl groups or the like being present at one or more molecular ends; (B) an epoxy compound and/or an oxetane compound; (C) a radical photopolymerization initiator; and (D) a cationic photopolymerization initiator.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition which is curable by radiation such as an ultraviolet ray or an electron beam. Specifically, the present invention relates to a curable composition which is useful for coatings and inks. The present invention provides a radiation curable composition that is highly cationically polymerizable and highly adhesive to substrates. A radiation curable composition of the present invention includes, as essential ingredients, a cationically polymerizable compound (a) represented by the following general formula 1 (wherein, R represents an alkyl group of 1 to 10 carbon atoms, R1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, n represents a number from 1 to 4, and m represents a number from 0 to 10); a cationic photoinitiator (b); and water (c).

Abstract: A method for making an optical element comprises polymerizing a first monomer to form a first polymer, the first polymer having a spatially varying degree of cure that provides a predetermined refractive index profile; and polymerizing a second monomer in the presence of the first polymer to form a second polymer intermixed with the first polymer, the second polymer stabilizing the first polymer and the refractive index profile.

Abstract: A leather-like sheet is provided having a substrate layer and a surface skin layer in which the surface skin layer is composed of a cross-linked product of a polyurethane hot-melt composition containing 100 parts by mass of a urethane prepolymer, 5 parts by mass to 40 parts by mass of a coloring agent containing a polyol, 5 parts by mass to 50 parts by mass of multi-functional (meth)acrylate, and 0.5 parts by mass to 5 parts by mass of a photopolymerization initiator, wherein the urethane prepolymer can be obtained by reacting 5% to 50% of the number of isocyanate groups in a urethane prepolymer containing isocyanate groups that is obtained by reacting a polyol containing 40% by mass or more of polytetramethylene glycol and a polyisocyanate with a (meth)acrylate containing a hydroxyl group. This leather-like sheet has an excellent surface grade while maintaining excellent suppleness and bending resistance.

Abstract: A curable composition comprising (1) 0.1 to 20 parts by weight of a silicon compound having a silanol group or a functional group for forming a silanol group upon hydrolysis and no radically polymerizable group, such as ?-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, (2) 100 parts by weight of radically polymerizable monomers and (3) 0.01 to 20 parts by weight of a photochromic compound, wherein the radically polymerizable monomers include a radically polymerizable monomer having an epoxy group in the molecule, such as glycidyl methacrylate. This curable composition is capable of forming a photochromic coating layer which shows excellent photochromic properties such as high color development density and fast fading rate, is free from the dissolution of the photochromic compound, exhibits high adhesion to a substrate through a simple pre-treatment and has excellent hard coating applicability.

Abstract: A new epoxy resin represented by following general formula comprising, possessing one or more than one primary hydroxyl group and one or more than one epoxy group in one molecular, and said epoxy resin is useful for photo curing method.

Abstract: Provided are a photosensitive resin and a photosensitive resin composition comprising the photosensitive resin. The photosensitive resin has the structure of Formula 1, which is described in the specification. The photosensitive resin and the photosensitive resin composition have good sensitivity, improved resistance to heat and chemicals, and excellent storage stability. Further provided are a method for preparing the photosensitive resin and a cured product of the photosensitive resin composition.

Abstract: A UV-curable ink-jet ink is provided, which has a high sensitivity and allows soft and highly fine patterns to be formed. The UV-curable ink-jet ink includes a mono-functional polymerizable monomer (A) having a hydroxyl group, a di(meth)acrylate ester (B) and a photo-polymerization initiator (C).

Abstract: The invention to provide curable materials, comprising photo-reactive compounds, in particular, photoinitiators and polymerizable mono- or multifunctional monomers such as acrylates or epoxides. The material may also contain fluoro-surfactants completely or partly terminated by functional groups with the ability to bind covalently to said chemical composition under curing. The curable compositions are either purely acrylate based or a hybrid of different types of monomers such as acrylates, epoxides or vinyl ethers. The polymerizable monomers may cure with the use of different types of photoinitiator, such as free radical photoinitiators or cationic photoinitiators, ultimately forming a hybrid resist comprising interpenetrating networks of different types of monomers e.g. acrylates and epoxides. The acrylate/epoxide hybrid system has showed improved replication properties in terms of high nano-imprint lithography process fidelity, due to increased conversion of acrylates and low shrinkage.

