Abstract: This invention is directed to a fire-resistant, essentially halogen-free epoxy composition that emits low amounts of smoke and toxic gas while burning. The one-part composition is particularly useful in aerospace applications for bonding, sealing and/or insulating metal, plastic and composite parts.

Abstract: An intumescent fire-resistant coating and a fire-resistant material using the same are disclosed, the coating essentially including (A) at least one inorganic compound selected from the group consisting of a carbide, boride, nitride, carbonitride, or carboboride of titanium, zirconium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, molybdenum, tungsten, silicon or chromium and a carbide, nitride or carbonitride of boron, (B) a synthetic resin, and (C) at least one phosphorus and/or sulfur compound capable of forming a Lewis acid on heating.

Abstract: Sandwich-like lightweight shaped articles consist of a core material containing expandable graphite expanded according to the mould and if appropriate a binder, and at least one covering layer of thermoplastic material.

Abstract: Fire-retardant compositions are disclosed. The compositions include at least one nitrogen-liberating compound which will release nitrogen gas during burning, a primary fire-retardant agent; casein resin, and an activator of the casein resin. In the preferred embodiment, there are two nitrogen-liberating compounds, dicyandiamide and nitro-urea, the primary fire-retardant agent is diammonium phosphate, and a filler, titanium dioxide, is also included. The compositions are prepared in a mixing tank and can be applied in a known manner, optionally under high pressure, to cellulosic products such as cloth, yarn, paper, wood and wood substrates in order to impart a fire-retardant quality thereto. Fire-retardant glue and wood laminate structures produced using the glue are also disclosed.

Abstract: An antifouling paint composition comprising a resin vehicle, an antifouling agent and a liquid medium, at least part of the resin vehicle being composed of a nonaqueous dispersion-type resin of a skin-core structure having in the core component an acid group or an acid precursor group convertible into the acid group by hydrolysis, and said antifouling composition being capable of maintaining an effect of preventing adhesion of microorganisms over along term.

Abstract: An intumescent, fire retardant coating composition comprising an organic binder, an inorganic binder, a blowing agent, a carbonific, a phosphorous containing material, a halogen containing material, an inorganic filler, and an organic solvent. The invention also relates to a substrate coated with the composition and a method of applying the coating on a substrate.

Abstract: Rocket motor insulation compositions are provided. An important component of such insulation compositions is a thermoplastic liquid crystal polymer. Such a polymer provides an ablative insulation which has good performance characteristics during operation of the rocket motor. One such thermoplastic liquid crystal polymer is a wholly aromatic polyester known as VECTRA.RTM.. The insulation may also include fillers such as fibrous fillers and particulate fillers. Typical fibrous fillers include glass or carbon fibers. Typical particulate fillers include materials such as silica, alumina, powdered coal, and the like.

Abstract: A flame-retardant consisting of two specified components and a flame-retardant resin composition having the flame-retardant blended with a thermoplastic resin are provided,which flame-retardant is composed of (A) a reaction product of cyanuric chloride with a diamine and (B) ammonium polyphosphate or polyphosphoric acid amide, the ratio of (A) to (B) being 0.1 to 10, and which flame-retardant resin composition has the flame-retardant blended with a thermoplastic resin in a quantity of 1 to 50% by weight based upon the weight of the composition.

Abstract: Intumescent sheets are having improved expansion characteristics are disclosed. The intumescent sheets comprise an inorganic fibrous material, a binder, and a heat expandable layer mineral composition containing at least 87.5% by weight of heat expandable interstratified layer minerals comprising interstratified layers of vermiculite and biotite.

Abstract: Flame-retardant polymeric compositions, preferably thermoplastic and especially polyolefin-based compositions, containing an intumescent flame-retardant system substantially comprised of a phosphorus component and an organic nitrogen component. The flame-retardant system is more particularly comprised of ammonium polyphosphate and tris-(2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate.

Abstract: Balanced pH, thermo-irreversible polyoxyalkylene polymer and ionic polysaccharide gels are ideal materials for use as an ablatable mask or coating over the cornea of the eye of a mammal during excimer laser keratectomy. The depth and smoothness of the ablated corneal surface can be controlled by molding the desired surface curvature into the mask surface using a contact lens as a mold which is pressed onto the gel surface coating the cornea.

Abstract: New sheet-like structures which are capable of intumescence contain a layer of granular intumescence material between two textile sheet-like structures which are stitched or sewn to one another.

