Abstract: Provided are an ink jet ink set, an ink jet recording method, and an ink jet recording apparatus each of which can reduce the graininess of an image to be recorded and improve the water fastness of the image even in a recording medium such as plain paper. The ink jet ink set has a first ink and a second ink independently, and is used so that the first and second inks overlap each other at least partly upon application of the inks to a recording medium. The first ink contains at least a pigment and a silicone oil. The second ink contains at least a pigment and a graft polymer that includes at least a nonionic unit represented by the general formula (I) and a unit having a polysiloxane structure.

Abstract: A non-aqueous pigment ink comprising a pigment, a pigment dispersant and a non-aqueous solvent, wherein the pigment dispersant is an acrylic polymer comprising, as constituent monomers, (M1) an alkyl (meth)acrylate having an alkyl group of 12 or more carbon atoms, (M2) a (meth)acrylic acid derivative having an amino group, and (M3) (meth)acrylic acid and/or a (meth)acrylic acid derivative having a carboxyl group, in which a combination of all the constituent monomers comprises from 8 to 15 mol % of the monomer (M2) and from 0.6 to 8 mol % of the monomer (M3), and the molar ratio (M2)/(M3) between the monomer (M2) and the monomer (M3) is within a range from 1.3 to 15.

Abstract: The invention is to provide a metal ink composition for ink-jet and more particularly, a metal ink composition which causes no formation of cracks on a PCB substrate, allows a low curing temperature, and provides improved adhesive strength even after coating.

Abstract: A recording ink containing a pigment dispersion, a surfactant, a water-dispersible resin, a humectant and water. The pigment dispersion contains a pigment dispersant, which is an anionic surfactant or a nonionic surfactant having an HLB value of 10 to 20. The pigment dispersion also contains a polymer dispersion stabilizer, which is an alpha-olefin/maleic anhydride copolymer expressed by the formula (1) below, where R is an alkyl group having 6 to 25 carbon atoms, and where the mass average molecular weight of the copolymer is 5000 to 20000. An ink cartridge, an inkjet recording method, an inkjet recording apparatus, and an ink recorded matter, each employing the recording ink, are also provided.

Abstract: A flexographic and/or rotogravure printing ink used on non-woven substrates contains polyurethane resin, solvent, and colorant.

Abstract: An extender for flexographic and other ink compositions and inks using such extender where potato starch serves as the ink carrier and an emulsion resin. The use of potato starch provides for a readily available, cost effective, substantial and environmentally friendly alternative to petroleum and soy based resins.

Abstract: The present invention is a method which erase information printed on a recording medium if necessary and thus reuse the recording medium, and includes 1) decolorable ink compositions which are not erased during the use but erased by a dye readily decolorable by a decolorant, 2) a decolorant composition including a thermal initiator or photoinitiator, and 3) a method for coating the decolorant and applying heat or irradiating UV to erase the dye. According to the present invention, it is possible to prepare various writing inks, and particularly, when applied to recording medium with a magnetic stripe as well as the general purpose papers, it is possible to reduce the production cost significantly, obtain a large import substitution effect of the magnetic ink all of which are imported, and largely reduce the environmental pollution.

Abstract: A metallic ink includes 30% to 80% water, 0.4% to 10% color pigments having a particle size ?6 ?m, 1% to 15% dissolved resin from the group consisting of maleate resin and/or maleic acid modified rosin, 1% to 15% metallic pigments having a particle size distribution D50<25 ?m, 1% to 20% humectants, 0.1% to 10% additives and a viscosity of 5-10 mPa·s (Brookfield, CPE-40 spindle, 20 rpm). An applicator for applying the ink is also provided.

Abstract: Provided is an active energy ray-curable inkjet ink comprising a pigment and polymerizable monomers that is superior in nozzle ejection stability, adhesiveness to recording medium and storage stability, wherein the polymerizable monomers comprise N-acryloyloxyethyl hexahydrophthalimide.

Abstract: An ink composition, contains: an organic solvent, a metal pigment, and a resin, in which the organic solvent contains, based on the total amount of the ink composition, 60% by mass or more of diethylene glycol diethylether, 24 to 37% by mass of ?-butyrolactone and/or tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether, and more than 1% by mass and lower than 5% by mass of tetraethylene glycol monobutyl ether, and the 50% average particle diameter in terms of sphere determined by a light scattering method of the metal pigment is 0.8 to 1.2 ?m.