Abstract: Stable and substantially filled cationic dental compositions are described which include: (1) at least one cationically reactive compound (A); (2) at least one dental filler (B); (3) optionally, at least one dispersant (C) composed of at least one organic polymer or copolymer; (4) at least one cationic photoinitiator (D); and (5) optionally, at least one photosensitizer (E). The dental filler (B) is treated with at least one organosilicon coupling agent (F), and at least one compound (G). The organosilicon coupling agent (F) has at least one reactive function (rfA) directly linked to a silicon atom forming after activation of a chemical bond with the dental filler, and at least one reactive function (rfB) not directly linked to a silicon atom, forming after activation, a chemical bond with a reactive function (rfC) of the compound (G).

Abstract: An aqueous-based UV-curable fluid composition for use in a micro-fluid ejection device. The fluid composition includes a mixture of poly-functional compounds, a colorant compound, a photo-initiator and less than about 50 weight percent water based on a total weight of the fluid composition, wherein the fluid composition is substantially devoid of volatile organic carrier fluids.

Abstract: A sealing material for a flat panel display contains 100 parts by weight of a compound (A) containing at least one epoxy group in the molecule, and 0.01 to 40 parts by weight of a compound (B) that generates a base upon irradiation. The compound (B) that generates a base upon irradiation is preferably a compound that generates a tertiary amine upon irradiation. The sealing material has favorable curability at low temperature, and a long pot life at room temperature, and does not cause deterioration of display members with ionic components and acids.

Abstract: The invention provides a resin composition for stereolithography, which is low in absorption of water and moisture even when the composition is preserved for a long time, which is capable of maintaining high curing sensitivity for long, which is capable of fabricating a three-dimensional object in a shortened molding time, smoothly and in high productivity, the three-dimensional object being excellent in molding accuracy, dimensional accuracy, water resistance, moisture resistance, and mechanical characteristics.

Abstract: A primer coating composition for a metal substrate is described. The primer has a suitable binder and is characterized in that there is at least one semiconductor photocatalyst dispersed throughout the primer coating composition. A process of coating a metal substrate is also described. The invention extends to the use of a semiconductor photocatalyst as a top-coat to primer adhesion promoter or as a primer to top-coat delamination inhibitor in a primer coating composition.

Abstract: According to the present invention, provided are a curable composition containing a (A) compound which has a structure having two or more cyclic ether groups, in the molecule and a linking group linking the cyclic ether groups, which contains an alkylene group having 4 or more carbon atoms, or a curable composition containing a compound which has, in the molecule, two or more moiety structures containing 4-membered or more cyclic ether and a moiety structure represented by the following formula (Y-I), and an ink composition comprising the curable composition and a compound represented by the following formula (i).

Abstract: Disclosed is an epoxy resin composition which is solid at ordinary room temperature, cures with excellent light resistance and heat resistance and minimal shrinkage, and is useful for encapsulating LEDs. The epoxy resin composition is characterized by comprising as an essential component an epoxy resin having an epoxy equivalent of 300-1000 g/eq and a softening point of 65-110° C. obtained by reacting a nonaromatic polycarboxylic acid (A) having an acid value of 100-250 mgKOH/g with a nonaromatic epoxy resin (B) having an epoxy equivalent of 100-400 g/eq. The nonaromatic polycarboxylic acid (A) may be obtained by reacting 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, 2,2-bis(4-hydroxycyclohexyl)propane, or 3,9-bis(1,1-dimethyl-2-hydroxyethyl)-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro[5,5]undecane with methylhexahydrophthalic acid or hexahydrophthalic acid.

Abstract: The present invention provides an adhesive composition for an optical waveguide which comprises (a) an epoxy resin, (b) a curing agent and (c) a high molecular compound, in which a total light transmittance and a light transmittance in a wavelength of 700 to 1600 nm in a cured matter of the adhesive composition are 80% or more and in which a transparency is consistent with a heat resistance, an adhesive film for an optical waveguide prepared by forming the above adhesive composition into a film form, an adhesive sheet for an optical waveguide comprising the above adhesive composition and a supporting base material and an optical device produced by using them.

Abstract: The invention relates to a radiation curable coating or an ink composition comprising a photoinitiator and a stabilizer blend of a sterically hindered nitroxyl radical and a quinone methide.

Abstract: Provided is an inkjet-recording ink composition comprising one or more white pigment(s), one or more polymer dispersant(s), one or more photocurable compound(s), and one or more photoinitiator(s) as its principal components, wherein the polymer dispersant(s) has a sulfonic acid group.

