Abstract: Composition and method for making a flexible packaging film having highly loaded with at least one inorganic filler. A blown HDPE film comprising at least 50% by weight inorganic filler is oriented in the machine direction to increase yield and tensile strength, and reduce gauge variation to improve print qualities.

Abstract: A modified ground tire rubber based additive includes (a) 30-99 weight percent of ground tire rubber, (b) 0-9-69.9 weight percent of a material selected from a group including a gelling clay, a reactive agent, an elastomer, a plastomer, a handling and agglomerating agent and mixtures thereof and (c) 0.1-5 weight percent compatibilizer.

Abstract: A nano-clay material that exhibits improved compatibility with polymers is described. The nano-clay material may be mixed with polymers to produce a nano-clay polymer nanocomposite material including reduced levels of clay loading. Methods for making the nano-clay nanocomposite material and articles of manufacture from the nanocomposite material are also described.

Abstract: A coating composition has excellent application workability, facilitates thick coating, rarely causes cracks at an initial drying stage, and provides a dried film having excellent tensile properties and adhesiveness. The composition contains an aggregate and an emulsion with a polymer particle dispersed in an aqueous medium. The polymer particle includes 40% to 98% of a unit formed by polymerizing an alkyl(meth)acrylate monomer, the alkyl group having 4 to 14 carbon atoms, 0.1% to 5% of a unit formed by polymerizing an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer, 1% to 20% of a unit formed by polymerizing a vinyl monomer having a cyano group, 1% to 20% of a unit formed by polymerizing a reaction product of a (meth)acrylic acid and a monofunctional epoxy compound, and 0% to 50% of a unit formed by copolymerizing at least one of the above monomers with another monomer.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a water vapor barrier film having good flexibility, good moisture resistance, and high mechanical strength. A further object of the present invention is to provide a dispersion for water vapor barrier films which is intended to be used to produce the water vapor barrier film, a method for producing the water vapor barrier film, a solar cell back sheet incorporating the water vapor barrier film, and a solar cell incorporating the water vapor barrier film or the solar cell back sheet. The present invention provided a water vapor barrier film containing: phyllosilicate mineral; and a synthetic resin, wherein the phyllosilicate mineral includes a non-swelling clay mineral and a swelling clay mineral, the phyllosilicate mineral is present in an amount of not less than 30% by weight and not more than 90% by weight of the total weight of the water vapor barrier film, and the water vapor barrier film has a water vapor permeability, measured at 40° C.

Abstract: A process for treating a tailings stream comprises (a) contacting (1) a gelling agent and (2) an activator with said tailings stream to produce a gel; (b)entrapping solids including sand and clay, and other solid particles with the gel; and (c) allowing the gel to strengthen and solidify to produce a trafficable deposit; wherein the tailings stream comprises water and solids, which solids comprise sand, clay and other solids particles, and wherein 5% by volume to 100% by volume of the solids have a particle size less than 0.05 mm, based on the total volume of the solids. The process may further comprises spreading the gel produced in step (a) or the trafficable deposit produced in step (c) over a surface. The present invention is particularly useful to treat tailings streams produced in processes to extract bitumen from oil sands ores.

Abstract: The invention relates to silicone resins comprising metallosiloxane which contains Si—O-Metal bonds or borosiloxane containing Si—O—B bonds and potentially Si—O—Si and/or B—O—B bonds and containing sulfur. It also relates to the preparation of such silicone resins and to their use in thermoplastic or thermosetting organic polymer or rubber or thermoplastic/rubber blends compositions to reduce the flammability or enhanced scratch and/or abrasion resistance of the organic polymer compositions. It further relates to coatings made of such silicone resins for scratch resistance enhancement or flame retardant properties.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for making sand compositions wherein manufactured sand particles are pretreated with a clay-mitigating polycation and blended with natural sand particles that have washed to remove fines such that at least 90% of the natural sand particles are retained on a 75 micron sieve. Methods of the invention also involve the use of the blended pretreated sand for making concrete wherein the sand is combined with cement, a polycarboxylate type dispersant, a further amount of clay-mitigating polycation compound, and at least one hydryoxyl or hydroxyl carboxylic acid or salt compound.

Abstract: The invention relates to a waterborne coating composition comprising between 10 and 50% by weight of a water-dispersible and hydrophobic polyester resin, between 50 and 90% by weight of a metal salt of a fatty acid (with the amounts being based on the total solids content in the waterborne coating composition), and a base in an amount of between 70% and 130% of the number of carboxylic acid groups in the resin. It furthermore relates to a process for the preparation of said waterborne coating composition, and to its use.

