Abstract: Photocurable, addition polymerizable compositions contain an epoxy resin and a photoinitiator system containing (a) an epoxy resin and (b) a photoinitiator system comprising: (i) an iodonium salt; (ii) a visible light sensitizer; and (iii) an electron donor compound, wherein the photoinitiator system has a photoinduced potential of at least about 0 mV relative to a standard solution of 2.9.times.10.sup.-5 moles/g diphenyl iodonium hexafluoroantimonate and 1.5.times.10.sup.-5 moles/g camphorquinone in 2-butanone. The compositions cure on exposure to light in the visible spectrum and are useful in a variety of applications, including dental adhesives and composites.

Abstract: Provided is radiation-curable ink composition containing a radiation-curable carrier system containing at least one radiation-curable monomer or oligomer and at least one pigment dispersed in the radiation-curable carrier system in an amount sufficient to provide a color which is visible without magnification. The pigment is substantially insoluble in the radiation-curable carrier system whereby the particulate shape of the pigment is substantially retained in the radiation-curable carrier system. The pigment having a particle size that substantially avoids pigment induced microbending of an optical glass fiber coated with the ink coating.

Abstract: Wax coated silica matting agent wherein the silica is an amorphous silica having a pore volume of at least 1.5 cm.sup.3 /g, preferably at least 1.8 cm.sup.3 /g. The wax coating is present in the range from 6% to 15% by weight of the matting agent and comprises a synthetic polyethylene wax.

Abstract: UV-hardenable and thermally hardenable epoxy resins for the underfilling process in electrical and electronic components are provided. A new casting resin component has an increased storage stability at room temperature of at least 6 months and improved characteristics for the underfilling process including faster hardening and lower viscosity. Filler material with a maximum grain size of 20 .mu.m and a siloxane component are provided in addition to the casting resin formulation.

Abstract: A dental material based on polymerizable monomers is described which contains at least one polymerizable monomer which has liquid crystalline properties. Compared with traditional materials, the dental material displays a lower decrease in volume upon polymerization and, because of its low viscosity, higher filler contents can be achieved.

Abstract: A release coating composition containing about 50 to about 75 wt. % of an epoxy functional silicone; about 8 to about 25 wt. % of a reactive solvent; about 5 to about 25 wt. % of a reactive diluent; about 6 to about 12 wt. % of a wax-treated silica powder; and, about 2 to about 4 wt. % of a photoinitiator is disclosed. The composition is useful in preparing a low-gloss release coating for use on linerless labels.

Abstract: This invention relates to a liquid crystal display apparatus formed by sealing a liquid crystal between two substrates having electrodes and an alignment film with a seal material, the production process comprising the steps of attaching two substrates in a vacuum, compressing under atmospheric pressure to provide a uniform cell gap, a temporary hardening process of the seal material by ultraviolet ray irradiation and a main hardening process of the seal material by heating, wherein a radically polymerizable curing resin is used in the liquid crystal seal material. The method provides a liquid crystal display panel having a uniform cell gap, without dislocation of the alighnment between substrates, or discharge of uncured component of a seal material to the liquid crystal, capable of having a seal material firmly attached to the substrates even at panel corner portions, and having an excellent straightness and moisture resistance of the seal material.

Abstract: A liquid curable resin composition containing:(A) a polyfunctional (meth)acrylic compound having at least three (meth)acryloyl groups in a molecule;(B) a reaction product obtained by the reacting (i) an alkoxysilane compound having a polymerizable unsaturated group, a urethane bonding group and an organic group represented by the formula (1), ##STR1## and (ii) silica particles; (C) a silicone polymer; and(D) an irradiation sensitive initiator.The composition when coated on surfaces of plastic molded articles and other materials provides for superior slip characteristics and resistance to abrasions, stains, weather, solvents and alkali environments. The composition of the instant invention is particularly suitable as a hard coat material for plastic optical components, touch panels, film-type liquid crystal elements, molded plastic articles or as a stain-proof or scratch-proof coating for wall and flooring materials which are used as architectural interior finishings.