Abstract: The invention provides an ink composition containing at least: a water-soluble organic solvent; a pigment; water; and a nonionic polymer thickener. The content of the water-soluble organic solvent is from 5 weight % to 30 weight % relative to the total amount of the ink composition. The ratio of Vhigh/Vlow, in which Vhigh represents 25° C. viscosity (mPa·s) measured at a shear rate of 1.5×105 (s?1) and Vlow represents 25° C. viscosity (mPa·s) measured at a shear rate of 3.0×103 (s?1), is from 0.70 to 0.95. The invention further provides an image formation method including at least ejecting the ink composition onto an image recording medium using an image formation apparatus to form an image on the image recording medium.

Abstract: A solid ink that includes an ink carrier and a resinous compound of the formulas or a salt thereof, wherein G1 is —X1C(O)OR1, —X2OC(O)R2, or —X2OH; G2 is R4, R12, —C(O)R2, —C(O)X1C(O)OR1, or —C(O)X2OC(O)R2; R1 is an alkyl having from 10 to 80 carbon atoms; R2 is an alkyl having from 2 to 40 carbon atoms; each R3 and R4 is independently hydrogen, alkyl, arylalkyl or alkylaryl; each R5 and each R6 is independently hydrogen or alkyl; X1 and X2 are both a straight or branched alkylene group; t1 is 1 to 20; t2 and t3 is independently 0 to 20; u1 is 1 to 30; u2 and u3 is independently 0 to 30; each R7 and each R8 is independently hydrogen, alkyl, or alkoxyl; each R9 and each R10 is independently hydrogen, alkyl, or alkoxyl; Ar is a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic moiety; p is 1 to 5; q is 1 to 12; A? is selected from the group consisting of Cl?, Br?, I?, HSO4?, HSO3?, CH3SO3?, NO3?, HCOO?, CH3COO?, H2PO4?, SCN?, ClO4?, SSO3?, PF6?, and SbCl6?; and J is alkyl, arylalkyl, or alkylaryl.

Abstract: The invention provides an aqueous ink comprising a polymer having hydroxyl groups and a pigment, which can provide images excellent in scratch resistance and highlighter resistance and can inhibit the seeping out phenomenon of the polymer and the deterioration of ejection characteristics even when it is stored for a long period of time. The aqueous ink comprises a polymer having hydroxyl groups, a pigment and a water-soluble organic solvent, wherein the water-soluble organic solvent comprises a polyhydric alcohol having a value of number of hydroxyl groups/number of carbon atoms in its molecule of 0.50 or less.

Abstract: The present invention relates to coating and printing ink compositions containing silylated polyether compounds comprising a hydrolysis-resistant bis-silyl hydrocarbylene group. More particularly, the silylated polyether compound comprising a bis-silyl hydrocarbylene group provides to the coating and ink compositions formulation flexibility over the entire pH range, leveling-and-flow and surface wetting, and are non-reactive with the other components of the coating and ink compositions, thereby providing long-term shelf-stability of formulated coatings and inks. These coating and ink compositions containing silylated polyether compounds do not release silicone materials and thereby provide articles treated with these coatings and ink compositions with uniform appearance and gloss.

Abstract: Linear block copolymers that have at least one hydrophilic block and at least one hydrophobic block, wherein the hydrophilic block of the copolymer has at least one carboxylic acid functionality (or salt thereof) that can readily decarboxylate. These copolymers are useful as binders and/or dispersants in inkjet inks.

Abstract: The ink of the invention comprises a mixture of finely subdivided polyethylene powder, an aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon solvent, a dispersing agent, an indicia material additive such as a dye or pigment and/or a physical property enhancing additive such as alumina, glass beads, silica, metal flakes, etc. Preferably high and very high molecular weight polyethylene is used, alone or in mixture with lower density polyethylene in amounts from 25 to 45 weight percent in the ink. The polyethylene can have a particle size from 1 nanometer to 150 microns, preferably from 0.1 to 100 microns. The printing ink can be used to prepare a transfer having a decorative layer printed onto a carrier sheet. Various printing methods can be used to prepare the transfer such as gravure printing with etched or engraved chrome-plated or copper rolls; flexography printing with a flexible printing plate; and screen printing. The preferred method is screen printing.