Abstract: A Radiation Curable Coating composition, which may be used as an inner primary coating, an outer primary coating, single coats, a matrix, or a buffer resin composition, comprising: A Radiation Curable Coating composition, which may be used as an inner primary coating, an outer primary coating, single coats, a matrix, or a buffer resin composition, comprising at least one radiation-curable oligomer wherein said at least one radiation curable oligomer is a fatty-acid modified epoxy acrylate; at least one ethylenenic unsaturated reactive diluent; wherein said oligomer(s) and diluent(s) are selected from the group that does not include moieties with Urethane chemistry. This composition, when tested, is found to have resistance to thermal degradation as measured by less than 10% weight loss after exposure of cured specimens in a natural convection furnace for 100 hours at 180° C.

Abstract: An actinic energy ray-curable resin is obtained by reacting an unsaturated monocarboxylic acid (c) with a terminal epoxy group of an epoxy resin having an unsaturated group and a hydroxyl group in its side chains and an epoxy group in its terminal and further reacting a polybasic acid anhydride (d) with the hydroxyl group of the above-mentioned epoxy resin, wherein the above-mentioned epoxy resin is a product of the polyaddition reaction of a reaction product (I) of a polybasic acid anhydride (a) and a compound (b) having at least one unsaturated double bond and one alcoholic hydroxyl group in its molecule, a compound (II) having at least two carboxyl groups in its molecule, and a bifunctional epoxy compound (III), wherein at least either one of the carboxyl group-containing compound (II) and the bifunctional epoxy compound (III) is a compound containing no aromatic ring.

Abstract: A photocurable composition comprising cationically curable compound, an acrylate-containing compound; a hydroxyl-containing compound; a cationic photoinitiator; and a free radical photoinitiator; wherein said composition has less than 0.54 equivalents of cationically curable groups, less than 0.10 equivalents of acrylate groups and less than 0.10 equivalents of hydroxyl 0groups per 100 grams of said composition.

Abstract: A photoinitiated cationically curable composition is provided, including at least one substantially saturated epoxy component comprising at least two glycidyl ether groups; at least one acrylonitrile/butadiene copolymer; and at least one cationic photoinitiator. The compositions exhibit excellent strength properties as well as reduced color formation upon curing, particularly after post-curing thermal treatments. Methods of bonding substrates with such compositions and articles prepared therefrom are also provided through the invention.

Abstract: The present invention provides an ink composition, and inkjet recording method, a printed material, a production method of a planographic printing plate, and a planographic printing plate. The ink composition of the present invention contains a cationically polymerizable compound, a compound that generates an acid when irradiated with a radiation ray, and an onium salt compound that generates an organic acid compound having a basic nitrogen atom when irradiated with a radiation ray.

Abstract: An epoxy resin composition, including: an epoxy resin (A) represented by Formula (1); an epoxy resin (B) having an epoxy equivalent of 220 or less and having twice or more epoxy groups in a molecule than epoxy groups of the epoxy resin (A); and a photocationic polymerization initiator (C), in which: the epoxy resins (A) and (B) constitute main components; and a weight of the epoxy resin (A) is 40% or more and a weight of the epoxy resin (B) is 30% or more with respect to a total weight of the epoxy resins (A) and (B): where: R represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, or a t-butyl group; n represents an integer of 0 or more and 4 or less; and m represents an integer of 1 or more and 3 or less.

Abstract: The invention provides a cation polymerizable resin composition excellent in curing properties and corrosion resistance with less resin coloration and less cure shrinkage, which is a material suitable as a surface protective material for optical disk. Specifically, the cation polymerizable resin composition comprises an epoxy compound (A) as an essential ingredient represented by formula 1 wherein R1 and R2 each represent a saturated or unsaturated carbon atom, and R3 represents a hydrogen atom or a saturated or unsaturated carbon atom, a cation polymerizable compound (B) other than the epoxy compound represented by formula 1, a photo cation polymerization initiator (C) and a photo radical polymerization initiator (D).

Abstract: An ink composition is provided that includes a cationically polymerizable compound (a), a compound (b) that generates an acid when exposed to radiation, a colorant (c), and a salt of a weak acid having a pKa of 4 to 8 (d). There is also provided an inkjet recording method that includes a step of discharging the ink composition onto a recording medium, and a step of irradiating the discharged ink composition with radiation so as to cure the ink composition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a polymer resin compound including a new polycyclic compound, and a photosensitive resin composition including the polymer resin compound as an effective binder matrix. In particular, the photosensitive resin composition according to the present invention uses a polymer resin compound, which includes a compound having double cyclic structure in one molecule as a monomer, as a binder matrix. Accordingly, the photosensitive resin composition has an excellent photosensitivity and an excellent developing property, and has a low distortion property during plastic processing. For this reason, the photosensitive resin composition has an advantage of curing various transparent photosensitive materials used to manufacture a color filter of a liquid crystal display, for example, a column spacer, an overcoat, a passivation material, and the like.

