Inversion To Form Water-in-oil System Patents (Class 523/337)
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Patent number: 4599379Abstract: A stable, water dispersable, substantially anhydrous disperson of water soluble or water swellable polymer particles in water immiscible liquid is made by reverse phase suspension polymerization and dehydration of the dispersion and is rendered dispersable in water by the addition of an oil soluble surfactant having HLB above 7.Type: GrantFiled: January 16, 1985Date of Patent: July 8, 1986Assignee: Allied Colloids Ltd.Inventors: Peter Flesher, David Farrar, Alan C. Benson
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Patent number: 4591609Abstract: A method for producing water-dispersible compositions is characterized in that an organo-synthetic resin having a softening point of not less than 65.degree. C. is uniformly heating-mixed with a surface active agent, the mixture obtained is then uniformly mixed with water with stirring while maintaining a temperature above the phase inversion temperature, and the resulting system comprising said resin, surface active agent and water is cooled below the phase inversion temperature to bring about phase inversion in the system, whereby said resin is dispersed in water in the form of fine particles (the phase inversion temperature shall be a temperature higher than 30.degree. C. below the softening point of the organo-synthetic resin but lower than the said softening point.Type: GrantFiled: May 30, 1985Date of Patent: May 27, 1986Assignee: Shinto Paint Co., Ltd.Inventors: Akira Kubo, Kan Nishizaki, Yasuomi Okado
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Patent number: 4582628Abstract: This invention relates to vinyl-type interpolymers having an overall carbon/oxygen atom ratio of about 2 to about 4, which is preferably derived from 2 types of vinyl monomers:(1) at least one vinyl-type monomer present in the interpolymer at about 50 mole % or greater and having a carbon/oxygen atom ratio of about 3 or less ("hydrophilic" monomer), and(2) at least one vinyl-type monomer present in the interpolymer at about 50 mole % or less and having a carbon/oxygen atom ratio of about 3 or more ("hydrophobic" monomer).Typical examples are vinyl acetate/vinyl fatty ester copolymers and vinyl acetate/dialkyl maleate copolymers. This invention also relates to uses for these compositions, particularly in the demulsification of W/O emulsions.Type: GrantFiled: May 23, 1985Date of Patent: April 15, 1986Assignee: Petrolite CorporationInventors: Rudolf S. Buriks, James G. Dolan
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Patent number: 4565836Abstract: Multi-modal emulsions comprise a continuous oil phase and a discontinuous aqueous phase having two or more droplet size distributions and comprising a water-soluble polymer. Such emulsions are prepared by subjecting portions of the emulsion to varying rates of shear during emulsion formation. The multi-modal emulsions can have high polymer solids, reduced oil content, low bulk viscosity and high stability.Type: GrantFiled: May 26, 1983Date of Patent: January 21, 1986Assignee: The Dow Chemical CompanyInventors: Richard R. Emerson, Do I. Lee, James P. Easterly
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Patent number: 4554298Abstract: A water soluble polymer containing acid groups can be fractionated into higher and lower molecular weight fractions by partial neutralization of the polymer as a solution in a blend of water and a low molecular weight alcohol and separating the resultant aqueous and organic phases.Type: GrantFiled: November 16, 1984Date of Patent: November 19, 1985Assignee: Allied Colloids LimitedInventors: David Farrar, Malcolm Hawe
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Patent number: 4525496Abstract: A water-in-oil emulsion of a water-soluble polymer such as acrylamide/acrylic acid copolymer having improved invertibility is prepared by (1) adding a portion of an inverting surfactant such as sorbitan trioleate having 20 polyoxyethylene units to a water-in-oil emulsion of water-soluble monomer, (2) polymerizing the monomer and (3) adding a remaining amount of inverting surfactant to the emulsion.Type: GrantFiled: July 17, 1981Date of Patent: June 25, 1985Assignee: The Dow Chemical CompanyInventors: Timothy J. Adaway, Harold G. Fravel, Jr., James P. Easterly, Jr.