Abstract: Intumescent vermiculite flakes useful in mountings of catalytic converters are prepared by partially dehydrating vermiculite ore to afford a uniform content of chemically bound water from about 1.0 to 3.2% by weight and a uniform bulk density from about 0.2 to 0.9 g/cm.sup.3. Such a mounting affords good support to the monolith at warm-up temperatures, exerts adequate holding forces at operating temperatures without danger of cracking the monolith, and does not incur gradual reduction in holding forces at operating temperatures. The mounting layer can be applied as either a mat or a paste.

Abstract: A thermally expandable fire-protection compound consisting of expandable graphite, an aqueous chloroprene latex containing carboxyl groups, and substances which, in the event of fire, form a paracrystalline carbon skeleton.

Abstract: A method and material for the protection of construction materials against the thermal effects of fire comprising an ablative layer coated on the fire-exposed surface with an intumescent paint.

Abstract: An elastomeric composition having high resistance to laser radiation and to thermal radiation, which consists essentially of a phenylpolysiloxane and an additive selected from the group consisting of titanium dioxide, boron nitride, and mixtures thereof, particularly titanium dioxide, in a proportion of about 10 to about 30 pats of the additive per 100 parts of the polysiloxane. When such elastomer composition is coated on an aerospace vehicle such as a missle, the composition then cured and subjected to high intensity laser radiation or thermal radiation, the composition forms a substantially white char which is effectively reflective to such radiation, thereby protecting such vehicle from the adverse effects of such radiation.

Abstract: Water-based, intumescent, fire retardant material is made from, on a dry basis by weight, 100 parts of a latex such as polychloroprene latex and from 50 to 200 parts of water-insoluble intumescent mineral granules such as hydrated alkali metal silicate granules incorporating an oxy boron compound. This water-based intumescent material dries to an elastomeric state that has a Volume Expansion Factor (as defined) of at least two. It chars into a substantially rigid refractory thermal insulator to prevent fire from penetrating through voids into which the novel intumescent material has expanded.

Abstract: A fire-retardant composition for rendering a combustible hydrophilic substrate resistant to combustion and flaming is disclosed. Also disclosed are processes employing said composition for rendering a hydrophilic substrate resistant to combustion, as well as structural material made fire-resistant by such a process. The composition is a thermoset formed by combining two resins, which can be either made and stored separately for long periods until use or stored as a partially polymerized liquid mixture. The resins are water soluble and heat-curable to form the thermoset. The first resin comprises polyols derived preferably from a carbohydrate such as maltodextrin having substituent groups occupying a portion of the available hydroxyls derived from monoammonium phosphate, urea, phosphoric acid, and glyoxal. The second resin can be a methylol-melamine-formaldehyde, methylol-urea-formaldehyde, or methylol-phenol-formaldehyde formulation.

Abstract: The present invention is a flame retarded thermoplastic resin composition comprising a thermoplastic resin, optional adjuvants for the resin, and a flame retardant; the flame retardant is an amine salt of a phosphorus acid in an effective amount.

Abstract: The water resistance of intumescent compositions is improved if the composition comprises at least one organotin derivative of a polyol. Organotin derivatives of polyols can be produced by reacting polyol with dialkyltin oxide or with dialkyltin dialkoxide.

Abstract: The water leaching of ammonium polyphosphate from compositions comprising organic polymer and particles of ammonium polyphosphate is reduced if the ammonium polyphosphate is surface-modified with copolymer of vinylpyrrolidone and comonomer selected from the group consisting of .alpha.-olefin containing from about 4 to about 50 carbon atoms, styrene, styrene substituted on the ring with at least one alkyl group containing from 1 to about 12 carbon atoms, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed is an intumescent curable composition which contains as a resinous binder a flexible polyepoxide resin. The polyepoxide is cured with an appropriate curing agent adapted for the particular resin. An additive component is present which contains a mixture of materials which provide a source of(i) zinc,(ii) boron,(iii) phosphorus, and(iv) an expansion gas upon thermal decomposition. The composition is capable of forming a carbonaceous char upon exposure to heat or flame, with the proviso that the cured, unburned composition has sufficient flexibility that is passes at least 10 continuous cycles of a cold cycle test without cracking. The cold cycle test involves the following steps: the composition is applied at a thickness of 0.5 inch (12.7 millimeters) to a 10 inch (0.0254 meter) section of a 4W13 I-beam having two thermocouples attached to the surface, allowed to cure at ambient temperature for 16 hours, force cured for 5 days at about 60.degree. C. and subjected to the cold cycle test.

