Abstract: A friction material containing from about 0.5-29 wt % of carbonaceous fibers with a bond nitrogen content of from about 14 to 21 wt %, an auxiliary material and a thermosetting resin. The material has good wear and temperature resistance characteristics and can be used in power transmissions and brakes.

Abstract: In a friction material wherein sponge iron is a principle friction producing component especially on initial engagement during a brake application, the improvement wherein 10-50% of the sponge iron is replaced with mill scale without a substantial change in the operational characteristics of the friction material.

Abstract: A method for the manufacture of shaped frictional elements is provided. The method comprises mixing a first portion of a frictional filler with from 5% to 30% of certain liquid, alkaline, phenol-formaldehyde resins; mixing a second portion of the same or a different frictional filler with a liquid ester curing catalyst for the phenyl-formaldehyde resin; intimately mixing the first and second portions; and allowing the resultant mixture to cure in a mould. A composition comprising a frictional filler, the above resin, and a curing catalyst is also provided. The disclosed method is quick and economical and is carried out at room temperature without the hazards and inconveniences associated with heated moulds.

Abstract: A molded resin friction material composition for automobiles or the like. This composition contains as base fibers chopped glass fibers and pulped polyamide fibers in a given compounding ratio. This composition enables to produce brake lining having a high friction coefficient, a low wear ratio, and an improved fade. The fade can be further improved by adding cryolite powder and zirconium oxide powder to the composition.

Abstract: A molded resin composition of frictional material for use in clutches of automobiles or the like, comprising inorganic fiber, a resin binder, an inorganic filler and an organic filler, wherein the inorganic filler contains zirconium silicate in an amount from 0.1 to 5.0% by volume based on 100% by volume of the total composition. This composition of frictional material enables the production of clutches having excellent balanced properties between the improvement of .mu. (friction coefficient) and anti-wearing properties.

Abstract: Non-asbestos brake pads made of reinforcing, temperature resistant, web-forming fibers such as aromatic polyamide pulp, optionally including other fibers and friction and wear modifiers is described. The brake pads have an actual density not greater than 88% and not less than a 60% theoretical density. The pads are made by the slurry process in which the pad-forming constituents are fed as a slurry into a mold, dewattered and compressed, dried to a preform then heated and pressed to consolidate the preform to substantially the finished density without completely curing the binder. The consolidated pad is then baked to fully cure the binder.

Abstract: A friction and abrasion controlling additive for friction coating mixtures, especially for the formation of brake pad materials is provided which utilizes TiS.sub.2 as the additive.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing clutch driven plates wherein a castellated core plate is sandwiched between two clutch facing annuli in which the thermosetting binder is substantially uncured. The assembly is clamped together and heated to cure the binder and bond the annuli to the core plate.The friction material of the facing annuli is pushed under the clamping pressure into the spaces between the castellations of the core plate and in the preferred clutch driven plates made by this method the inner surfaces of the facing annuli come into contact but do not bond together substantially.

Abstract: A composition of matter for use as a friction material having soft malleable metallic (zinc) powder therein to attenuate low frequency vibrations that produce undesirable noise during a brake application.

Abstract: A friction brake material contains fibers, graphite and a binder. All or part of the graphite is physically combined with one or more metals or alloys which are softer than steel to form a first combination or mixture. A separate combination or mixture is formed to include friction increasing fibers in a binder. Both mixtures are then combined to form the friction brake material which has an ability to cause substantially less creaking noise upon brake application as compared to differently prepared friction brake material.

Abstract: A friction material comprising 40 to 95% by volume of a granular material and a thermoset binder resin for binding said granular material, said granular material having been produced by binding at least one powder material with a binder resin so that at least 50% by weight of the granules has a particle size between 140 mesh on and 7 mesh pass, which has good fade resistance and wear resistance.

Abstract: A composition of material for use as a friction material for a brake lining wherein steel fiber is the only metallic ingredient and the holding matrix is formed by rubber particles and phenolic resin. The holding matrix being strengthened by a reaction of the resin with calcium hydroxide. When the steel fiber comprises from 25-48% by weight of the total mixture and the rubber particles and phenolic resin comprise 17-25% by weigh of the total mixture, a sufficient structural unity is produced for the resulting friction material to withstand dynamic loading experienced during a brake application.