Abstract: Provided are an encapsulated colorant, a method of preparing the same, and an ink composition including the encapsulated colorant.

Abstract: The present invention provides an actinic energy radiation curable ink-jet ink exhibiting excellent ink storage stability, nozzle ink repellency, and ejection stability, and also exhibiting excellent curability, anti-abrasion properties, solvent resistance, flexibility, weather resistance, and substrate adhesion properties even under various ambience factors and irradiation conditions, as well as an ink-jet recording method and printed matter using the same. In an actinic energy radiation curable ink-jet ink containing a cationically polymerizable compound and a photo-cationic polymerization initiator, an actinic energy radiation curable ink-jet ink wherein a cationically polymerizable compound having a vinyl ether group as a reactive group is contained at 50.0% by mass or more and the halogen ion content is 1.0 ?g/g of the ink-100 ?g/g of the ink.

Abstract: An ink composition is provided that includes (A) a polymerizable silicone compound having an ethylenically unsaturated group and a silicone chain, (B) tetrahydrofurfuryl (meth)acrylate, and (C) a radical polymerization initiator. There are also provided an inkjet recording method that includes (a1) a step of discharging onto a recording medium the ink composition and (b1) a step of curing the ink composition by irradiating the discharged ink composition with actinic radiation, a printed material obtained by the inkjet recording method, and a process for producing a formed printed material that includes (a2) a step of forming an image on a support by discharging the ink composition by an inkjet method, (b2) a step of obtaining a printed material having a cured image on the support by irradiating the obtained image with actinic radiation so as to cure the ink composition, and (c2) a step of molding the printed material.

Abstract: A dispersing agent characterized in that said dispersing agent is prepared by reacting primary and/or secondary amino groups of an amine compound comprising a polyamine (C) with isocyanate groups of a urethane prepolymer (E) having two isocyanate groups in one terminal region, wherein said urethane prepolymer (E) has been prepared by reacting hydroxyl groups in a vinyl polymer (A) having two hydroxyl groups in one terminal region with isocyanate groups in diisocyanates (B), and in that an amine number of said dispersing agent is 1 to 100 mgKOH/g is disclosed. The dispersing agent of the present invention has excellent dispersibility, flowability, and storage stability when used in small quantities. A pigment-dispersed product can be prepared therefrom, independently of the kinds of binder resin or solvent used. Further, the present invention is suitable for offset ink, gravure ink, resist ink for a color filter, inkjet ink, coating composition, and colored resin composition.

Abstract: The present invention provides a chemical ink comprises a solvent, a binder polymer, a colorant and optionally a crosslinker. The ink of the invention has one or more of the following characteristics: a viscosity lower than about 50 centipoises; a surface tension of from about 20 mN/m to about 60 mN/m; a particle size of less than about 5 ?m; prolonged stability; an appropriate color level (visible by eye); uniform drop formation; jet stability; good adhesion to contact lenses; good transfer from a mold to a lens made in the mold; and stability of ink in inkjet nozzles. The ink of the invention is useful for inkjet printing of a high-quality color image on a contact lens or a mold so as to produce a colored contact lens.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are inks including an aqueous vehicle; at least one encapsulant-dispersed pigment; and at least one block copolymer binder dispersed throughout the aqueous vehicle and having Structure I and comprising a hydrophobic block (A) and a hydrophilic block (B).

Abstract: A value document, such as a banknote, is printed using a printing ink or varnish comprising an aqueous dispersion of a preferably aliphatic polycarbonate polyurethane and/or a polyether or polyester polycarbonate polyurethane copolymer having a particle size range from 10 to 400 nm and an acid value no greater than 10 mg KOH/g.

Abstract: Provided are an encapsulated colorant including a polymer resin and a colorant coated with the polymer resin, wherein the encapsulated colorant includes at least two types of colorants which have different average particle diameters with different distributions. The encapsulated colorant has two types of colorants which have different average particle diameters with different distributions. In the preparation of an encapsulated colorant, a supplementary colorant is added to the preparation of an initially added colorant after a specific period of time. Thus, a polymer resin growing on the colorants has a different size. Thus, the present general inventive concept provides an encapsulated colorant having at least two average particle diameters with different distributions and has beneficial miscibility since the colorants are coated with a polymer resin.

