Abstract: A stabilizer mixture containing (A) a sterically hindered amine compound, and (B) two different compounds selected from the group consisting of an organic salt of Zn, an inorganic salt of Zn, an organic salt of Mg and an inorganic salt of Mg; the weight ratio of the two different compounds being 1:10 to 10:1; with the provisos that (1) the stabilizer mixture is essentially free of perchloric acid, and (2) the two compounds in component (B) are different from the combination ZnO and Zn stearate and the combination ZnO and hydrotalcite; is useful for stabilizing an organic material, in particular a polyolefin, against degradation induced by light, heat or oxidation.

Abstract: In a multi-piece solid golf ball comprising a solid core, a mantle and a cover, the solid core is made of a rubber composition that includes a base rubber containing a polybutadiene synthesized using a rare-earth catalyst, a small amount of organic peroxide, an unsaturated carboxylic acid and/or a metal salt thereof, an organic sulfur compound and an inorganic filler. The mantle is made of a thermoplastic resin composition. The cover is made primarily of a thermoplastic polyurethane material. This construction provides the golf ball with a combination of outstanding flight performance and soft feel with cover's scuff resistance and coating's abrasion resistance, that is unprecedented.

Abstract: A golf ball including a core comprised of a polymer containing an acid group that has been neutralized 90% or greater by a salt of an organic acid, a cation source, or a suitable base of the organic acid, the core having a compression of 90 or less and a diameter of between 1.00 inch and 1.64 inches; and a thermoplastic cover layer including ionomeric copolymers and terpolymers, ionomer precursors, thermoplastics, thermoplastic elastomers, grafted metallocene-catalyzed polymers, non-grafted metallocene-catalyzed polymers, single-site polymers, high-crystalline acid polymers and their ionomers, or cationic ionomers.

Abstract: Golf ball compositions including novel processing aids, e.g., metal salts of unsaturated fatty acids, high styrene resins, transpolyisoprene, and transpolybutadiene, for inclusion in rubber-based compositions that reduce safety risks, mixer down time, increase dispersion of the ingredients during processing, and increase component COR over that of a component formed with a conventional processing aid.

Abstract: A golf ball a core and a cover, wherein at least one of the core or the cover includes a blend of a highly neutralized ionomer formed from a reaction between an ionomer having acid groups, a suitable cation source, and a salt of an organic acid, the cation source being present in an amount sufficient to neutralized the acid by 80% or greater; and a crosslinked or vulcanized diene rubber.

Abstract: The use of organic based nucleating agents to induce certain specific polymer orientations into the molded polypropylene articles such that the resultant part has improved stiffness-impact properties without sacrificing other attributes of the polypropylene is provided. Such results have been obtained through the utilization of low amount of organic nucleating compounds, including, without limitation, specific metal salts of hexahydrophthalic acid (hereinafter HHPA). Furthermore, such nucleating compounds have been found to impart, again in such low added amounts, heretofore unforeseen levels of b-axis crystalline orientation which translates into improved physical properties as well.

Abstract: The invention relates to thermoplastic moulding materials containing A) 10–98 wt. % of at least one thermoplastic polyester, B) 1–30 wt. % of a flame resistant material combination made of 100 wt. % B), b1) 20 99 wt. % of a flame resistant material containing halogen b2) 1–80 wt. % of an antimonoxide, C) 0.01–5 wt. % of tartaric acid or tartrates or a mixture thereof, D) 0 is 5 wt.-% of at least one stabilisator containing phosphorous, E) 0–70 wt.-% of additional materials, whereby the sum of the wt % of the components A)–E) is 100%.

Abstract: The present invention is in the field of polymer sheets comprising poly(vinyl butyral) and sodium acetate and methods of producing and using the same, and more specifically, the present invention is in the field of polymer sheets comprising plasticized poly(vinyl butyral), sodium acetate, and an adhesion control agent.

Abstract: The present invention encompasses a novel organic based composition which includes at least one organic based heat stabilizer component, and at least one stabilizer modifying component selected from the group of liquid calcium soap and 1,3,5-tris (2-hydroxyethyl) cyanuric acid. The invention also encompasses heat stabilized polymer compositions made with the novel organic based composition disclosed herein.