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Patent number: 4503172Abstract: A water soluble polymer containing acid groups can be fractionated into higher and lower molecular weight fractions by partial neutralization of the polymer as a solution in a blend of water and a low molecular weight alcohol and separating the resultant aqueous and organic phases.Type: GrantFiled: May 21, 1984Date of Patent: March 5, 1985Assignee: Allied Colloids LimitedInventors: David Farrar, Malcolm Hawe
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Patent number: 4489174Abstract: Vesiculated beads having improved scattering efficiency and resistance to shrinkage are prepared by a process which comprises:(a) forming in the presence of a polyamine, as a water-in-oil emulsion, a stable dispersion of droplets of water in a solution of a carboxylic acid functional unsaturated polyester resin having an acid value of 8 to 20, and at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer copolymerizable with the polyester; and(b) forming in an aqueous solution, as a water-in-oil-water emulsion, a stable dispersion of the globules of the droplet-containing amine neutralized solution of the carboxylic acid functional unsaturated polyester and copolymerizable monomer; and(c) polymerizing the polyester and copolymerizable monomer by free radical addition polymerization thereby producing granules of opaque, cross-linked vesiculated beads;wherein the polyamine contains at least 3 amine groups per molecule; and wherein the amine is present at a concentration such that there are at least about 2.Type: GrantFiled: May 3, 1984Date of Patent: December 18, 1984Assignee: The Sherwin-Williams CompanyInventor: Michael Karickhoff
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Patent number: 4485209Abstract: Described herein is a semi-continuous process for producing a polymer water-in-oil emulsion which process comprises:(a) combining: (i) an aqueous solution comprising at least one water-soluble monomer and (ii) a mixture comprising a hydrophobic liquid, a hydrophobic monomer and an oil-soluble surfactant;(b) homogenizing the mixture from (a) to form a water-in-oil emulsion;(c) deoxygenating said homogenized water-in-oil emulsion;(d) continually adding the homogenized water-in-oil emulsion to a reactor while adding thereto a deoxygenated initiator solution;(e) heating the mixture from (d) under polymerization conditions so as to form a polymer water-in-oil emulsion, and(f) recovering a polymer water-in-oil emulsion.Type: GrantFiled: September 30, 1983Date of Patent: November 27, 1984Assignee: Union Carbide CorporationInventors: You-Ling Fan, George L. Brode
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Patent number: 4483945Abstract: A process of preparing aqueous slurries of vesiculated granules of crosslinked polyester resin wherein the granules have a maximum shrinkage on drying of 5% of the granule diameter.The formation of aggregates of granules in the large scale production of granules using a metal oxide, hydroxide or weak acid salt as base can be overcome by using a surfactant which comprises a species ##STR1## wherein a=5-12, X is an anion of pK.sub.1 less than 2 and R is an alkylene oxide chain composed of units selected from ethylene, propylene and butylene oxides. When alkylene oxide other than ethylene oxide is present in the chain, such alkylene oxide must not provide more than two units per chain and the chain must additionally comprise at least three ethylene oxide units.The granules prepared by the process are useful as matting and opacifying agents in, for example, coating compositions.Type: GrantFiled: August 10, 1983Date of Patent: November 20, 1984Assignee: Dulux Australia Ltd.Inventors: Michael P. Beresford, Susan E. Potter, Philip J. A. Ritchie
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Patent number: 4474912Abstract: The instant invention relates to water-in-oil emulsions which are non-irritating to the skin, low in toxicity, colorless and easy to wash off, which contain as the emulsifying agent a polyoxyalkylene compound of the formula:Y(A).sub.m --(B).sub.n Hwherein Y is the residue formed by the removal of one atom of active hydrogen from a suitable initiator, A is a hydrophobic, heteric mixture of an oxytetramethylene radical, derived from tetramethylene oxide and a vicinal alkylene oxide radical derived from propylene oxide; B is primarily C.sub.2 H.sub.4 O; m is an integer such that the total molecular weight of the hydrophobe is about 500 to 2000 and n is an integer such that B is about 20 to 50 percent of the total weight of the compound.Type: GrantFiled: August 29, 1983Date of Patent: October 2, 1984Assignee: BASF Wyandotte CorporationInventors: Ahmet C. Ozmeral, Irving R. Schmolka