Abstract: A method of producing a color filter by using the ink jet system. The method includes a step of preparing a specific ink-jet ink for color filter, the ink containing a pigment, a pigment dispersing agent, a binder forming system and a solvent, a step of forming an R ink layer, a G ink layer and a B ink layer respectively by the ink jet system and a step of curing each of the ink layer to form an R pixel, a G pixel and a B pixel, which each have an average film thickness range from 1.5 ?m to 2.5 ?m and a film thickness distribution range from 1.0 ?m to 3.0 ?m, wherein the ratio of the total area of the regions having a film thickness of 1.5 ?m or less or 2.5 ?m or more in one pixel is 5% or less.

Abstract: An aqueous ink comprising a polymer having hydroxyl groups and a pigment, which can provide images excellent in scratch resistance and highlighter resistance and can inhibit the seeping out phenomenon of the polymer and the deterioration of ejection characteristics even when it is stored for a long period of time. The aqueous ink comprises a polymer having hydroxyl groups, a pigment and a water-soluble organic solvent, wherein the water-soluble organic solvent comprises a poor medium for a polymer that is not adsorbed on the pigment (out of the polymer having hydroxyl groups), and wherein when the segment constituting the polymer that is not adsorbed on the pigment (out of the polymer having hydroxyl groups) is comprised of a segment A having hydroxyl groups and a segment B having no hydroxyl group, at least one of the poor medium is a good medium for either one of the segment A and the Segment B.

Abstract: High performing nanoparticle compositions suitable for printing, such as by inkjet printing, are provided herein. In particular, there is provided a conductive ink formulation comprising silver nanoparticles which has optimal performance, such as, reduced coffee ring effect, improved adhesion to substrates, and extended printhead de-cap time or latency time. The ink formulation comprises two or more solvents and a resin.

Abstract: The present invention is drawn to steric stabilized latex particulates, methods of forming such particulates, inks containing such particulates, and methods of ink-jetting inks containing such particulates. A steric stabilized latex particulate for use in an ink-jet ink can comprise a random copolymer of a steric stabilization oligomer and a hydrophobic monomer.

Abstract: There is provided novel curable ink compositions comprising polymer-coated magnetic metal nanoparticles. In particular, there is provided ultraviolet (UV) curable gel inks comprising at least the coated magnetic metal nanoparticles, one curable monomer, a radiation activated initiator that initiates polymerization of curable components of the ink, a gellant. The inks may also include optional colorants and one or more optional additives. These curable gel UV ink compositions can be used for ink jet printing in a variety of applications.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide an ink composition for heatset offset printing which has an excellent drying property, does not cause skinning during storage of ink composition, and has excellent stability on press in printing. The present invention is an ink composition for heatset offset printing containing a pigment, a binder resin, a petroleum solvent, and at least one kind of vegetable oil component selected from the group consisting of a vegetable oil and a fatty acid ester thereof, the content of the vegetable oil component being 20% by mass or less, and the ink composition further containing: 0.008 to 0.7% by mass of a metal soap drier based on the mass of the metal contained in the drier; 0.008 to 12% by mass of at least one kind selected from the group consisting of a polyvalent carboxylic acid, a derivative thereof, tocopherol, and tocotrienol; and 0.08 to 12% by mass of a phenolic antioxidant.

Abstract: A polymer-encapsulated pigment and a method of modifying a pigment use functional groups of an interface layer to attach a polymer to a pigment composition. The polymer-encapsulated pigment includes a pigment composition, a polymer and an interface layer. In the polymer-encapsulated pigment and the method, the interface layer is covalently attached to an outer surface of the pigment composition. The polymer is attached to the interface layer with a linking group. The linking group is attached to the interface layer by a covalent bond of a functional group. The linking group includes a nucleophilic carbon atom to which the polymer is covalently attached.

Abstract: There are provided an ink composition including a polymerization initiator, a polymerizable monomer and a phosphoric acid group-containing polymer having a weight-average molecular weight in a range of 10,000 to 30,000; an inkjet recording method using the ink composition; a printed material recorded by the inkjet recording method; a method of producing a planographic printing plate using the ink composition; and a planographic printing plate obtained by the method of producing a planographic printing plate.

Abstract: There is provided novel curable ink compositions comprising inorganic oxide-coated magnetic metal nanoparticles. In particular, there is provided ultraviolet (UV) curable gel inks comprising at least the inorganic oxide-coated magnetic metal nanoparticles, one curable monomer, a radiation activated initiator that initiates polymerization of curable components of the ink. In particular the ink may include a gellant. The inks may also include optional colorants and one or more optional additives. These curable UV ink compositions can be used for ink jet printing in a variety of applications.