Abstract: A non-asbestos friction composition capable of manufacturing in dry process is disclosed characterized in that, to a composition used 1 to 10 vol. % of aramid fiber pulp and 10 to 40 vol. % of inorganic fibers and added with binder resin and friction modifier, 1 to 6 vol. % of cork powder is added as a processing aid.

Abstract: A friction material particularly useful for vehicle brakes comprises a friction material body including a plurality of steel fibers. Each steel fiber includes at least 0.07% by weight of sulphur, at least 0.10% by weight of phosphorus, or at least 0.15% by weight of both sulphur and phosphorus. The friction material exhibits high friction coefficients and less abrasion with respect to materials against which it bears as compared to conventional wear materials utilizing steel fibers.

Abstract: A friction material having particular use in brake pads for motor vehicles. The material includes iron powder as its chief constituent. In addition, the material contains phosphorous (P) of 0.02% or more of sulfur (S) of 0.02% or more or combined P and S of 0.03% or more.

Abstract: A non-asbestos clutch facing has an actual density such that the facing is permeable to air. The clutch facing is preferably a moulded facing containing short reinforcing fibres and having an actual density not greater than 90% of theoretical.The facing may be made by a technique in which a pre-form is prepared, moulded to the desired density and then cured under a pressure such as not to cause substantial further density change.

Abstract: The invention provides a friction member having high heat resistance and wearing resistance useful as a brake shoe or brake block in traffic vehicles and industrial machines. The friction member is prepared by consolidating a fibrous base material, e.g. asbestos, with a resinous binder which is a phenolic resin modified with an organopolysiloxane which characteristically comprises, in a molecule, at least one tetrafunctional siloxane unit of the formula SiO.sub.2 and/or at least one trifunctional siloxane unit of the formula R.sup.1 SiO.sub.1.5, in which R.sup.1 is a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Low density friction products composed of non-asbestos reinforcing fibers embedded in a matrix of binder material, optionally including friction and wear modifiers, are described in which the actual density of the product is less than 72% of the theoretical density. Clutch facings of this density exhibit improved wear characteristics, lower inertia and increased burst strength.

Abstract: The compositions of friction element for molding and the friction element for molding formed from the composition characterizing by addition of any one or more than two of the cermet powder (A) contained 75-50% of the mixed carbon and 25-50% of the alloy of stainless and iron series, the cermet powder (B) contained 75-50% of the mixed carbon and 25-50% of the alloy of tungsten and iron and/or the alloy of molybdenum and iron series or the cermet powder (E) of 75-50% of the mixed carbon and 25-50% of metal iron series, in range of 15-50%.

Abstract: Method for the production of friction linings, in which a mixture of fibers and wetting agents with water, in a fiber:water-mixture ratio from about 1:3 to 1:7, in the presence of plastifying components, is homogenized, the so formed plastic mass is shaped into a formed body, the formed body is dried, and then strengthened and hardened under heat and pressure. According to a variation, additives are first intensively mixed in after homogenization of the mixture containing fibers, wetting agent, plastifying component and water. The plastifying component may be a pectin, a polysaccharide, a vegetable glue or a viscose solution, in particular algin or gum arabic. Moreover, the plastifying component may be a colloid, in particular an aqueous colloid. It may also be a fiber colloid. In that case, it is preferred for the fiber colloid content to be greater than about 30% by weight.

Abstract: A composition of material for use as a friction material in a brake and its method of manufacture. Liquid double salts of dibasic and monobasic (ammonium-potassium hydrogen) phosphoric acid (DSP) is added to a dry mixture of reinforcing fiber, friction modifiers, fillers and phenolic resin to create a high viscosity slurry. Thereafter, a metallic (magnesium) oxide and para formaldehyde (para) are added to the slurry. Molds which have been previously heated are filled with the slurry and any excess removed. The metallic oxide reacts with the DSP and the para reacts with the phenolic resin to create a two binder matrix for holding the reinforcing fiber, friction material and fillers in a fixed relationship corresponding to the shape of a brake pad. The brake pads are removed from the molds and transported to a ventilated chamber where the internal curing proceeds at or near ambient temperature to complete the manufacture of the brake pad.

Abstract: A brake system of a semi-metallic friction material and a braking component is characterized in that the friction material contains a metallic fiber and/or a metallic powder, a part or all of which has a lower hardness than that of the braking component.