Abstract: An ablative-type protective material is provided comprising:(a) a polymeric compound comprising a plurality of at least a first repeat unit having the form ##STR1## wherein the first repeat unit is present in an amount ranging from about 70 to about 100 mole percent, inclusive and(b) an aluminum sulfate hydrate of the general formulaAl.sub.2 (SO.sub.4).sub.3.nH.sub.2 Owherein n is an integer from 14 through 18, inclusive and wherein the aluminum sulfate hydrate is present in an amount greater than about 50% by weight of the ablative-type protective material.The resulting composition exhibits an improved resistance to oxidative degeneration as well as improved heat and flame protection times.

Abstract: A method of decreasing the expansion temperature and improving the expansion characteristics of vermiculite ore comprising subjecting vermiculite ore containing interlamellar cations to a potassium nitrate solution for a time interval sufficient to ion-exchange interlamellar cations within said ore with potassium ions. Subsequent to this ion exchange the low temperature expandable vermiculite may be expanded by heating in an oven, or incorporated in an intumescent material and heat expanded in situ, or expanded by other heating means. An intumescent sheet is provided which may be used for mounting automotive catalytic converter monoliths comprising an unexpanded vermiculite produced by the method of the invention; an inorganic fibrous material; and a binder.

Abstract: The water leaching of ammonium polyphosphate from compositions comprising organic polymer and particles of ammonium polyphosphate is reduced if the ammonium polyphosphate is surface-modified with quaternary ammonium salt cationic surfactant.

Abstract: Disclosed is an intumescent curable composition which contains as a resinous binder a flexible polyepoxide resin. The polyepoxide is cured with an appropriate curing agent adapted for the particular resin. An additive component is present which contains a mixture of materials which provide a source of(i) zinc,(ii) boron,(iii) phosphorus, and(iv) an expansion gas upon thermal decomposition. The composition is capable of forming a carbonaceous char upon exposure to heat or flame, with the proviso that the cured, unburned composition has sufficient flexibility that it passes at least 10 continuous cycles of a cold cycle test without cracking. The cold cycle test involves the following steps; the composition is applied at a thickness of 0.5 inch (12.7 millimeters) to a 10 inch (0.254 meter) section of a 4W13 I-beam having two thermocouples attached to the surface, allowed to cure at ambient temperature for 16 hours, force cured for 5 days at about 60.degree. C. an subjected to the cold cycle test.

Abstract: An improved lightweight, ablative coating that may be spray applied and cured without the development of appreciable shrinkage cracks. The ablative mixture consists essentially of phenolic microballoons, hollow glass spheres, glass fibers, ground cork, a flexibilized resin binder, and an activated colloidal clay.

Abstract: A water-base endothermic fire protective material comprising a heat curable thermosetting resin, inorganic fibers, an endothermic inorganic filler, and thermoplastic binder resin is disclosed. The material can vary in viscosity from a putty that is moldable or trowelable into place to a thin paste that can be sprayed to form a flexible and stable fire stop seal or coating. The material with essentially no shrinkage retains strength and adhesion qualities before and after exposure to fire and retains superior resistance to the impact, erosion, and cooling effects of a hose stream used to combat a fire.

Abstract: A fire retardant flexible polyurethane foam and method for its production are provided. The foam is prepared by reacting in the presence of a metallic catalyst and a non-metallic catalyst (a) a polyol having a molecular weight between about 1000 and about 9000; (b) a polyisocyanate; (c) a cross-linking agent; (d) a foaming agent; (e) a surfactant; (f) a halogenated hydrocarbon; (g) melamine powder; (h) antimony oxide; and (i) sodium borate.

Abstract: This material, essentially characterized in that it is flexible, employs simultaneously the two phenomena of in tumescence and endothermicity to obtain optimal protection characteristics maintaining the element to be protected at a temperature below or in the order of 150.degree. C. when it is subjected to thermal attack corresponding to a flame temperature of 700.degree. to 1000.degree. for a duration of at least one hour for a thickness of the material between 10 and 20 mm, comprises a binder (silicone elastomer) in a proportion of 30 to 35% by weight; a reinforcing charge (a metal oxide compatible with said silicone elastomer) in a proportion of 17 to 23% by weight; an active charge (an intumescent agent) in a production of 38 to 45% by weight; and an insulative charge in a proportion of 5 to 10% by weight, these proportions being relative to the total weight of said material.

Abstract: In a particulate additive for water for fire fighting containing a strongly swelling water-insoluble high molecular weight polymer as gelatinizing agent, the improvement which comprises a water-soluble release agent which does not cause the particles of said gelatinizing agent to swell, the particles of the gelatinizing agent being encased or dispersed in the release agent. Suitable release agents include polyethylene glycol, diammonium biphosphate, sugars, mannitol, etc. The gelatinizing agent may be a moderately cross-linked water-insoluble acrylic or methacrylic acid copolymer.