Abstract: The present invention relates to substantially free-flowing polymer particles. The polymer particles are those which have a one millimeter penetration temperature of less than about 75° C. as determined by thermal mechanical analysis or an unconfined yield strength of greater than about 15 pounds per square foot (73 kilograms per square meter). The composition also comprises an effective amount of an anti-blocking agent in the presence or absence of a binding agent.

Abstract: A golf ball material comprising a heated mixture of (a) a random copolymer containing at least 5% by weight of a metal ion-neutralized unsaturated carboxylic acid having an acid content of at least 16% by weight, (b) a thermoplastic elastomer, (c) a fatty acid and/or derivative thereof having a molecular weight of 280–1,500, and (d) a basic metal compound capable of neutralizing unneutralized acid groups in components (a) and (c) has good thermal stability, flow and moldability, and can be molded into a part exhibiting excellent rebound, ensuring the manufacture of golf balls with high performance.

Abstract: The present invention has it for its object to provide an interlayer film for laminated glass and a laminated glass which shows a much decreased extent of blushing of the peripheral region thereof even when placed in a high-humidity atmosphere, without compromise in those fundamental performance characteristics which are required of laminated glass, such as transparency, weather resistance, adhesion and penetration resistance. The present invention is related to an interlayer film for laminated glass comprising a plasticized poly(vinyl acetal) resin and having the haze after 24 hours of immersion is not more than 50% when said interlayer film with a thickness of 0.3 to 0.8 mm is immersed in water at 23° C.

Abstract: A golf ball comprising a core and two or more outer layers covering said core, wherein the first outer layer is formed mainly from a mixture of a non-ionomer thermoplastic elastomer and an isocyanate compound and the second outer layer is formed mainly from a mixture composed of a resin component consisting of an ionomer resin and a non-ionomer thermoplastic elastomer, a fatty acid and/or a derivative thereof, a metal ion source capable of neutralizing unneutralized acid radicals in the above-mentioned components, and a compound having two or more reactive functional groups and a molecular weight no larger than 20,000, with the first outer layer being contiguous to the second outer layer, which exhibits superior in durability and rebound resilience.

Abstract: A golf ball comprising a core and a cover layer, wherein at least one of the core or cover layer comprises a hybrid material that contains fatty acid-modified glass ionomers, an ormocer or other inorganic-organic materials.

Abstract: An extrudable PVA-containing composition is disclosed, which enables PVA articles to be manufactured on conventional extrusion apparatus. The compositions includes a lubricant, such as a fatty acid amide, most preferably octodecanamide and is most preferably formed into pellets by cold pressing. The compositions are suitable for manufacturing a variety of products.

Abstract: A stabilizer mixture containing A) either (A1) at least one compound of the formula in which R1 is for example hydrogen or C1–C8alkyl; R2, R3, R5 and R6 are for example hydrogen, C1–C30alkyl or phenyl; R4 is for example C1–C30alkyl or 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl; and n1 is a number from 1 to 50; or (A2) at least one compound of the formulae wherein n2 and n2* are a number from 2 to 50; B) magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, zinc oxide, zinc hydroxide or an organic salt of zinc or magnesium; and C) either (C1) an UV absorber or (C2) a pigment or (C3) an UV absorber and a pigment; with the proviso that, when component A) is at least one compound of the formulae (IIIa) and (IIIb), component B) is magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide or an organic salt of zinc or magnesium. Such a stabilizer mixture is particularly useful for stabilizing a polyolefin against light-induced degradation.

Abstract: A stabilizer mixture containing A) for example at least one compound of the formula (I) wherein the radicals R1, independently of one another, are hydrogen, C1–C8alkyl, —O?, —CH2CN, C3–C6alkenyl, C7–C9phenylalkyl, C7–C9phenylalkyl which is substituted on the phenyl radical by C1–C4alkyl; or C1–C8acyl; and B) magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, zinc oxide, zinc hydroxide or an organic salt of zinc or magnesium, or a hydrotalcite; and C) either (C1) an UV absorber or (C2) a pigment or (C3) an UV absorber and a pigment. Such a stabilizer mixture is particularly useful for stabilizing a polyolefin against light-induced degradation.

Abstract: A solution of a polyketone as a copolymer of carbon monoxide and one or more olefins, wherein 90 wt % or more of said copolymer comprises carbon monoxide units and olefin units, and a solvent is an aqueous solution of at least one member selected from the group consisting of zinc salts, calcium salts, thiocyanates and iron salts.