Abstract: A friction material suitable for use as a bearing, comprising:(a) 20-40 weight percent phenolic resin;(b) 5-15 weight percent graphite;(c) 0.5-3.5 weight percent carbon black;(d) 40-60 weight percent of a non-asbestos containing refractory fiber comprising at least 25 wt. % CaO and 35 wt. % SiO.sub.2 ; and(e) 4-10 weight percent acrylic fiber.

Abstract: A friction material for use as a brake lining in automobiles, trucks, buses or similar vehicles. The brake lining contains no more than traces of asbestos and utilizes the mineral vermiculite as a basic constituent. The formulation of the brake lining comprises a non-fibrous natural or synthetic mineral or mineral-like material which on being compressed at ambient temperatures and at pressures of 1700 to 2600 p.s.i. has significant green strength in the order of 2 to 25 p.s.i. and also has appropriate thermal resistance, frictional properties, and shear and flexural strengths, together with a thermosetting resin as the basic components together with other organic and inorganic materials as friction modifiers and fillers. The mineral preferably comprises vermiculite, and together with the resin comprises preferably about 35% to 100% by weight of the brake lining formulation. The ratio by weight of resin to vermiculite is preferably in a range having a upper limit not exceeding about 1.2/1 to 1.

Abstract: A pad-type friction material containing an inorganic fibrous material, a binder, zinc oxide and molybdenum sulfide. It contains no asbestos. The preferred fibrous material is wollastonite or a mixture of wollastonite and glass.

Abstract: A friction material for brake linings is formed using a polystilbazole resin (3-16% by weight) to provide the matrix for the material. The balance of the material is filler material such as steel wool, metal powders, carbon, ceramic powders, and friction modifiers. The lining is produced by mixing the ingredients and hot pressing the mixture at temperatures which promote the flow and cure of the resin, and at pressures which produce a material of suitable density.

Abstract: Chemically reactive liquids such as catalyzed monomers and prepolymers are mixed with finely divided solids to form a homogeneous blend by chilling the liquid to a temperature below its solidification point, forming it into finely divided solidly frozen particulates, chilling the finely divided solids to a temperature below the solidification temperature of the reactive liquid and mixing the materials together without allowing the temperature to rise to the liquid solidification point. The admixture may then be formed into a permanent shape by warming to a temperature whereat the frozen liquid melts and the liquid is caused to react.

Abstract: A friction lining suitable for brakes, clutches etc. comprises mineral fibres which contain alumina, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, silica, SiO.sub.2, and lime, CaO. The mineral fibres have a percentage by weight of alumina, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, of between 18% and 25%, a percentage by weight of silica, SiO.sub.2, of between 38% and 45% and a percentage by weight of lime, CaO, of between 23% and 33% and preferably of the order of 27%. Moreover, the mineral fibres contain iron oxide, Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3, in a proportion by weight of between 0.5% and 1%, alkali metal oxides, Na.sub.2 O and K.sub.2 O, in a proportion by weight of between 4% and 10% and magnesia, MgO, in a proportion by weight of between 0.5% and 3%.

Abstract: A friction material for use as a brake lining in automobiles, trucks, buses or similar vehicles. The brake lining contains no more than traces of asbestos and utilizes the mineral vermiculite as a basic constituent. The formulation of the brake lining comprises a non-fibrous natural or synthetic mineral or mineral-like material which on being compressed at ambient temperatures and at pressures of 1700 to 2600 p.s.i. has significant green strength in the order of 2 to 25 p.s.i. and also has appropriate thermal resistance, frictional properties, and shear and flexural strengths, together with a thermosetting resin as the basic components together with other organic and inorganic materials as friction modifiers and fillers. The mineral preferably comprises vermiculite, and together with the resin comprises preferably about 35% to 100% by weight of the brake lining formulation. The ratio by weight of resin to vermiculite is preferably in a range having a upper limit not exceeding about 1.2/l to 1.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an organic friction material comprising 5 to 25% by volume of metallic fiber, 3 to 40% by volume of activated carbon, 3 to 15% by volume of carbon fiber, 7 to 47% by volume of an organic and inorganic filling material and 10 to 30% by volume of phenolic resin.

Abstract: An asbestos-free friction material containing "soft" glass fibers. The friction material, in a clutch or brake apparatus, is characterized by unusually smooth, quiet, vibrationless operation.

