Abstract: Flame-retarding sealing compounds based on hydraulic binders are described which are characterized by a content of dehydratable fillers and melamines.

Abstract: The intumescent material of this invention comprises a filled polyorganosiloxane composition that is elastomeric in the cured form and up to 70 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of said composition of hollow, thermoplastic microspheres filled with a volatile liquid. The materials are particularly useful as flame and smoke barriers in passages of partitions that are traversed by thermoplastic articles such as pipes and conduits, and can optionally contain chemical blowing agents.

Abstract: An aqueous silicone emulsion useful in forming a fire barrier consists essentially of a mixture of anionically stabilized silicone emulsion, expanded vermiculite, and fiber selected from the group consisting of ceramic fiber and aramid fiber. The trowelable composition is applied to fill cracks or openings in fire walls to seal the wall and then allowed to dry. The dried material seals the opening it occupies. Upon exposure to fire, the dried material forms a char on its surface which protects the material under the surface and maintains a seal in the wall.

Abstract: This invention relates to a plastics material with a resin binder having a combination of fusible fillers and high temperature fillers. The fusible fillers begin melting at relatively low temperatures and retain a spreaded liquidous form over a large temperature range. The high temperature fillers resist melting at high temperatures and form an insulative layer over the resin binder of the plastics cellular material.

Abstract: A structural external insulation for hypersonic missiles which reach speeds hat cause surface temperatures on the cylindrical shell structure to reach up to 3000.degree. F. for a period of time. The invention incorporates efficient high temperature insulation as an integral part of the composite shell manufacturing process (tape layup and/or filament winding).

Abstract: The present invention relates to intumescent polysiloxane molding compositions containing expandable graphite compounds and, if appropriate, additionally nitrogen-containing phosphates.

Abstract: The intumescent material of this invention comprises a filled polyorganosiloxane composition that is elastomeric in the cured form and up to 70 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of said composition of hollow, thermoplastic microspheres filled with a volatile liquid. The materials are particularly useful as flame and smoke barriers in passages of partitions that are traversed by thermoplastic articles such as pipes and conduits, and can optionally contain chemical blowing agents.

Abstract: The addition of melamine/formaldehyde resins causes ethylene copolymers containing CaCO.sub.3 and alumina trihydrate to have lower swell on burning and has smaller and more uniform cell formation in the ceramic ash than compositions without such resins present.

Abstract: This invention relates to flame retarding compositions comprising flame retardants selected from pentate salts and nitrogen-containing phosphates wherein one or both are encapsulated in a material to reduce contacts between the flame retardants during processing and to thus reduce or eliminate pre-reaction between the two flame retardants, which pre-reaction, normally leads to degradation of flameproofing properties of the compositions. The invention is also directed to flame retardant polyurethane compositions containing a polyurethane resin and both of the flame retardants. As between the flame retardants, amount of the phosphate is about 10-99% whereas amount of the pentate salt is about 90-1%, on weight basis. In the polyurethane compositions, combined weight of the two flame retardants is about 10-60%, based on the weight of the polyurethane resin and the two flame retardants.

Abstract: An aqueous base coating system consisting primarily of an emulsion of an extensible halogenated polymer and water insoluble fillers which release non-combustible gases on heating is provided for exterior application to combustible substrates. On drying of the coating system, the resultant coating is no longer redispersible by water. The dried coating is highly adherent to substrates such as wood and upon sustained combustion leaves a high percentage of non-combustible residue. A substantial degree of fire resistance is provided to ignition and spread of flame by 0.1 to 0.3 pounds of dried coating per square foot of the exposed combustible substrate.

Abstract: In a coating composition for application to a substrate for curing thereon to form an ablative coating of the type including a reactive mixture of epoxy and polysulfide resins, an amine curing agent, and inorganic materials serving as a source of one or more Lewis acids and being capable of forming a glassy reaction product when exposed to heat, the improvement comprising adding carbonaceous pre-ox fibers thereto in a weight amount between about 15 to 40%. When applied to a substrate, the solvent-free composition cures to a tightly adhering, flexible coating capable of providing thermal protection in a very high temperature, erosive environment.