Abstract: Disclosed is a polyamide resin composition for a wheel cover, which has an excellent balance between rigidity and toughness, improved low temperature impact property, excellent heat resistance, and improved strength of the surface of the composition and the weld. In particular, the polyamide resin composition comprises a polyamide 6 resin, an ethylene-based copolymer, a styrene-based copolymer, a maleic anhydride grafted styrene, an imide-based copolymer, nano-minerals, and a phenolic heat-resistant material.

Abstract: Disclosed is a flame retardant polyamide resin composition, and more particularly, a flame retardant polyamide resin composition having improved flame retardancy and further having improved strength, heat resistance, moisture absorption resistance, dimensional stability, and the like by including a polyamide nanocomposite in which an organized layered clay compound is contained by in-situ polymerization, a filler, and a phosphorus-based flame retardant. The composition has high economic efficiency because the composition is lighter and has a lower production cost than flame retardant materials in the related art.

Abstract: Provided is a composite material which can be preferably used as alternative seal materials to asbestos seal materials or as a heat dissipation sheet with excellent thermal conductivity. The composite material comprises: (1) an inorganic filler-containing material containing an inorganic filler and any of the following: a polyimide film, a polyimide varnish consisting of a polyamide acid solution, an incompletely-imidized and self-standing polyimide precursor film obtained by drying a polyamide acid solution, a polybenzimidazole film, a varnish consisting of a polybenzimidazole solution, a polyazomethine film, a mixed film consisting of a polyimide resin and a polybenzimidazole resin, a mixed varnish consisting of a polyamide acid solution and a polybenzimidazole solution, a mixed film consisting of a polyimide precursor and polyazomethine, a polybenzoxazole film, etc; and (2) a molding consisting of any of expanded graphite, organic fiber and inorganic fiber.

Abstract: Electrical insulation comprising a polymeric matrix having compounded therein, a functionalized dielectric nanoparticle filler comprising a self-healing moiety, dispersible in the polymeric matrix, wherein the electrical insulation is capable of self-healing upon exposure to corona discharge.

Abstract: A functionalized polyolefin having one or more pyridazine moieties is disclosed herein. A method to produce the functionalized polyolefin is also disclosed. A composition including the functionalized polyolefin is also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed are a polyolefin-based resin composition having excellent scratch resistance and low glossiness, a preparation method thereof, and automobile interior and exterior materials fabricated therefrom. The polyolefin-based resin composition comprises about 56 to 97% by weight of a polypropylene block copolymer resin, about 1 to 9% by weight of a thermoplastic elastomer rubber, about 1 to 30% by weight of an inorganic filler, and about 1 to 5% by weight of a fluoroacrylamide-based copolymer based on a total weight of the composition.

Abstract: Disclosed are a wholly aromatic liquid crystal polyester resin compound and a preparation method thereof. The disclosed wholly aromatic liquid crystal polyester resin compound comprises a wholly aromatic liquid crystal polyester resin having a high melting point, and an inorganic filler having a high thermal conductivity. In addition, the disclosed wholly aromatic liquid crystal polyester resin compound can be prepared by using a twin screw extruder having a barrel temperature of 350 to 450° C.

Abstract: A vibration-damping rubber composition is provided, which is used as a material for a rubber member of a liquid-filled vibration-damping rubber device in which a glycol liquid is sealingly contained. The rubber composition comprises: (A) a chloroprene rubber as a major component; and (B) an aromatic hydrocarbon plasticizer. The rubber composition makes it possible to suppress increase in the hardness of the rubber member (chamber wall) after thermal aging and reduction in durability.

Abstract: Disclosed is a hydrogenated nitrile rubber composition comprising 100 parts by weight of hydrogenated nitrile rubber having a bound acrylonitrile content of 31 to 50% and an iodine value of 30 mg/100 mg or less, 30 to 300 parts by weight of carbon black having a particle size of 61 nm or more and/or other filler, 0.5 to 30 parts by weight of a polyfunctional unsaturated compound cocrosslinking agent, and 1 to 10 parts by weight of an organic peroxide. The hydrogenated nitrile rubber composition has excellent roll processability and can be suitably used as a vulcanization-molding material for a cup gasket or bellows having excellent LLC resistance used in a water pump mechanical seal.

Abstract: A halogenated elastomer partially functionalized with triethylamine, in a mixture with fiiier and a cure package, suitable for use as an air barrier in an innertube or tire innerliner, is disclosed. The halogenated elastomer can be a polymer comprising C4 to C7 isoolefm derived units, para-alkylstyrene derived units, para-(haloalkylstyrene) derived units, and para-(triethylammoniumalkylstyrene) derived units. The Mooney viscosity of the elastomer can be controlled by the degree of triethylamine functionalization. Also disclosed is a method for making an article using the tri ethy iamine-functionalized elastomer.