Abstract: A fire-retardant coating material includes a fluid intumescent material and conductive particles of various sizes dispersed or suspended therein for particular applications. The fluid intumescent material includes a foaming agent, a blowing agent gas source, a carbonific or charring agent, a film-forming binder, a solvent and, in some cases, a pigment or filler. The conductive particles are formed of a substrate and a conductive coating.

Abstract: An improved composition for an insulating liner, or insuliner, for a solid propellant rocket motor, which composition comprises a vulcanizable elastomeric composition comprising a vulcanizable elastomer and about 5 to 25 pph (parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of elastomer) of vulcanizing agents for the elastomer, about 10 to 20 pph of aramid polymer fibers, about 5 to 20 pph of a powder filler selected from the group consisting of silica, iron oxide, titanium dioxide, carbon, milled glass and ceramic clays, and about 10 to 25 pph of a bond promoter selected from the group consisting of treated cellulosic fiber and a multifunctional aromatic epoxy resin.

Abstract: A fireproof, compressible, intumescent, elastomeric material useful to seal expansion joints, curtain wall gaps and penetrations in floors and walls in order to prevent the passage of flame and smoke. A seal of the material retains strength before and after exposure to fire and provides superior resistance to the impact, erosion, and cooling effects of a hose stream used to combat a fire. The composition of this compressible, fireproof material consists of elastomers, vulcanizing agents, fillers, softening agents, and an intumescent. This fireproof material may be in cellular or noncellular form with various degrees of compressibility and softness. It can be produced in sheets, molded parts, and continuous length strips. It may be vulcanized or nonvulcanized.

Abstract: An intumescent material comprises expandible graphite in a polymeric binder. The binder may be a flexible or elastomeric binder or a formaldehyde resin. A suitable flexible binder is a polymer selected from vinyl acetate polymers, styrene polymers, vinyl chloride polymers, acrylic polymers, vinyl butyral polymers, melamine/urea/phenol formaldehyde resins, polyesters and phenolic resins. A suitable elastomeric binder is a rubber. A suitable formaldehyde resin is melamine formaldehyde resin, urea formaldehyde resin, phenol formaldehyde resin or resorcinol formaldehyde resin.

Abstract: Non-asbestos elastomeric insulating materials for rocket motors are disclosed. The insulating materials are low in density (between about 0.035 and 0.050 lb./cubic inch) and comprise crosslinked elastomeric polymers (100 parts by weight of a crosslinkable elastomeric polymer that is substantially saturated and about 5-50 parts by weight of a crosslinkable, substantially unsaturated, elastomeric polymer) in which are dispersed between about 10 and 100 (preferably 15-75) parts by weight of a char forming organic fiber selected from polyaramide pulps, between 1 and 15 parts by weight of a peroxide crosslinker, and between about 0 and 150 parts by weight organic and/or inorganic particulate. The insulating materials issue little smoke, have notable erosion resistance and can be tailored to have thermal, mechanical and other properties of desired character. Ingredients such as supplemental elastomers, oils and lubricants enhance the processability and green properties such as tack of the insulating materials.

Abstract: A fire-retardant coating material includes a fluid intumescent material and refractory fibers of various sizes dispersed or suspended therein for particular applications. The fluid intumescent material includes a foaming agent, a blowing agent gas source, a carbonific or charring agent, a film-forming binder, a solvent and, in some cases, a pigment or filler. The refractory fibers consist of aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide, and one or more other metal oxides.

Abstract: An improved mineral filler fire retardant composition and method are provided wherein the filler is surface treated with a polyfunctional isocyanate. This surface treatment reacts to form a polymeric coating thereby reducing both the free moisture and soluble soda level. This improved filler results in superior physical properties in polymer resins and improved processing characteristics in urethane foams.

Abstract: There is provided a flame retardant for thermoplastic resins comprising(i) 20 to 60% by weight a silicone oil;(ii) 10 to 40% by weight a silicone resin;(iii) 5 to 60% by weight a gassing agent selected from the group consisting of compounds containing both phosphorus and nitrogen or a mixture of phosphorus containing compounds with nitrogen containing compounds and(iv) a polyhydric alcohol in a weight ratio to said gassing agent ranging from about 1/9 to about 1/5.

Abstract: A filler composition for mixing with a resin to form a castable marble-like product comprises an inorganic filler material, such as calcium carbonate in powdered form admixed with components which considerably reduce the density of the cast product. The weight reducing components may be hollow ceramic spheres in combination with hollow plastic spheres. The plastic spheres have an average diameter significantly less than the average diameter of the ceramic spheres. The plastic spheres act as cushion to minimize break up and degradation of the ceramic spheres. When the filler composition is admixed with a resin, the resultant cast product is considerably lighter than existing cast marble-like products.