Abstract: An intumescent putty or mastic is produced by admixing fine particles of solid intumescent material, polyvinyl butyral and a volatile solvent. The intumescent material can optionally be ground scrap intumescent door seals.

Abstract: An intumescent material comprises one or more organic polyhydroxy compounds, one or more organic polyamido compounds in free and/or combined form, an ammonium phosphate activator, an amino resin binder, and sodium silicate, the sodium silicate being present in sufficient amounts to prevent the material from totally intumescing quickly when subjected to elevated temperatures, the amounts of sodium silicate ranging from 3 to 12.7% by weight of the total composition but being present in at least 8.9% by weight of the ammonium phosphate activator.

Abstract: A halogen-free flameproofed thermoplastic molding material consists of a halogen-free thermoplastic resin (A) and one or more further halogen-free components.The thermoplastic resin (A) is present in an amount of from 30 to 90% by weight, based on the molding material. The latter contains, as further components, from 1 to 50% by weight of a phenol/aldehyde resin (B), from 1 to 50% by weight of a nitrogen-containing organic compound (C) and from 3 to 50% by weight of a phosphorus-containing organic compound (D), the percentages in each case being based on the molding material.The molding material is used for the production of flameproofed moldings.

Abstract: An elastomeric composition suitable for use as a rocket motor case insulation is disclosed. The composition comprises a vulcanizable elastomeric material and reinforcing polybenzimidazole polymer fibers in combination with a powder filler. A preferred embodiment utilizes polyisoprene as the elastomer and silica as the powder filler. These compositions have better erosion resistance than asbestos-reinforced compositions, and do not pose the environmental or safety risks associated with asbestos-reinforced insulation.

Abstract: Rubber mixtures containing salts of cyanuric acid or cyanuric acid derivatives are suitable for preventive fire protection.

Abstract: An intumescent rubber or elastomeric composition comprises a rubber or elastomer containing:(a) one or more organic polyhydroxy compounds as carbonific;(b) one or more organic polyamido compounds in free and/or combined forms as spumific;(c) an ammonium phosphate as activator for the carbonific; and(d) an amino resin as binder; and in addition to or instead of components (a) to (d),(e) sodium silicate as an intumescent material, components (a) to (d) when present being intermixed with one another.

Abstract: A coating composition for application to a substrate for curing thereon to form an ablative coating. The composition comprises a reactive mixture of epoxy and polysulfide resins, an amine curing agent, refractory fibers and inorganic materials serving as a source of one or more Lewis acids and being capable of forming a glassy reaction product when exposed to heat. When applied to a substrate, the solvent-free composition cures to a tightly adhering, flexible coating capable of providing thermal protection in a very high-temperature, erosive environment.

Abstract: Intumescent coatings which form a thick, uniform, fine celled, low density foam upon exposure to a high intensity heat flux or flame are disclosed, the invention coatings comprise phenolic resin prepolymer containing a blowing agent and a nucleating agent; in the preferred embodiments the coatings also contains a silicone surfactant, the coatings are useful in thermal and fire protection systems.

Abstract: The use of high vinyl-containing vinylmethylsiloxane polymers as high temature insulating materials.

Abstract: A molded polyurethane foamed shape has finely ground dry fire-retardant particles containing a volatile active fire-retardant component which releases fire-retardant gas when exposed to fire and distributed throughout the shape and encapsulated by the polyurethane so as to protect the component against evaporation until exposed by initial burning of the shape.