Abstract: A fire retardant polymer composition is provided. The fire retardant polymer composition is formed of a polymer material, a plurality of monomers of a polycondensed partially hydrolyzed chelated metal oxide precursor, and at least one flame retardant constituent. A process for making a flame retardant polymer composition is also presented. The process includes contacting a polymer material with a metal oxide sol comprising a liquid and a condensation product of a partially hydrolyzed chelated metal oxide precursor to form a mixture. The polymer material also is contacted with at least one flame retardant constituent. The polymer material is then polymerized or solidified.

Abstract: Concentrates (also known as masterbatches) of certain bicyclic dicarboxylate salt thermoplastic nucleating additives in order to facilitate use thereof in typical thermoplastic manufacturing procedures are provided. Such nucleating additives have been found to impart high peak crystallization temperatures to thermoplastics (such as polypropylene, as one example); however, when combined in masterbatch form in the past such a nucleation property was sacrificed to a certain extent due to unforeseen problems associated with polymer-containing concentrates (i.e., pellets, for example) of such additives. Thus, improvements in masterbatching of these bicyclic dicarboxylate salt thermoplastic nucleators have been accomplished to the level necessary to allow for concentrate use with concomitant effective nucleation effects at the same level (if not in excess thereof) of the utilization of such a nucleator mixed prior to melt-compounding with a target or resin or added directly into a molten resin (i.e.

Abstract: A golf ball with relatively rigid inner core and soft intermediate layer is disclosed. The rigid inner core maintains the balls' high coefficient of restitution at high impact speeds, while the soft intermediate layer provides better feel for greenside play. The intermediate layer can be made from a highly neutralized polymer, which can be thermoset or thermoplastic. The highly neutralized polymer is foamed or otherwise has its specific gravity reduced. The intermediate layer can also be made from a castable reactive liquid polymer.

Abstract: An aluminum hydroxide composition is disclosed, having diminished tendency to cause discoloration on heating at 177° C. of a plastic composition whose major polymeric component is polyvinyl chloride, comprising aluminum hydroxide and an amount, effective in diminishing discoloration, of at least one inorganic perchlorate salt selected from the group consisting of alkali metal perchlorates and alkaline earth metal perchlorates.

Abstract: Synthetic hydrotalcites of the general formula [M2+1?xM3+x(OH)2]x+[An?x/n.mH2O]x? where M2+ is a divalent cation, M3+ is a trivalent cation and An? is an organic anion selected from straight chain carboxylates of C16-C18 acids, carboxylates of aromatic acids, carboxylates of acrylic acid, unsaturated carboxylates of methacrylic acid and unsaturated carboxylates of vinylacetic acid are disclosed, along with methods of synthesis and uses.

Abstract: A molding composition exhibiting bleach resistance includes a polyoxymethylene matrix polymer, from about 0.5 to about 10 weight percent of a bleach stabilizer selected from alkali metal or alkaline earth element carbonates or phosphates and mixtures thereof dispersed in the matrix resin. A bleach co-stabilizer is selected from the group consisting of: (a) a poly(alkoxy) stabilizer; (b) a zinc oxide stabilizer; (c) a color stabilizer consisting of a mixture of calcium citrate and calcium propionate, wherein the calcium citrate is the predominant component of the color stabilizer mixture; or (d) mixtures of two or more of (a), (b) and (c). The compositions exhibit a bleach resistance index of at least 2.0.

Abstract: A resin composition of an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer adheres little to dies and ensures good long-run workability and self-purgeability and its shaped articles have good appearance with few voids and show diminished yellowing.

Abstract: A golf ball material comprises a heated mixture having a melt index of at least 1.0 dg/min, which mixture is composed of (A) a thermoplastic resin, (B) a fatty acid or fatty acid derivative having a molecular weight of at least 280, and (C) a basic inorganic metal compound capable of neutralizing acidic groups in components A and B. The material including a highly neutralized ionomer resin has good thermal stability, flow characteristics and moldability. The invention is also directed at high-rebound golf balls which can be easily and efficiently manufactured using the same material.

Abstract: The invention provides intimate physical mixtures of macrocyclic polyester oligomer (MPO) and filler, as well as methods for their preparation and use. Improved dispersion of filler in a polymer matrix is achieved upon polymerization, and larger amounts of filler with high aspect ratio can be used. In one aspect, the invention provides mixtures of MPO with magnesium silicate. In another aspect, the invention provides a mixture of MPO, filler, and polymerization catalyst as a one-part, ready-to-polymerize material with a long shelf life. The one-part material can be used, for example, in the manufacture of parts without modification of existing processing equipment.