Abstract: A friction material for use as a brake lining in automobiles, trucks, buses or similar vehicles. The brake lining contains no more than traces of asbestos and utilizes the mineral vermiculite as a basic constituent. The formulation of the brake lining comprises a non-fibrous natural or synthetic mineral or mineral-like material together with a small quantity of non-asbestos fibers and acicular mineral particles which on being compressed at ambient temperatures and at pressures of 1700 to 2600 p.s.i. has significant green strength in the order of 2 to 25 p.s.i. and also has appropriate thermal resistance, frictional properties, and shear and flexural strengths, together with a thermosetting resin as the basic components together with other organic and inorganic materials as friction modifiers and fillers. The mineral preferably comprises vermiculite, and together with the resin comprises preferably about 35% to 95% by weight of the brake lining formulation.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an organic friction material comprising 5 to 25% by volume of metallic fiber, 3 to 40% by volume of activated carbon, 3 to 15% by volume of carbon fiber, 7 to 47% by volume of an organic or inorganic filling material and 10 to 30% by volume of phenolic resin.

Abstract: An asbestos-free friction material useful for brake linings, clutches, etc. comprising 5 to 25% by weight of a hardenable binder or binder mixture, a reinforcing fibrous material and conventional fillers, abrasives and lubricants the said reinforcing material consisting essentially of 1 to 50% by weight of diabase fibers with an average fiber length of 100 to 750 .mu.m and 1 to 44% by weight of metal fibers, metal wool or metal in the form of chips, powder or lamella, especially steel.

Abstract: Product usable for manufacturing industrial articles such as friction linings for clutches and brakes. This product comprises a fine fibrous steel powder having a loose density of 0.2 to 1.5 g/c.c. with a carbon content of 0.95 to 1.10% by weight, the chromium content by weight ranging from 1.30% to 1.60%. The powder has a micrographic structure which, when observed in a plane intersecting a metal particle, shows a fine distribution of iron and chromium spherular carbides having the formula (Fe, Cr).sub.3 C in a mixed high-strength martensite and deformable austenite matrix.

Abstract: A tire which has an outer and an inner layer of compound in the non-skid portion of the tread thereof. The outer layer is composed of a lower rolling resistance compound than the inner layer is composed. The inner layer is composed of a compound which provides better traction than the compound of the outer layer provides.

Abstract: The addition of aramid polymer pulp fiber to non-asbestos type friction material compositions results in a marked improvement in the flexural strength and structural integrity of preforms used in the manufacture of friction elements. The consequent handling characteristics of the preform lead to significant improvements in ease of manufacturing of the friction element.

Abstract: An improved process for molding fiber-reinforced articles and in particular, those articles which are formed from monofilaments such as metal fibers and processed mineral fibers of the slag type. The fiber-containing molding composition is enclosed in a restraining means, such as a bag, and placed in a mold and formed during which time the bag advantageously deteriorates.

Abstract: An asbestos-free friction material useful for brake linings, clutches, etc. comprising 5 to 25% by weight of a hardenable binder or binder mixture, 1 to 70% by weight of a reinforcing fibrous material and conventional additives, the said reinforcing material consisting essentially of 2.5 to 12% by weight of aramide fibers, 6 to 25% by weight of mineral fibers and 16 to 36% by weight of steel fibers and optionally 5 to 20% by weight of powdered mica.

Abstract: Heat-treated palygorskite clay, such as attapulgite having controlled low moisture and carbonate content, is used with steel wool or other non-asbestos fiber in asbestos-free friction material compositions such as clutch linings, brake pads, truck blocks and the like. These compositions include conventional fillers, lubricants, wear modifiers and the like in order to achieve friction and wear properties comparable to asbestos-based materials.

Abstract: A friction material useful in automobile brakes and the like, comprises as a reinforcing agent steel wool coated with a thermosetting resin such as a phenolic resole resin.

Abstract: In a non-asbestos friction material comprising ferrous metal particle and/or ferrous metal fiber, organic dust, inorganic substance, lubricant, metal powder, fibrous reinforcing material and thermosetting resin, the friction material being characterized in containing 0.01-5.0 wt. % of at least one material selected from the group consisting of boric acid, borate, phosphoric acid and phosphate as an anticorrosive component. Further, in the non-asbestos friction material containing rubber, organic friction dust, inorganic powder, lubricant, non-ferrous metal powder and/or non-ferrous fiber, fibrous reinforcing material, thermosetting resin and other friction material, the friction material characterized in containing at least one material selected from the group consisting of boric acid, borate, phosphate acid and phosphate as an anti-corrosive component and containing no ferrous component.