Abstract: Opaquely pigmented or thick filmed powder coatings for heat sensitive substrates, such as wood, wood composites, for example, medium density fiber board, and plastics, that can be fully cured, especially near the substrate, through the incorporation of a dual cure system in the powder comprising a thermal initiator, such as a peroxide, along with a UV initiator. The UV initiator cures the surface, while the thermal initiator cures at the substrate. Surprisingly, virtually no pregelation occurs during the heated melt and flow out step prior to UV curing. Consequently, the hardened film finish formed on the surface exhibits exceptional smoothness which is comparable to that of traditional UV curable powders. The hardened film finish is also fully cured throughout and exhibits exceptional adhesion to the substrate which cannot be achieved with traditional UV curable powders that have been pigmented.

Abstract: This invention relates to a liquid crystal display apparatus formed by sealing a liquid crystal between two substrates having electrodes and an alignment film with a seal material, the production process comprising the steps of attaching two substrates in a vacuum, compressing under atmospheric pressure to provide a uniform cell gap, a temporary hardening process of the seal material by ultraviolet ray irradiation and a main hardening process of the seal material by heating, wherein a radically polymerizable curing resin is used in the liquid crystal seal material. The method provides a liquid crystal display panel having a uniform cell gap, without dislocation of the alighnment between substrates, or discharge of uncured component of a seal material to the liquid crystal, capable of having a seal material firmly attached to the substrates even at panel corner portions, and having an excellent straightness and moisture resistance of the seal material.

Abstract: A photosensitive resin composition for cast molding, which has an ultraviolet transmittance of 0.05-5% as measured at a 1-mm thickness.

Abstract: The present invention provides the discovery of an improved radiation curable coating composition comprising at least one acrylic monomer, a photoinitiator, and an ultraviolet light absorber selected from triazine or a dibenzoyl resorcinol derivative or a mixture thereof, the dibenzoyl resorcinol derivative having the formula ##STR1## where Ar and Ar' are independently substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic or polycyclic aryl groups and R' is H or a linear or branched alkyl chain having less than about 10 carbons bearing a --Si(OR.sup.2).sub.3, where R.sup.2 is a C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alkyl group.

Abstract: A photopolymerizable material is provided that is suitable for use in the production of coatings or resists on printed circuit boards, for example The material is an ethylenically unsaturated polymerizable reaction product of a polyepoxide and a mixture of (i) a major proportion of an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid and (ii) a minor. proportion of a saturated aliphatic or aromatic carboxylic acid, the reaction product being further modified by reaction with a dicarboxylic acid or anhydride thereof.

Abstract: In a first aspect, a method for treating hard tissue that includes: (a) applying to hard tissue a composition that includes a cationically active functional group, a free radically active functional group, and a polymerization initiator capable of initiating free radical polymerization, where the number of moles of cationically active functional groups per gram of composition is no greater than about 0.0075; and (b) exposing the composition to polymerization conditions to form an adhesive bonded to the hard tissue.

Abstract: A method of reducing coefficient of friction of a silicone release coating and a corresponding a low coefficient of friction release coating composition are disclosed. The low coefficient of friction release coating composition includes: (a) an epoxy functional polyorganosiloxane; (b) a fine particle silicone resin; and (c) a photoinitiator.

Abstract: A photo-curable resin composition suitable as a material for photo-fabricating and capable of producing cured products with excellent mechanical strength and high heat resistance. Further disclosed is a process for molding a resin-based mold which provides superior molding dimensional precision and superb repetition durability. The resin composition contains a monomer component containing (A) 30-70 wt % of a polyfunctional unsaturated monomer having a cyclic structure and (B) 70-30 wt % of a monofunctional unsaturated monomer having a cyclic structure of which the homopolymer has a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 70.degree. C. or higher; (C) a photo-initiator; and (D) an inorganic filler having an average particle diameter or an average fiber length of 1-50 .mu.

Abstract: Photocurable resin compositions capable of producing plastic molds with improved durability by stereolithography in the presence of a photoinitiator includes unsaturated urethane of a specified kind, vinyl monomer of a specified kind, a filler and salt of phosphoric acid ester of specified kinds at a specified ratio.