Abstract: An optical three-dimensional shaped item excelling in the smoothness of molding end face. There is provided a three-dimensional shaped item composed of, superimposed one upon another, multiple cured resin layers having a given configurational pattern formed by irradiating with actinic energy rays a molding face consisting of an actinic energy ray curable resin composition, wherein at at least part of an uneven region of molding end face of the three-dimensional shaped item, the degree of unevenness thereof is reduced to smoothness by segregation of a component contained in the actinic energy ray curable resin composition and/or a substance derived from the component. Also, there is provided an actinic energy ray curable resin composition for the three-dimensional shaped item.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to reaction products prepared from at least one Michael addition donor material including two or more active methylene hydrogens; and at least one material capable of reacting with a Michael addition donor, the material having one Michael addition acceptor and at least one functional group selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, vinyl ether, amino, aminoalkyl, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, cyano, and cyanoalkyl groups; or reaction products prepared from (a) at least one Michael addition donor material comprising at least one Michael Addition donor group selected from the group consisting of cyano functional groups and phosphono functional groups; and (b) at least one material capable of reacting with the at least one Michael addition donor group, the material having at least one Michael addition acceptor, wherein the above reaction products are capable of forming free radicals upon exposure to actinic radiation; as well as compositions, and processes for making

Abstract: A composition comprising a cationically-polymerizable compound, an iodonium-based cationic initiator, a sensitizer for said cationic initiator and an antioxidant selected from the group consisting of phenol antioxidants, lactone antioxidants, and combinations of these antioxidants is provided. The addition of this antioxidant to this composition contributes to the reduction of potential run-away reaction when it is exposed in-bulk to actinic radiation.

Abstract: An ink jet ink includes an ink vehicle, wherein the ink vehicle includes at least one wax monomer functionalized to include in the chain at least one reactive group curable upon exposure to radiation. The reactive group is preferably curable via cationic or free radical polymerization. In a preferred embodiment, the ink vehicle includes a wax monomer having a structure: wherein C represents a cationically curable group and R represents a radically curable group. The inks may be used to form an image by jetting the ink onto a transfuse member surface, increasing the viscosity of the ink upon the transfuse member surface, subsequently transferring the ink from the transfuse member surface to an image receiving substrate, and exposing the ink to radiation following the transfer to the image receiving substrate to effect reaction of the at least one reactive group.

Abstract: An epoxy resin composition, including: an epoxy resin (A) represented by Formula (1); an epoxy resin (B) having an epoxy equivalent of 220 or less and having twice or more epoxy groups in a molecule than epoxy groups of the epoxy resin (A); and a photocationic polymerization initiator (C), in which: the epoxy resins (A) and (B) constitute main components; and a weight of the epoxy resin (A) is 40% or more and a weight of the epoxy resin (B) is 30% or more with respect to a total weight of the epoxy resins (A) and (B): where: R represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, or a t-butyl group; represents an integer of 0 or more and 4 or less; and m represents an integer of 1 or more and 3 or less.

Abstract: A radiation-curable desiccant-filled adhesive/sealant composition comprising a radiation-curable resin, one or more desiccant fillers, one or more photoinitiators or photosensitizers, and optionally, one or more inorganic or organic fillers.

Abstract: An ultraviolet-curable composition for an optical disk which is used in producing the optical disk which includes a substrate and, formed thereover, at least both a light reflection layer and a light transmission layer and in which data is read using a laser beam striking from the light transmission layer side. The composition is used to form the light transmission layer. The ultraviolet-curable composition for an optical disk contains an epoxy(meth)acrylate, a (metha)acrylate having two radical-polymerizable unsaturated bonds, and a free-radical photopolymerization initiator, in which the (meth)acrylate having two radical-polymerizable unsaturated bonds contains a (meth)acrylate of a neopentyl glycol hydroxypivalate compound, the content of the (meth)acrylate of the neopentyl glycol hydroxypivalate compound is 10 to 40% by mass, and the content of the free-radical photopolymerization initiator is 1 to 4% by mass.

Abstract: Systems and methods that provide multi-attribute light effects, including one or more channels for each light effect, preferably both channels being provided in an array of solid state light emitters.

Abstract: A single phase curable composition for use in inkjet printing, comprising at least one cationically curable material, at least one cationic photoinitiator and water together with a method of inkjet printing such compositions is provided.