Abstract: A thermally-conductive interface interposable intermediate a first heat transfer surface and an opposing second heat transfer surface to provide a thermal pathway therebetween. The interface includes a thermally-conductive compound formed into a layer which is conformable between the first and second heat transfer surface. The compound is an admixture of: (a) a liquid resin constituent; and (b) a particulate filler constituent. The liquid resin constituent may be an ethylene-propylene copolymer (EPM) or a terpolymer (EPDM) of ethylene and propylene and a diene which may be ethylidene norbornene (ENB) or dicyclopentadiene (DCPD).

Abstract: Thermoplastics with high resilience (high coefficient of restitution) and softness (low Atti compressions) and their use in golf ball components. Melt-processible, highly-neutralized ethylene acid copolymers and process for making them by incorporating an aliphatic, mono-functional organic acid in the acid copolymer and then neutralizing greater than 90% of all the acid groups present.

Abstract: The present invention relates to antimicrobial compositions, methods for the production of these compositions, and use of these compositions with medical devices, such as catheters, and implants. The compositions of the present invention advantageously provide varying release kinetics for the active ions in the compositions due to the different water solubilities of the ions, allowing antimicrobial release profiles to be tailored for a given application and providing for sustained antimicrobial activity over time. More particularly, the invention relates to polymer compositions containing colloids comprised of salts of one or more oligodynamic metal, such as silver. The process of the invention includes mixing a solution of one or more oligodynamic metal salts with a polymer solution or dispersion and precipitating a colloid of the salts by addition of other salts to the solution which react with some or all of the first metal salts.

Abstract: Milled, small particle size, solid bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane dicarboxylate salt-containing thermoplastic nucleating additive formulations further comprising at least one anticaking agent for improved haze reduction, improved nucleation performance, and prevention of potential cementation (via agglomeration) of the salt component present therein are provided. Such small particle size dicarboxylate salts provide desirable properties within thermoplastic articles, particularly as nucleating agents, but apparently suffer from certain clarity issues and agglomeration problems (due to the flat and thin plate structures of such compounds and the propensity they exhibit to cohere to each other during storage), making utilization thereof less desirable for certain applications. Thus, an improvement has been provided to permit full benefit of the excellent crystallization temperatures, stiffness, and calcium stearate compatibility such dicarboxylate salts accord within target low haze thermoplastics.

Abstract: A golf ball comprising a core comprised of a polymer containing an acid group fully-neutralized by an organic acid or a salt, a cation source, or a suitable base thereof, the core having a first Shore D hardness, a compression of no greater than about 80, and a diameter of no less than about 1.53 inches; and a cover formed of a blend comprising polyurethanes and polyureas or a copolymer comprising urethane and urea segments.

Abstract: Milled, small particle size, solid bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane dicarboxylate salt-containing thermoplastic nucleating additive formulations further comprising at least one anticaking agent for improved haze reduction, improved nucleation performance, and prevention of potential cementation (via agglomeration) of the salt component present therein are provided. Such small particle size dicarboxylate salts provide desirable properties within thermoplastic articles, particularly as nucleating agents, but apparently suffer from certain clarity issues and agglomeration problems (due to the flat and thin plate structures of such compounds and the propensity they exhibit to cohere to each other during storage), making utilization thereof less desirable for certain applications. Thus, an improvement has been provided to permit full benefit of the excellent crystallization temperatures, stiffness, and calcium stearate compatibility such dicarboxylate salts accord within target low haze thermoplastics.

Abstract: The invention discloses a stabilized resin composition comprising a thermoplastic resin and a stabilizing benzimidazole based additive compound. In a second embodiment, the invention discloses a method to make a stabilized composition comprising a benzimidazole based stabilizing compound and a resin, said method comprising mixing said benzimidazole based stabilizing compound with said resin.