Abstract: This invention relates to flame retarding compositions comprising a pentate salt selected from melammonium pentate and the pentate salt of ammelide, and a nitrogen-containing phosphate selected from amine phosphates, ammonium phosphates, and ammonium polyphosphates in amount of 25 to 95 volume % phosphate to 75 to 5 volume % pentate salt which produce unexpected results in thermoplastic polyurethane compositions in terms of oxygen index, and UL-94 rating. This invention also pertains to polyurethane compositions containing a thermoplastic polyurethane resin and a flame retarding combination of a pentate salt and a phosphate, defined above, in amount of 10 to 35 volume % of the two flame retarding components based on the total volume of the resin plus the two flame retarding componets. An aryl phosphate can also be included to enhance the flame retarding properties of thermoplastic polyurethanes. Such polyurethane compositions are intumescent, drip retardant, and are halogen-free.

Abstract: The present invention relates to optionally foamed intumescent masses obtained by reacting(1) polyisocyanates with a mixture containing(2) polyethers having an average OH number of from about 150 to 500 and obtained by the chemical addition of alkylene oxides having an ethylene oxide content of from about 50 to 100% by weight to low molecular weight starters, and/or(3) hydroxyl polyesters having an OH number of from about 100 to 350 obtained by the reaction of aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, araliphatic and aromatic polycarboxylic acids having 2 to 10 carbon atoms with at least two polyols selected from two different groups of the three following groups:(a) hydroxyl compounds with a molecular weight of up to about 200 having more than three OH groups,(b) hydroxyl groups with a molecular weight of up to about 150 having three OH groups, and(c) hydroxyl compounds with a molecular weight of up to about 80 having two OH groups, wherein one of the polyols belongs to group (a), and(4) a phosphate of the melamine phospha

Abstract: An intumescent curable composition has as its principal constituents an epoxy resin; a curing agent; and an additive component which is composed of a mixture of materials which provide a source of phosphorus, zinc, boron and an expansion gas. The aforesaid composition is capable of forming a carbonaceous char upon exposure to heat or flame.

Abstract: An elastomeric composition suitable for use as a rocket motor case insulation is disclosed. The composition consists of a vulcanizable elastomeric composition and reinforcing aramid polymer fibers in combination with a powder filler. A preferred embodiment utilizes polyisoprene as the elastomer, KELVAR.RTM. fibers as the aramid polymer fibers, and silica as the powder filler.

Abstract: There is disclosed, in one aspect, an emulsion of a hydrophilic epoxy resin containing foam forming additives which impart fire retardant properties and which compositions are useful for coating substrates. These compositions comprise (a) foam-forming, gas-evolving and/or chain-terminating additives which have an endothermic reaction at elevated temperatures and/or fillers and, (b) epoxide resin as the binder. This resin has been cured with an amine curing agent. In another aspect, the present invention comprises a method for producing fire-proof layers of structures which must be protected from fire. This method comprises coating at least part of that structure with the composition described above.

Abstract: The invention relates to a particulate agent based on free-flowing pulverulent ammonium polyphosphates of the general formulaH.sub.(n-m)+2 (NH.sub.4).sub.m P.sub.n O.sub.3n+1in which n is an integer having an average value of from approximately 20 to 800 and the ratio of m to n is approximately 1, for impeding the combustibility of combustible materials. The agent is comprised of(a) approximately 75 to 99% by weight of ammonium polyphosphate, and(b) approximately 1 to 25% by weight of a hardened water-insoluble polycondensation product of melamine and formaldehyde encasing the individual ammonium polyphosphate particles.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a fire and heat protection material of ablative type. According to the invention an organic binder is mixed with a filler consisting of hydrated aluminum sulfate of the general formula Al.sub.2 (SO.sub.4).sub.3 .n H.sub.2 O (wherein n=14-18) being present in amounts of more than 65% by wt of the mixture.The fire and heat protection material can be produced in the form of hard sheets, tapes, films, putties or paints, the time of heat protection being even more than 90 minutes.The material can be used for coating fuel tanks and particularly for protection of stationary stores of explosives and ammunition.