Abstract: The present invention provides an ink composition having excellent ink ejection stability and stretching property, curable with a high sensitivity by irradiation of radiation rays, and capable of forming an image excellent in rubfastness and blocking resistance, an inkjet recording method using the ink composition, and a printed article. The ink composition includes (a) a polymer having a siloxane structure and a polymerizable group on a side chain thereof, (b) a polymerizable compound, and (c) a photopolymerization initiator, and the inkjet recording method includes a step of ejecting the ink composition onto a recording medium to be recorded with an inkjet recording apparatus and a step of curing the ink composition by irradiating active radiation rays on the ejected ink composition.

Abstract: The present invention provides a pigment dispersion, including: (a) a pigment; and (b) a polymer compound as a dispersant for the pigment (a), wherein the polymer compound includes a urethane bond in a main chain, includes a pendant moiety containing a skeleton which is the same as a partial skeleton of the pigment (a), and further includes, at a side chain, at least one polymer chain selected from the group consisting of a polyester chain, a poly(meth)acrylate chain, and a polyalkylene oxide chain, and wherein the molecular weight of the skeleton which is the same as a partial skeleton of the pigment (a) is from 20 to 70% of the molecular weight of the pigment (a).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a photochromic ink, the process for its preparation which is based on a spiropyran powder obtainable by melting, cooling and crushing, and to a new form of a spiropyran obtainable thereby. Said process to prepare a photochromic ink comprises the steps of a) heating and melting the spiropyran at a temperature below 250 C, b) cooling the melt to obtain a solidified spiropyran, c) crushing the solidified spiropyran to obtain a powder, d) optionally adding the powder to a binder providing the basis for the photochromic ink.

Abstract: A nonaqueous inkjet ink composition that at printing by an inkjet printer, is free from clogging of a nozzle of printer head part and that excels in ink delivery stability leading to prints of excellent printing quality. The nonaqueous inkjet ink composition is one containing a pigment, a resin, a pigment dispersant, an organic solvent and an aminated alcohol, characterized in that the content of the aminated alcohol is in the range of 0.01 to 3 mass % based on the whole mass. The nonaqueous inkjet ink composition may be one characterized in that the water extract from the nonaqueous inkjet ink composition exhibits a pH value ranging from 6.0 to 10.0.

Abstract: A pearlescent pigment (100) includes: a flaky substrate (10); a titanium dioxide layer (20) that is formed on the flaky substrate (10); and an oxazoline compound layer (40) that is formed on the titanium dioxide layer (20) with the titanium dioxide layer (20) being interposed between the flaky substrate (10) and the oxazoline compound layer (40), and serves as a top surface of the pearlescent pigment (100).

Abstract: An ink-jet ink is provided. The ink-jet ink includes a compound of formula (1) to form a cured film with high-flame retardancy.

Abstract: To provide a pigment dispersion liquid which provides an ink capable of recording an image having high fixability and fastness such as scratch resistance and excellent quality stably for a long time in any conditions. A pigment dispersion liquid mainly containing a polymer dispersant, a coloring material and water, in which the polymer dispersant is formed of at least a hydrophobic unit and a hydrophilic unit, the hydrophobic unit having a block portion formed of at least one hydrophobic monomer, the coloring material is formed of a pigment having on its surface an acid form anionic group, and the pigment dispersion liquid further contains a basic compound capable of forming a complex with an alkaline metal.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are pigment dispersions and inks formulated using the same; including at least one dispersed pigment, an aqueous carrier; and at least one block copolymer dispersant having Structure I and comprising a hydrophobic block (A) and a hydrophilic block (B); at least one block copolymer having Structure I and comprising a hydrophobic block (A) and a hydrophilic block (B);

Abstract: Inkjet ink compositions and methods for increasing inkjet ink particle stability are disclosed herein. In an embodiment, a latex polymer-containing inkjet ink composition comprises a secondary alcohol ethoxylate and a fluoro-surfactant at a concentration ratio effective to increase particle stability of the inkjet ink composition when the pigment particles are substantially electrostatically dispersed. In another embodiment, an inkjet ink composition comprises a latex dispersion having a conductivity of no more than about 1.5 mS/cm.