Abstract: A filler composition for mixing with a resin to form a castable marble-like product comprises an inorganic filler material, such as calcium carbonate in powdered form admixed with components which considerably reduce the density of the cast product. The weight reducing components may be hollow ceramic spheres in combination with hollow plastic spheres. The plastic spheres have an average diameter significantly less than the average diameter of the ceramic spheres. The plastic spheres act as cushion to minimize break up and degradation of the ceramic spheres. When the filler composition is admixed with a resin, the resultant cast product is considerably lighter than existing cast marble-like products.

Abstract: A trowelable ablative coating composition is disclosed. The composition comprises an epoxy resin, an amide curing agent, glass microspheres and ground cork. A method for protecting a substrate is also disclosed. The method comprises applying the trowelable ablative coating discussed above to a substrate and curing the coating composition.

Abstract: The invention relates to a fire prevention material in loose form containing at least one material thermally insulating at temperatures up to 1100.degree. C.; at least one material which irreversibly expands at temperatures over 150.degree. C., particularly over 200.degree. C.; and at least one preferably finely divided binder, which is able to expand on heating. All the constituents of the material are waterproof and weatherproof, so that the fire prevention material can be frequently handled over long periods. It is preferably packed into incompletely filled bags.

Abstract: A fire-resistant material which is produced by mixing, in a predetermined ratio, agent A prepared by diluting a liquid mixture of calcium chloride and boric acid with water, agent B comprising silicone resin, sodium silicate, and polyvinyl acetate resin and agent C comprising ammonium monophosphate silica gel. A noncombustible material for treating interior building materials which is produced by mixing the above- described fire-resistant material with a mixture of powder D prepared by grinding and drying a mixture of an aqueous boric acid solution and an adhesive aqueous solution of paper powder, an earth/rock powder prepared by reducing and heating loess, sand, waste coal, and diatomite powder.The noncombustible material can be sprayed over or appiled on combustible materials such as wood, textiles, paper, plastics, etc. to make them noncombustible and, upon starting of a fire, it foams to form an insulating layer which exhibits a sufficient heat-insulating effect and neutralizes and controls toxic gases.

Abstract: A flame resistant composition has (1) an organic polymeric substance (such as polypropylene) in intimate contact with (2) an ether, ester, or carbonate derivative of a bicyclic phosphorous compound (such as pentaerythritol phosphate) and (3) a gas producing compound (such as melamine or ammonium polyphosphate).

Abstract: A plastic composition which at least when hardened is resistant to fire comprises: a binder comprising a flexible film-forming adhesive polymer, such as polyvinylbutyral, in a volatile solvent, preferably a non-flammable volatile solvent such as trichloroethane, the binder having dispersed therein a fire retardant such as aluminium trihydrate, an exfoliatable mineral, such as vermiculite, and preferably also a thioxotripic agent such as precipitated silica.

Abstract: Flame resistant foams and other compositions containing polyurethane and/or polyisocyanurate groups are prepared by reacting an organic polyisocyanate with a polyol in the presence of flame retardants, catalysts, blowing agents as well as optionally chain extenders, cross-linkers auxiliaries and additives. The flame retardents comprise a phenol or melamine formaldehyde condensate, pentaerythritol as well as ammonium phosphate and preferably in addition dicyandiamide.

Abstract: A trowelable ablative coating composition is disclosed. The composition comprises an epoxy resin, an amide curing agent, glass microspheres and ground cork. A method for protecting a substrate is also disclosed. The method comprises applying the trowelable ablative coating discussed above to a substrate and curing the coating composition.

Abstract: A smoke suppressant for reducing smoke emission when a flammable organic material is heated above its decomposition temperature or ignited comprises a liquid heterocyclic polysulphide compound having the formulaR--S.sub.x --Z--S.sub.x' --R' (I)where R is an organic group containing 1 to 12 carbon atoms, R' is hydrogen or an organic group containing 1 to 12 carbon atoms, x is at least 2, x' is 1 or more when R' is hydrogen and is at least 2 when R' is an organic group and Z is a divalent radical derived from a heterocyclic compound, preferably a sulphur-containing heterocyclic compound such as thiadiazole. The compound (I) may contain dissolved or dispersed elemental sulphur. The smoke suppressant is particularly suitable for use in polyurethane foams.

Abstract: The present invention relates to fire resistance compounds which can be added to a composite man-made product. In particular, the invention relates to a compound which provides fire resistance by the formation of two stages of fire protection and is added to plastic products during the manufacture thereof.