Abstract: Novel latex or emulsion compositions containing internally plasticizing and crosslinkable long-chain alkenol ester monomers are disclosed and claimed. Preferred embodiments include latex formed from acrylate or methacrylate esters of long-chain alkenols. A process for the synthesis of the latex composition is also disclosed, which involves (a) esterification of a long-chain alkenol with an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid; (b) polymerization of the ethylenically unsaturated ester in an aqueous phase with at least one other copolymerizable monomer; and (b) blending of so formed polymer with at least one drier and a surfactant to form the novel latex or emulsion compositions. These compositions form films at low minimum film forming temperatures (MFT) ranging from ?5 to 10° C. and cure to above ambient glass transition (Tg) polymers without the use of traditional organic cosolvents which contribute to environmental pollution via volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emissions.

Abstract: A mixture having good thermal stability, flow and moldability and suitable as a golf ball-forming material is obtained when a base resin comprising a (metal ion-neutralized) olefin-unsaturated carboxylic acid-unsaturated carboxylate ternary random copolymer and optionally a (metal ion-neutralized) olefin-unsaturated carboxylic acid binary random copolymer is blended with specific proportions of a fatty acid and/or fatty acid derivative and a basic inorganic metal compound capable of neutralizing acidic groups left unneutralized in the base resin and fatty acid. Using the same material, high-rebound golf balls can be effectively manufactured.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cross-linkable, halogen-free, flame-resistant plastic mixture which can especially be used, in a cross-linkable state, for coating cables. The inventive plastic mixture comprises the following plastic components: (a) 3 to 50 weight parts (phr) of at least one ethylene copolymer from the group comprising ethylene vinyl acetates, ethylene ethyl acrylates, ethylene methyl acrylates or ethylene butyl acrylates, (b) 30 to 96 weight parts (phr) of a high-density polyolefin, especially a HDPE (High Density Polyethylene) having a density of >0.94 g/cm3, and (c) 1 to 20 weight parts (phr) of a polyolefin which has been grafted with a derivative of an unsaturated carboxylic acid, especially HDPE-g carboxylic acid derivatives. Components (a) to (c) together produce a total of 100 weight parts (phr) of plastic. The mixture also comprises the following components: (d) 40 to 250 weight parts (phr) of a filling material, and (c) 0.1 to 15 weight parts (phr) of a stabilizer system.

Abstract: A golf ball comprising a core included of a polymer containing an acid group fully-neutralized by an organic acid or a salt, a cation source, or a suitable base thereof, the core having a first Shore D hardness, a compression of no greater than about 90, and a diameter of between about 1.00 inches and about 1.64 inches; and a cover comprising a polyurea formed from a polyisocyanate, a polyamine, and a curing agent; wherein the ball has a compression of between about 50 and about 120.

Abstract: A stabilizer mixture containing (A) a sterically hindered amine compound, (B) an organic salt of Ca or an inorganic salt of Ca and (C) an organic salt of Mg, an inorganic salt of Mg, an organic salt of Zn or an inorganic salt of Zn; with the proviso that component (C) is Mg-hydroxide-carbonate, Zn-hydroxide-carbonate or dolomite, when component (B) is calcium stearate.

Abstract: An agricultural solid waste composition contains 81-90% by weight of a powdered agricultural solid waste, 9-15% by weight of water, and 1-4% by weight of a binder. The binder contains 85-95% by weight of a gel material, 2-7% by weight of a sulfate, 2-7% by weight of a stearate, and 0.5-2% by weight of a skin forming agent. The skin forming agent contains 75-85% by weight of the gel material, 6-10% by weight of calcium chloride, and 9-15% by weight of alum.

Abstract: The present invention relates to substantially free-flowing polymer particles. The polymer particles are those which have a one millimeter penetration temperature of less than about 75° C. as determined by thermal mechanical analysis or an unconfined yield strength of greater than about 15 pounds per square foot (73 kilograms per square meter). The composition also comprises an effective amount of an anti-blocking agent in the presence or absence of a binding agent.

Abstract: Synthetic hydrotalcites of the general formula [M2+1-xM3+x(OH)2]x+[An?x/n·mH2O]x? where M2+ is a divalent cation, M3+ is a trivalent cation and An? is an organic anion selected from straight chain carboxylates of C16-C18 acids, carboxylates of aromatic acids, carboxylates of acrylic acid, unsaturated carboxylates of methacrylic acid, unsaturated carboxylates of vinylacetic acid and C2 and higher organic acids containing heteroatoms such as nitrogen, phosphorous, sulfur and halogens are disclosed, along with methods of synthesis and uses.