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Patent number: 4461849Abstract: Vesiculated beads having improved scattering efficiency and resistance to shrinkage are prepared by a process which comprises:(a) forming in the presence of a polyamine, as a water-in-oil emulsion, a stable dispersion of droplets of water in a solution of a carboxylic acid functional unsaturated polyester resin having an acid value of 8 to 20, and at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer copolymerizable with the polyester; and(b) forming in an aqueous solution, as a water-in-oil-in-water emulsion, a stable dispersion of the globules of the droplet-containing amine neutralized solution of the carboxylic acid functional unsaturated polyester and copolymerizable monomer; and(c) polymerizing the polyester and copolymerizable monomer by free radical addition polymerization thereby producing granules of opaque, cross-linked vesiculated beads;wherein the polyamine contains at least 3 amine groups per molecule; and wherein the amine is present at a concentration such that there are at least about 2.Type: GrantFiled: July 26, 1983Date of Patent: July 24, 1984Assignee: The Sherwin-Williams CompanyInventor: Michael Karickhoff
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Patent number: 4461848Abstract: An improved process for the manufacture of vesiculated beads has been developed which can be used for the production of semi-gloss or satin finished paints. The process involves mixing an oil-phase containing a cross-linkable polyester resin in solution with a monomer co-polymerizable with the resin and an aqueous phase containing an emulsifying agent under conditions such that globules of the oil-phase are formed having a diameter of less than 1.5 microns. The emulsion containing the globules also contains a base and the amount of the emulsifying agent is from 3 to 16 grams per 100 ml of the oil-phase and the volume fraction has a value of 0.2 to 0.4 and X as defined is from 4 to 8. Preferably the beads are pigmented with titanium dioxide pigment.Type: GrantFiled: October 29, 1982Date of Patent: July 24, 1984Assignee: Tioxide Group Plc.Inventors: Edmund J. Lawson, Charles G. Waterfield
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Patent number: 4451594Abstract: A method of emulsifying an unsaturated diallylphthalate-based resin to form a continuous water phase emulsion which involves mixing a diallylphthalate-based resin with a specified emulsifying agent, adding water and agitating to form an emulsion in which the aqueous phase is the continuous phase.Type: GrantFiled: March 10, 1983Date of Patent: May 29, 1984Assignee: Owens-Corning Fiberglas CorporationInventor: Leslie E. Campbell
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Patent number: 4439580Abstract: The instant invention is directed to a process for the production of high molecular weight water-in-oil polymer emulsions of cationic polymers.Type: GrantFiled: August 27, 1982Date of Patent: March 27, 1984Assignee: Calgon CorporationInventor: Raymond J. Schaper
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Patent number: 4419466Abstract: Invert emulsion polymers are prepared by continuously circulating a system comprising a non-polar liquid and an aqueous solution of polymerizable monomers, continuously adding components to said system and continuously withdrawing a portion of said system comprising the desired invert emulsion polymer. The method is conveniently effected in a loop reactor. It is particularly effective for the production of invert emulsion polymers of acrylamidoalkanesulfonic acids and their salts; e.g., 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid.Type: GrantFiled: June 25, 1981Date of Patent: December 6, 1983Assignee: The Lubrizol CorporationInventor: Thomas R. Hopkins
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Patent number: 4391932Abstract: Water-in-oil emulsions of copolymers of acrylamide and dimethylaminopropylacrylamide are disclosed. These polymers find use as retention aids in the manufacture of paper and as dewatering agents for municipal and industrial aqueous waste materials. Methods of preparing these polymers are disclosed.Type: GrantFiled: January 22, 1982Date of Patent: July 5, 1983Assignee: Nalco Chemical CompanyInventor: Wun T. Tai
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Patent number: 4363886Abstract: An amphoteric water-in-oil self-inverting polymer emulsion is prepared which contains a copolymer of (1) a nonionic vinyl monomer and (2) an amphoteric vinyl monomer or a terpolymer of (1) a nonionic vinyl monomer, (2) an anionic vinyl monomer and (3) a cationic vinyl monomer in the aqueous phase, a hydrocarbon oil for the oil phase, a water-in-oil emulsifying agent and an inverting surfactant. An example of a copolymer is a copolymer of (1) a nonionic vinyl monomer such as acrylamide or methacrylamide and (2) an amphoteric vinyl monomer such as a reaction product of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate and monochloroacetic acid. An example of a terpolymer is a terpolymer of (1) a nonionic vinyl monomer such as acrylamide or methacrylamide, (2) an anionic vinyl monomer such as sodium acrylate and (3) a cationic vinyl monomer such as a triethyl ammonium ethyl methacrylate methosulfate salt.Type: GrantFiled: September 4, 1981Date of Patent: December 14, 1982Assignee: Diamond Shamrock CorporationInventors: Stanley A. Lipowski, John J. Miskel, Jr.