Abstract: The invention provides an aqueous inkjet ink composition comprises a polymeric compound comprising discrete particles responsive to an external stimulus, and a functional material, wherein the functional material may be incorporated as part of the polymeric particles, the particles causing the composition to have a first rheological state and a different second rheological state in response to a stimulated change in conditions, the first rheological state being associated with a first lower viscosity of the composition, wherein the particles have a first lower volume, enabling the composition to pass through an inkjet printhead orifice and the second rheological state being associated with a second higher viscosity of the composition, wherein the particles have a second higher volume, enabling immobilisation of droplets of the composition on a substrate.

Abstract: A solvent-based dye sublimation ink composition includes specific chemical formulations of production agents for its manufacture in several colors. The sublimation ink composition includes a vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer, a polymeric amide, 2-methoxy-1-methylethyl acetate, N-butyl acetate, butan-2-OL, petroleum distillate, disperse and/or solvent dyes, propylene glycol and one or more acetates. Once produced, the solvent-based dye sublimation ink of the present invention may be used with ink jet printers and prevents or minimizes paper cockling while exhibiting outstanding stability and high print density capabilities.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a black inkjet ink comprising aqueous vehicle and carbon black pigment stabilized to dispersion by a certain block copolymer dispersant. The invention further pertains to an ink set comprising this black ink and at least a second ink which contains a reactive species capable of destabilizing the carbon black dispersion. Still further, the invention pertains to a method of printing wherein the black ink and second ink are printed in an overlapping relationship, thereby minimizing penetration, feathering and/or bleed of the black pigment and improving print quality.

Abstract: An inkjet printing composition comprises an aqueous liquid vehicle; at least one pigment having a concentration of about 1 to 5 wt %; and a latex polymer having a concentration of about 2.5 to 8 wt % and comprising a polymerized mixture of styrene, butyl acrylate, at least one of methacrylonitrile and acrylonitrile, methacrylic acid, and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate. An inkjet ink printing system comprises a vinyl medium; the at least one inkjet printing composition; and a heating device, wherein the system is configured such that upon applying heat from the heating device to the inkjet ink printed on the vinyl medium, the latex particles fuse, thereby forming a printed image with a film encapsulating at least a portion of the pigment on the vinyl medium. A method of forming a printed image of the latex polymer using the inkjet ink printing system is also provided.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are inks including an aqueous vehicle; at least one encapsulant-dispersed pigment; and at least one block copolymer binder dispersed throughout the aqueous vehicle and having Structure I and comprising a hydrophobic block (A) and a hydrophilic block (B);

Abstract: A base layer is formed on the surface of metal plate, metal pipe, unbaked ceramic sheet, laminated ceramic green sheet, etc., the base layer causing a gelling reaction with inkjet-ink. The base layer improves ink acceptability for low viscosity inks such as inkjet-ink, and prevents oozing, draining, uneven thickness of an ink pattern and a resist pattern. Thus, the present invention enables to use an ink jet process for providing resist patterns for etching, etc., which has to fulfill stringent high precision requirements.

Abstract: A color filter ink according to the first aspect is adapted to be used to manufacture a color filter by an inkjet method, the color filter ink comprising. The color filter ink includes a pigment, a solvent, a dispersing agent and a curable resin material. The dispersing agent includes an acid-value dispersing agent with a predetermined acid value and an amine-value dispersing agent with a predetermined amine value. The curable resin material includes a first polymer and a second polymer. The first polymer includes at least a first epoxy-containing vinyl monomer as a monomer component. The second polymer includes at least an alkoxysilyl-containing vinyl monomer represented by a prescribed chemical formula as a monomer component.

Abstract: A process for purifying a composition comprising: i) an encapsulated pigment comprising a pigment and an encapsulant material comprising a cross-linked dispersant; ii) a liquid medium; and iii) free dispersant; said process comprising removal of at least some free dispersant from the composition using a membrane having a molecular weight cut-off of 3 to 30 times the weight average molecular weight of the dispersant prior to cross-linking, with the proviso that all of conditions a), b) and c) are met: a) the pigment is not silicon dioxide; b) the cross-linked dispersant is not cross-linked polyethyleneimine; and c) the cross-linked dispersant is not a dispersant which has been cross-linked with bis-ethene,1,1?-[methylene bis(sulfonyl)].