Abstract: Adhesive coatings designed primarily for protecting, restoring, repairing, or modifying surfaces of, objects made of polymeric materials. Such coatings are particularly useful in application over worn, cracked, discolored, or otherwise defective objects made of polyacrylic, polystyrene, and polycarbonate resins. The adhesives of this invention are basically comprised of blends containing a substantial concentration of tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate and/or furfuryl methacrylate.

Abstract: A multilayer circuit board having a resolution in the range of 25-80 .mu.m, and blind via-holes having an aspect ratio in the range of 2.0-0.6 for effecting access between the layers, wherein an insulating layer between said layers having the blind via-holes has a glass transition temperature in the range of 150-220.degree. C., and an epoxy group photosensitive resin composition is used therefor. A photosensitive resin composition having a preferable resolution and heat resistance is obtained. A multilayer circuit board is provided in which the thermal stress generated in the steps of a reflow process, a gold wire bonding process and a repairing process in a bare chip mounting process was reduced, and peeling off of the conductor wiring and deformation of the multilayer circuit board caused by mechanical stresses during the heating processes were suppressed. Accordingly, a decrease in the size and weight of an electronic apparatus is possible.

Abstract: A curable composition for coating eyeglass lenses and other transparent substrates and capable of producing a hard coating, the index of refraction of which can be easily matched, through proper formulating, to the index refraction of the substrate to be coated to thereby avoid visible interference fringes. The composition comprises, in an organic solvent, a plurality of acrylate or methacrylate-functional monomers or oligomers and specifically including a (meth)acrylate-functional monomer having an (meth)acrylate-functionality of at least three and, when cured by itself, having a predetermined index of refraction. Optionally and preferably, the coating composition includes as well a different (meth)acrylate monomer having a functionality of one or more and, when cured by itself, exhibiting a different predetermined index of refraction.

Abstract: This invention relates to a liquid crystal display apparatus formed by sealing a liquid crystal between two substrates having electrodes and an alignment film with a seal material, the production process comprising the steps of attaching two substrates in a vacuum, compressing under atmospheric pressure to provide a uniform cell gap, a temporary hardening process of the seal material by ultraviolet ray irradiation and a main hardening process of the seal material by heating, wherein a radically polymerizable curing resin is used in the liquid crystal seal material. The method provides a liquid crystal display panel having a uniform cell gap, without dislocation of the alighnment between substrates, or discharge of uncured component of a seal material to the liquid crystal, capable of having a seal material firmly attached to the substrates even at panel corner portions, and having an excellent straightness and moisture resistance of the seal material.

Abstract: The invention relates to compositions of ionization-setting maleic resins and their use for manufacture of composite materials with a fibrous reinforcement. These compositions comprise a maleic resin and a reactive diluent made up of at lest one compound chosen from among dipentaerythritol pentacrylate and hydroxyethyl methacrylate, the total quantity of reactive diluent being between 10 and 70 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of maleic resin. They may also comprise a plasticizer such as bis-allylic resin. With these compositions it is possible to obtain composite materials set by ionization without additional post heat treatment.

Abstract: Visible light cured polymerizable thiol-ene compositions comprising at least one monomer or oligomer having a plurality of free-radically polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated groups, at least one compound having a plurality of thiol groups, at least one acyl phosphine oxide photoinitiator and optional adjuvants, such as stabilizers, pigments, fillers, and polymerization inhibitors are disclosed. The polymerized compositions are useful, as protective coatings, or anti-chip coatings or as repair putties on exterior coated substrates such as plastics, wood and metal, especially for the automotive and marine industries.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for modifying a fluoropolymer including the following steps: providing a fluoropolymer surface, adding a solution including a a reactive species to the fluoropolymer surface, and exposing the reduced fluoropolymer surface to ultraviolet radiation in the presence of ozone or oxygen. The method reduces the discoloration of the fluoropolymer.

Abstract: A novel method for producing thick composite parts based upon photopolymerizable compositions is disclosed. The constituents of the photopolymerizable mixture comprise a monomer or monomers capable of polymerizing by free radical or cationic mechanisms, and a photoinitiator system which possesses an absorbance characteristic which is effectively reduced, or self-eliminating, upon initiation of the polymerization reaction. Parts having thicknesses up to 2 cm and thicker for varying end use applications are made by photopolymerizing such compositions. In addition, using such compositions composite parts can be made using a reinforcement material such as a glass fiber mat present in an amount by weight of from about 5 to about 70%.