Abstract: A polyester film is described, including a first polyester and a second polyester. The weight ratio of the first polyester to the second polyester ranges from 1:1 to 1:3. The glass transition temperature of the first polyester is higher than 140° C. and that of the second polyester is lower than 140° C.

Abstract: A resin composition comprising a polylactic acid-based resin (A) and methacrylic resins (B), wherein the methacrylic resins having at least (a) a difference of 10° C. or more in glass transition temperature or (b) a difference of 3% or more in syndiotacticity; it is preferred that at least one of the methacrylic resins (B) is a methacrylic resin having a weight average molecular weight of 50,000 to 450,000, a glass transition temperature of 110° C. or higher and a syndiotacticity of 40% or more, and that the resin composition further contains a multilayer structure polymer formed as particles each consisting of a core layer and one or more shell layers covering it (C). A molded article made of said resin composition.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are compositions comprising a. from 35 to 80 vol % of a thermoplastic polymer; b. from 5 to 45 vol % of a thermally insulative filler with an intrinsic thermal conductivity less than or equal to 10 W/mK; and c. from 5 to 15 vol % of a thermally conductive filler with an intrinsic thermal conductivity greater than or equal to 50 W/mK, wherein the composition is characterized by: i. a thermal conductivity of at least 1.0 W/mK; ii. a thermal conductivity of at least 7 times the total filler volume fraction times the thermal conductivity of the pure thermoplastic polymer; and iii. a volume resistivity of at least 107 Ohm·cm. Also disclosed are articles and methods of use therefor.

Abstract: A method for producing a polymer nanocomposite, includes: after expanding an interlayer space of a layered inorganic compound using an organic onium salt, immobilizing a radical polymerization initiator having a group represented by formula (1) on an interlayer surface of the layered inorganic compound via a covalent bond; and carrying out surface-initiated radical polymerization in a monomer from the immobilized radical polymerization initiator. Preferably, in the radical polymerization initiator having the group represented by the general formula (1), at least one of X1 to X3 in the formula is a chlorine atom, or R1 in the formula is a C1-25 alkylene group or a C2-25 alkenylene group optionally interrupted by an oxygen atom or an ester group and optionally substituted by a phenyl group: R1 represents a C1-25 alkylene group, a C2-25 alkenylene group, a C5-8 cycloalkylene group, or a C6-12 arylene group.

Abstract: Polymer-graphite compositions and related methods of using solid-state shear pulverization as can be used to affect one or more physical properties thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to a rubber mixture, in particular for pneumatic vehicle tires, more particularly for the inner liner of a pneumatic vehicle tire, seat belts, belts and hoses. The rubber mixture is characterized by the following composition: 30 to 100 phr of at least one halobutyl rubber, 0 to 70 phr of at least one other diene rubber, 5 to 100 phr of at least one dry mixture compound containing at least 25% of at least one delaminated aluminohydrosilicate modification, the delaminated aluminohydrosilicate modification having a two-layer grid, 10 to 100 phr of at least one carbon black with an STSA surface as defined according to ASTM-D 6556 of from 10 to 60 m2/g and a DBP number defined according to ASTM-D 2414 of from 50 to 160 mL/100g, 3 to 20 phr of at least one mineral-oil softener, and other additives.

Abstract: A functionalized homopolymer or copolymer of vinyl alcohol of the formula P—(R)n, where: P represents a straight or branched chain polymer backbone that is a homopolymer of vinyl alcohol or a copolymer of vinyl alcohol and at least one other monomer, the homopolymer or copolymer comprising one or more reactive coupling group; R represents an aminosilane-containing and/or an aminosilanol-containing side chain attached to the polymer backbone via the one or more reactive coupling group; and n represents the number of side chains, which are present in an amount from about 1 to about 25 mol % of the polymer backbone; and ink or coating compositions containing the functionalized polymer.

Abstract: A peroxide crosslinked resin composition includes a base polymer (A) including 50 to 90% by mass of a first copolymer component (a1) including one of or a mixture of two or more first ethylene ?-olefin copolymers having a density of 0.864 to 0.890 g/cm3, a melt flow rate (MFR) of 1 to 5 g/10 min, and a melting point of not higher than 90 degrees Celsius, and 10 to 50% by mass of a second copolymer component (a2) including one of or a mixture of two or more second ethylene ?-olefin copolymers having a melt flow rate (MFR) of not smaller than 30 g/10 min, and a melting point of 55 to 80 degrees Celsius, an inorganic filler (B) added in a ratio of from 80 parts to 150 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the base polymer (A), and a peroxide crosslinker (C).

Abstract: The present invention relates to engineering plastics having a high flame retardancy and a good compound processability, where the engineering plastics comprises microsilica as a flame retardant additive and as a processing aid.