Abstract: Heat-foamable fireproofing compositions contain thermosetting phenolic resins, thermally decomposable organic nitrogen compounds, eg. dicyandiamide, an ammonium salt and a carbohydrate or polyhydric alcohol, and on decomposition form a stiff carbonaceous foam.

Abstract: An aqueous coating composition for the corrosion-protection and/or fire-protection of substrates comprising a dispersion of chemically delaminated vermiculite lamellae in an aqueous solution or dispersion of a film-forming polymeric binder. Preferably the vermiculite lamellae are of size below 50 microns, especially below 20 microns, and the film-forming polymeric binder is in the form of a colloidal dispersion or emulsion of the polymer in water such as is commonly called a latex.

Abstract: Self-extinguishing polyolefin compositions consisting of:(1) from 52 to 96.55% by weight of at least one olefin polymer or copolymer;(2) from 3 to 30% by weight of a nitrogenous compound selected from amongst 1,3,5-triazines, urea and dicyandiamide;(3) from 0.3 to 3% by weight of a free-radical promoting compound selected from amongst 2,3-dimethyl-2,3-diphenylbutane and 2,3-dimethyl-2,3-diphenyl-hexane;(4) from 0.15 to 15% by weight of a compound of formula(R.sub.1 --S).sub.n R.sub.3 or (II) R.sub.2 .dbd.S, (I)wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are imidazol, uracyl, alkyleneurea or benzotriazol radicals, R.sub.3 =H, or a metal of Group II (A) or (B), or aluminum.

Abstract: The present invention relates to intumescent fire retardant compositions for polymers such as olefin polymers, polyester resins, polyurethane resins etc. According to the invention, the intumescent fire retardant compositions contain a thermolized product obtained from a system comprising P.sub.2 O.sub.5 or a P.sub.2 O.sub.5 -precursor together with triethanolamine. The ratio between the constituents is between 0.5 to 2.0 parts by weight P.sub.2 O.sub.5 to 1 part triethanolamine. The intumescent fire retardant compositions according to the present invention obviate the need for using of halogen-containing fire retardants which produce acid vapors during decomposition.

Abstract: Flexible intumescent sheet materials containing low density filler components to provide low density mounting mats which reduce the mount density to prevent ceramic diesel particulate monolith cracking are disclosed.

Abstract: A high char yielding matrix resin for use in fabricating carbon-carbon composites comprised of a polymerizable mixture of a diethynylbenzene monomer and an ethynylpyrene monomer.

Abstract: The char-forming characteristics of vinyl aromatic polymers are improved by the incorporation therein of (1) active allyl and/or benzyl carbon moieties and (2) an arylsulfonate ester. In an example, a styrenic polymer comprising polyvinylbenzylacetate is given increased char-forming ability by the presence of pentaerythritol parabromobenzenesulfonate.

Abstract: Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer compositions comprising a polyurethane elastomer, a pentate salt of an amino-s-triazine, and optionally a polyol are flame retardant and intumescent and may be compounded to be self-extinguishing.

Abstract: Compositions comprising 2,6,7-trioxa-1-phosphobicyclo [2.2.2.] octane -4-methanol-1-oxide and a nitrogen compound selected from the group melamine, ammeline, benzoguanidine, guanidine, urea and salts thereof, are intumescent and are readily adapted to flame retard a variety of dissimilar resins including polyolefins, polyvinylaromatic resins, polycarbonates, polyacrylates, polyamides, PVC and blends thereof.

Abstract: Thermoplastic polyphenylene ether compositions comprising a polyphenylene ether-styrenic resin blend, a pentate salt of an amino-s-triazine and optionally a polyol are flame retardant and intumescent and may be compounded to be self-extinguishing.

Abstract: A high char yielding matrix resin for use in fabricating carbon-carbon composites comprised of a polymerizable mixture of a diethynylbenzene monomer and an ethynylpyrene monomer.