Abstract: A visible-light photopolymerizable composition comprising a) a cationically polymerizable epoxy resin, b) a hydroxyl-containing material c) an aryliodonium salt and d) a visible light sensitizer that is an alpha-dicarbonyl compound having an extinction coefficient less than about 1000. Particularly preferred compositions of the present invention are dental materials.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a hybrid cure mechanism developed to polymerize highly filled/loaded, optically opaque, acrylate polymeric material compositions by radiant energy. The hybrid cure mechanism, when incorporated into a resinous composition, can be utilized to repair surface coatings on high performance aircraft where an extended composition pot life or application life and rapid cure capability combined with an acceptable shelf life stability are required. More specifically, the present invention relates to an electrically conductive resinous paint or gap filler for a suitably prepared composite or metallic surface. The composition also has applications on a production line of high performance aircraft.

Abstract: Polyoxymethylene articles having a surface printable with an ultraviolet-curing ink are obtained by molding a polyoxymethylene and treating the molded article by ultraviolet irradiation, corona discharge, or electron-beam radiation until the surface has an X-ray photoelectron spectrum in which the ratio of the ?C--O!.sub.n bond peak at 302 eV to the C--C bond peak at 305 eV, i.e., the ?C--O!.sub.n bond peak/C--C bond peak ratio, is at least 2.5.

Abstract: A radiation curable filling material is used for a process of manufacturing a printed circuit board having plated landless through-holes. The material is filled in the through-holes and solidified in the through-holes via a photo polymerization to protect plated through-hole interior from an etching solution. The composition comprises a hydrophthalic acid monoester compound as a component (A); a catalyst for promoting photo polymerization of a vinyl group in the mono ester as a component (B); a highly transparent rosin having a Hazen color tone of 300 or less for the improvement of filling material transmission by radiation as a component (C), a powder of extender as a competent (D). The photo polymerization reaction occurs at the vinyl group of the hydrophthalic mono ester with the presence of the catalyst for promoting the photo polymerization. The rate of the reaction is enhanced by adding a vinyl compound such as an acrylate.

Abstract: A process for providing a metal oxide-containing coating on a compatible substrate, the coating being transparent to a photocuring source output and upon cure being resistant to electrical stress. The process of the invention comprises a) preparing a precursor composition comprising a mixture of a stabilizer and a metal oxide sol precursor material; b) combining the stabilizer/metal oxide sol precursor material mixture with a photocurable base resin without high shear mixing to achieve a homogeneous, transparent composition; c) coating the substrate material with the transparent composition; and d) photocuring the coated substrate bearing the transparent composition, wherein the cured coating is homogenous and transparent and remains transparent in the use state, thereby rendering the coating corona resistant. This invention further relates to the coated substrate.

Abstract: A single package adhesive for tooth bonding applications which comprises a bulk-water-free solvent-based homogeneous liquid containing:1) An ethylenically unsaturated monomer that possesses a hygroscopic functional group that (a) is capable of chemically reacting with and through the ethylenic bond of the ethylenically unsaturated-functional monomer of 2) below, and (b) provides the capacity for chemical bonding to the surface to which the adhesive is applied.

Abstract: A photocurable and thermosetting matte liquid resist composition developable with an aqueous alkali solution is disclosed. The composition comprises in combination (A) a photosensitive prepolymer having a carboxyl group in combination with at least two ethylenically unsaturated bonds in the molecular unit thereof, (B) a photopolymerization initiator, (C) a diluent, (D) an epoxy compound having at least two epoxy groups in the molecular unit thereof, and further (E) a finely pulverized aluminum silicate matting agent in combination with (F) a filler precipitation preventing agent capable of effective thixotropic adjustment in the composition. The composition may further comprise (G) an epoxy resin curing agent. The composition can be advantageously used for the formation of a solder resist on a printed circuit board.

Abstract: A visible-ray polymerizable composition comprising:(1) a monomer comprising a (meth)acrylate monomer; and(2) a visible-ray polymerization initiator comprising:(A) a coumarin dye;(B) at least one photo acid generator selected from the group consisting of a halo-alkyl substituted s-triazine derivative and a diphenyliodonium salt compound; and(C) an aryl borate compound.