Abstract: Shelf stable haze free liquids of overbased alkaline earth metal salts are obtained by reacting metal base with fatty acids in the presence of liquid hydrocarbon and aliphatic alcohols having at least 8 carbon atoms to provide overbased liquids essentially free of a phenol or a phenolic derivative. Stabilizer compositions containing the overbased liquids and mixed metal stabilizers of zinc, cadmium and tin are provided for stabilizing halogen-containing polymers.

Abstract: Provided is a flame-retardant polycarbonate resin composition comprising (A) 100 parts by weight of a polycarbonate resin, (B) from 0.2 to 10 parts by weight of a core/shell type, grafted rubbery elastomer, (C) from 0.02 to 5 parts by weight of an organic alkali metal salt and/or an organic alkaline earth metal salt, and (D) from 0.02 to 3 parts by weight of a polyfluoro-olefin resin. Not containing a halogen compound for flame retardation, it has good flame retardancy, and its moldability, impact resistance, thermal stability, wet heat resistance and recyclability are all good.

Abstract: A metal carbonate/carboxylate microemulsion imparting static and dynamic thermal stability to a halogen-containing polymer is provided which comprises (a) a metal carbonate/carboxylate obtained from the reaction of an oxide and/or hydroxide of a metal selected from the group consisting of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, zinc and mixtures thereof and an aliphatic acid in which the aliphatic moiety contains up to about 30 carbon atoms and carbon dioxide in an oil; b) one or more non-phenolic compounds having about two or about three hydroxyl groups; and, c) one or more polyols, alcohol ethoxylates and/or alcohol propoxylates having from about 6 to about 24 carbon atoms in the alcohol and/or 0 to 3 ethylene oxide units and/or 0 to 3 propylene oxide units.

Abstract: The invention relates to blends of waxes (component A) and polymer additives (component H) and to the use thereof.

Abstract: A carbon monoxide modified ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer composition is disclosed, having diminished tendency to cause discoloration on heating at 177° C. of a plastic composition whose major polymeric component is polyvinyl chloride, comprising carbon monoxide modified ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and an amount, effective in diminishing discoloration, of at least one inorganic perchlorate salt selected from the group consisting of alkali metal perchlorates and alkaline earth metal perchlorates.

Abstract: A thermoplastic composition of (a) an acid copolymer, (b) a salt of a high molecular weight, monomeric organic acid; (c) a thermoplastic polymer selected from copolyetheresters, elastomeric polyolefins, styrene diene block copolymers, elastomeric polyolefins thermoplastic polyurethanes and copolyetheramides; (d) cation source; and (d) optionally a filler. Also included is use of such compositions in components of one-, two- and three-piece golf balls or multi-layered golf balls made therefrom.

Abstract: Melt-processable, highly-neutralized ethylene, C3 to C8 &agr;,&bgr; ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymers and process for making them. Copolymers are made by incorporating a C4 to less than a C36 aliphatic, mono-functional organic acid and neutralizing greater than 90% to 100% of the acid groups present concurrently with or subsequently to the incorporation of the organic acid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel resin composition which is excellent in the balance of impact resistance, chemical resistance and fluidity as well as heat resistance and flame retardancy, and to a method for obtaining the composition. Particularly, it relates to a resin composition comprising: (A) 70 to 99 parts by weight of a polyphenylene ether resin, and (B) 1 to 30 parts by weight of a liquid-crystal polyester, wherein the polyphenylene ether resin in the composition contains 10 to 30 wt. % of polymer having a molecular weight of 20,000 or less and has a molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn) of 1.8 to 3.5.

Abstract: A conveying system comprising an upfeed conveyor for conveying individual stock items upwardly to a press or the like and a generally horizontal infeed conveyor for conveying endwise a stack of items positioned on edge thereon to the upfeed conveyor which has several sections all of which are activated to move the item delivered thereto upwardly and wherein the lower sections are periodically stopped and the uppermost section is freely adapted to move to facilitate withdrawal of the item in transit from the upfeed conveyor, the infeed conveyor being vertically adjustable and tiltable with respect to the upfeed conveyor for handling different sized stock items, and wherein conveyors are so juxtaposed that the item in transit on the upfeed conveyor shields the upper portion of the next item from engaging movable section until the item in transit is completely withdrawn from the upfeed conveyor and wherein a retard is provided with an items gauge shield to insure single item feeding.