Abstract: A leather-like sheet is provided having a substrate layer and a surface skin layer in which the surface skin layer is composed of a cross-linked product of a polyurethane hot-melt composition containing 100 parts by mass of a urethane prepolymer, 5 parts by mass to 40 parts by mass of a coloring agent containing a polyol, 5 parts by mass to 50 parts by mass of multi-functional (meth)acrylate, and 0.5 parts by mass to 5 parts by mass of a photopolymerization initiator, wherein the urethane prepolymer can be obtained by reacting 5% to 50% of the number of isocyanate groups in a urethane prepolymer containing isocyanate groups that is obtained by reacting a polyol containing 40% by mass or more of polytetramethylene glycol and a polyisocyanate with a (meth)acrylate containing a hydroxyl group. This leather-like sheet has an excellent surface grade while maintaining excellent suppleness and bending resistance.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a radiation curable resin composition which comprises epoxy (meth)acrylate, a monofunctional (meth)acrylate, a bifunctional (meth)acrylate having a specific structure, and a bifunctional (meth)acrylate obtained from an aliphatic dihydric alcohol having an oxyalkylene structure and (meth)acrylic acid and further contains a thermoplastic resin, thereby causing satisfactory adhesion to plastic substrates, sufficient shape retention, and excellent shape recovery properties, and satisfaction in moldability including casting efficiency and shape reproducibility, as well as a high refractive index and appropriateness for use as a lens sheet.

Abstract: Compositions that can be polymerized and/or crosslinked into coatings by cationic and/or radical irradiation contain at least one photoinitiator and at least one compound having at least one isocyanate function.

Abstract: The present invention relates to biostable gel comprising: (a) at least one silicon-containing polyol, polyamine, polyepoxy or polyisocyanate having 1 or more functional groups and a molecular weight of at least 20,000 which is cured in the presence of: (b) at least one diol, diamine or diisocyanate having a molecular weight of less than 10,000; and/or (c) an initiator, processes for their preparation and their use in the manufacture and repair of biomaterials and medical devices, articles or implants, in particular the manufacture of asoft tissue implant such as breast implants and the repair of orthopaedic joints such as spinal discs.

Abstract: A fully curable jettable composition having a viscosity less than 30 cps at a temperature within the range of 15-180° C., more preferably at a temperature of 15-100° C., e.g. 60-80° C. the composition comprising: (A) at least one low viscosity reactive resin selected from the group consisting of compounds containing an oxetane ring, cycloaliphatic epoxy resins, tetrahydrofurans, hexahydropyrans and mono-functional (meth)acrylates, said resin having a molecular weight of not greater than 300 Daltons, e.g. 250 Daltons or less, and a viscosity at a temperature in the said range of less than 30 cps, e.g.

Abstract: A coating composition for optical member contains an epoxy group-containing compound, a photocationic polymerization initiator, an organic solvent, and inorganic particulates dispersed in the organic solvent.

Abstract: An active ray-curable ink comprising a pigment, a photoinitiator, a polymerizable compound, a compound represented by following Formula (1), and a urethane polymer or a urethane oligomer having no photopolymerizable group in a molecule: wherein at least either of R1 and R2 represents an alkoxy group having a carbon number of 4-10; and at least one of R3, R4, R5, and R6 represents an alkyl group, an alkylsulfonyl group, or an alkoxy group having a carbon number of 4-9, and has a secondary or tertiary carbon atom at a binding site to the anthracene ring.

Abstract: The present invention provides a low viscosity photocurable composition including (i) a cationically curable component (ii) a free radically active component (iii) an antimony-free cationic photoinitiator (v) a free radical photoinitiator, and (vi) a toughening agent. The photocurable composition can be cured using rapid prototyping techniques to form three-dimensional articles which can be used in various aerospace and investment casting applications.

Abstract: Photosensitive polybenzoxazine compositions include a photosensitive additive such as an o-diazoquinone and a polymer comprising a repeating unit represented by the following formula (I) wherein R1 comprises an aliphatic group, an alicyclic group, an aromatic group, a heterocyclic group, or combinations thereof, R2 comprises an aliphatic group, an alicyclic group, an aromatic group, a heterocyclic group, or combinations thereof, R4 comprises a hydrophilic group, a hydrophilic group protected by an acid-cleavable group, a hydrophilic group protected by a base-cleavable group, a cross-linkable group, or combinations thereof, and i represents an integer of 1 or more. The photosensitive compositions may be formed by combining a precursor polymer with a photosensitive additive and a solvent, patterning the precursor polymer, and heating the precursor polymer at a thermal processing temperature in a range of from about 180° C. to about 300° C. to convert the precursor polymer into the final polymer.