Abstract: A method for curing polymers (11) incorporating a variable frequency microwave furnace system (10) designed to allow modulation of the frequency of the microwaves introduced into a furnace cavity (34). By varying the frequency of the microwave signal, non-uniformities within the cavity (34) are minimized, thereby achieving a more uniform cure throughout the workpiece (36). A directional coupler (24) is provided for detecting the direction of a signal and further directing the signal depending on the detected direction. A first power meter (30) is provided for measuring the power delivered to the microwave furnace (32). A second power meter (26) detects the magnitude of reflected power. The furnace cavity (34) may be adapted to be used to cure materials defining a continuous sheet or which require compressive forces during curing.

Abstract: A method of mutating a colorant in a composition which includes a colorant and a radiation transorber by irradiating the composition. The colorant, in the presence of the radiation transorber, is adapted, upon exposure of the transorber to specific, narrow bandwidth radiation, to be mutable. The radiation transorber also imparts light-stability to the colorant so that the colorant does not fade when exposed to sunlight or artificial light.

Abstract: A U.V. curable composition for application to a substrate surface to provide a static dissipative coating which comprises a conductive matrix constituent having a crown type ligand selected from the group consisting of podands, coronands and cryptands in a guest/host relationship with a conductive dopant moiety. Such ligands included those provided by functionalized podands and functionalized coronands. The formulation further includes a polymer matrix constituent formed of a base oligomer system and a crosslinking agent which is reactive with the base oligomer system to form a crosslinked resin matrix which incorporates the conductive matrix constituent. A low viscosity diluent functions as a solvating liquid for the crosslinking agent and the base oligomer system. The formulation further includes a photoinitiator of the free radical or cationic type to initiate polymerization of the composition upon the application of electromagnetic radiation in the ultraviolet range.

Abstract: A method is provided for making a radiation curable silicon containing polyacrylate hardcoat composition based on the use of a dispersion of colloidal silica in a C(3-5) branched aliphatic alcohol such as isopropyl alcohol. A reduction in the use of excess amounts of solvent along with avoiding gelation is achieved while allowing treatment of the colloidal silica dispersion with a alkoxysilylacrylate, followed by the employment of polyfunctional reactive acrylic monomer and stripping of the mixture.

Abstract: Structure, composition and method in which a fiber reinforcement is impregnated with an interpenetrating network of a light cure resin and a thermosetting resin which are independently curable, enabling autobody component repair, electronic assembly bonding, etc. by selective cure first of one or the other resin, and the support against fluid flow of the uncured resin by the first cured resin.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing a fibre-reinforced composite or a fibre-reinforced coating, which comprises impregnating reinforcing fibres with a radiation-curable composition comprising a polymerisable monomer and a polymer which is dissolved or dispersed in the monomer, and exposing the impregnated fibres to radiation to effect curing of the composition.

Abstract: A coating composition comprising (a) a crosslinking polymerizable compound (a-1) having at least two (meth)acryloyloxy groups in the molecule, or a mixture of this compound (a-1) and a compound (a-2) copolymerizable therewith, (b) finely divided silica having its surfaces modified by a hydrolyzate of a mixture composed of a silane compound (b-1) capable of forming a bond with component (a), and a silane compound (b-2) incapable of forming a bond with component (a), and (c) a high-energy radiation polymerization initiator. This coating composition can form a cured film having high surface hardness and excellent weather resistance, and can be applied in solventless form.

Abstract: Coatable compositions suitable for use in producing abrasive articles are presented. The inventive coatable compositions comprise a free radically polymerizable composition, abrasive particles, and a photoinitiator system. The photoinitiator system consists essentially of a compound which cleaves via .alpha.-cleavage and has a molar absorptivity in dilute methanol solution ranging from about 4 to about 400 liter/mole-cm in at least some portion of the UV/visible spectrum ranging from about 395 and about 500 nanometers. Abrasive articles incorporating cured versions of the compositions are presented, as well as methods of making and using the articles.

Abstract: Polymer blend for insulating electrical wires comprises a first polymer (polyester) having an inherent L.O.I. not higher than 21% and up to 40% by weight of a polyimide-siloxane (PIS) copolymer. Preferred polyesters are polybutylene terephthalate or polyester-ester block copolymers. Preferred wire constructions have core insulation layer of polyethylene or polyester overlaid with jacket of the polyester/PIS copolymer blend.

Abstract: A printing ink for the printing of security documents by the method of engraved steel die printing, having a viscosity of at least 1 Pa.multidot.s at 40.degree. C. under a shear of about 1000 sec.sup.-1, containing a binder matrix, a polymerization initiator for polymerizable matrix components, fillers and pigments, and the usual additives. The binder matrix contains at least one cationically polymerizable compound, modified to bring about the desired rheology of the ink, and the photoinitiator, activable by UV, heat and EB, is an onium salt capable of releasing a Lewis or Bronsted acid.This ink has best and very rapid drying characteristics.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for preparing a UV-curable coating material comprising the steps of effecting a hydrolysis reaction of (a-1) 40 to 90 parts by weight of colloidal silica, and (a-2) 60 to 10 parts by weight of a hydrolyzate of an alkoxy silane compound containing not less than 50% by weight of a compound of the formula (I) ##STR1## replacing the dispersion medium of the colloidal silica with a nonpolar solvent when the amount of dehydration is in the range of 50 to 90% of theoretical value; and effecting a further condensation reaction while maintaining in the state of 30 to 90% by weight of solid components in the presence of the nonpolar solvent.A coating composition containing the UV-curable coating material can form an anti-abrasion-coating film having excellent abrasion resistance, surface smoothness, thermal resistance, chemical resistance, durability, weather resistance and adhesion to the substrate.

Abstract: A gel-free silica acrylate curable coating composition made from one or more of soluble salts, soaps, amines, nonionic and anion surfactants, acids or mixtures thereof, and a method for producing these compositions.

Abstract: A sealing compound for use in production of a liquid crystal display unit, comprises isobornyl(meth)acrylate, epoxy acrylate, a photopolymerizable initiator, epoxy resin having one or more polymerizable groups in one molecule, a latent thermosetting agent obtained by pretreating imidazole compounds, adducts of imidazole compounds and carboxylate of imidazole compounds, and/or adducts of imidazole compounds and epoxy resin with isocyanate compounds. The sealing compound is applicable particularly for sealing liquid crystal in between substrates of the liquid crystal display unit, and can secure the electrode substrates without misregistration of the substrates and uneven separation of the substrates.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition comprising (a) a carboxyl-group containing multifunctional acrylate; (b) a multifunctional acrylate having three or more acryloyl groups in the molecule; (c) an organic solvent; and optionally, (d) a photopolymerization initiator, (e) a colloidal metal oxide and (f) an acrylic resin is provided. This composition is applied to a plastic substrate and then irradiated with active energy rays, thereby forming a hard-coating layer having good adhesiveness to the substrate, transparency and hardwearing properties.

Abstract: A photocurable putty or molding which is photocurable at a thickness of 20 mm by sunlight. The composition comprises a photocurable resin photoinitiator and as a filler aluminum trihydrate in an amount of about 12 to 70% by weight of composition.

Abstract: A balancing compound comprising an epoxy resin, a photoinitiator in an effective amount to cure the resin at ambient temperatures upon the application of ultraviolet light (10 nm to 400 nm) of less than 40 watts per square centimeter in less than about 30 seconds, and a filler in an effective amount to give the compound a specific gravity above 1.1.

Abstract: A dimensionally stable, UV hardenable polymeric composition is provided in which a conductive filler material is combined with a solventless resin formulation comprising a low viscosity epoxide compound, a photo initiator, and a thermal cure initiator. The properties of the polymeric composition may be adjusted through the addition of reactive diluents, poly alcohol flexiblizers, and acrylate based polymers, photo initiators, and thermal cure initiators. Conductive traces produced by extruding the polymeric composition through a syringe are subjected to a preliminary UV hardening step followed by deposition of an insulator layer and additional conductive traces, until all layers of conductive traces have been deposited. The structure is then subjected to heat until the conductive traces are fully cured. The formulation and the process described produce traces with bulk conductivity at least two times higher than any comparable conductive polymer, without using solvents.