Abstract: A biodegradable nanocomposite and a method of forming a biodegradable nanocomposite are provided. In one aspect, the biodegradable nanocomposite includes a biodegradable polymer and a reinforcing agent substantially dispersed throughout the biodegradable polymer by rapid depressurization of a supercritical fluid. The biodegradable nanocomposite further includes a plurality of pores formed in the nanocomposite, the plurality of pores having an average pore size greater than about 100 ?m.

Abstract: A flexible or rigid intumescent material for fire protection applications. The intumescent material includes inorganic fibers, intumescent material, and a char strength enhancer that is different from the intumescent material and binder. The intumescent material exhibits a high expansion ratio and char strength, without substantial shrinkage, in response to elevated temperatures normally encountered during a fire.

Abstract: Heat-sealable polyolefin film made of or comprising at least one layer of a polyolefin composition comprising (percent by weight): A) 20% to 80% of a heterophasic polyolefin composition comprising: AI) 3% to 30% by weight of a crystalline olefin polymer fraction; AII) 70% to 97% by weight of an elastomeric fraction comprising at least an elastomeric copolymer of propylene or ethylene with 12 to 88% by weight of at least one ?-olefin of formula H2C?CHR, where R is H or a C2-C10 linear or branched alkyl, optionally containing 0.5 to 5% by weight of a diene, and having solubility in xylene at room temperature greater than 50% by weight; B) 20% to 80% of at least one filler.

Abstract: A polymer nanocomposite comprises a polymer; and a nanoparticle derivatized to include functional groups including carboxy, epoxy, ether, ketone, amine, hydroxy, alkoxy, alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkaryl, lactone, functionalized polymeric or oligomeric groups, or a combination comprising at least one of the forgoing functional groups. The variability in tensile strength and percent elongation for the polymer nanocomposite is less than the variability of these properties obtained where an underivatized nanoparticle is included in place of the derivatized nanoparticle.

Abstract: A tire having a decorative side wall feature, the decorative side wall feature being based upon a rubber composition, the rubber composition comprising between 15 and 25 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of rubber (phr) of a highly unsaturated diene elastomer, between 60 and 80 phr of a butyl rubber and between 5 and 15 phr of an EPDM elastomer characterized as having an ethylene content of between 65 wt. % and 75 wt. % as measured by ASTM D 3900-95, not including diene, and a Mooney viscosity ML(I+4) at 125° C. of between 60 and 80. The light-colored rubber composition may further include between 5 and 25 phr of a paraffinic processing oil and a non-black filler.

Abstract: Heterophasic polypropylene composition comprising (A) 45 to 70 wt % of a propylene homo- or copolymer matrix with an MFR2 in accordance with ISO 1133 (230° C., 2.16 kg load) of ?80 g/10 min and (B) 25 to 40 wt % of an elastomeric propylene-ethylene copolymer, having an intrinsic viscosity IV (ISO 1628, with decalin as solvent) of ?3.3 dl/g and an ethylene content of 20 to 50 wt %, (C) 0-15 wt % of an elastomeric ethylene/alpha-olefin random copolymer (D) 3-25 parts per weight of inorganic filler, the heterophasic polypropylene compositions having a total MFR2 (230° C./2.16 kg) in accordance with ISO 1133 of ?5 g/10 min, a Charpy notched impact strength according to ISO 179/1eA at +23° C. of ?15.0 kJ/m2, preferably ?25.0 kJ/m2, a minimum value for the Charpy notched impact strength according to ISO 179/1eA at ?20° C. of ?7.0 kJ/m2, preferably ?10.0 kJ/m2 and a tensile modulus according to ISO 527-3 of ?1200 MPa; their preparation and use for producing injection moulded articles being free of flow marks.

Abstract: Mass productivity and production stability of a polyphenylene ether composition are improved without deteriorating physical properties by means of a production process of polyphenylene ether composition comprising pre-melt compounding 20 to 98.5% by mass of a polyphenylene ether powder (I), 1 to 60% by mass of an inorganic filler powder (II) and 0.5 to 20% by mass of a thermoplastic elastomer having functional group (III), followed by melt compounding; wherein melt compounding is conducted using a twin-screw extruder having a total length of barrels of 800 mm or more, and a pre-melt compounding zone occupies 45 to 80 % of upstream of the twin-screw extruder based on the total length 100% of the twin-screw extruder when a drive side and a molten compound discharging side of the twin-screw extruder are regarded as upstream and downstream, respectively.

Abstract: Light-weight hybrid materials with significantly-reduced coefficient of thermal expansion, low density, and high durability in the aggressive environment such as low-earth orbit are disclosed. The high performance polymer materials can include epoxy, cyanoester, bismalmeide, polyimide, vinylester, polyamide, polyacrylate, and others; with their applications as matrix in the carbon fiber-reinforced or glass fiber-reinforced composite. The fillers for the hybrid include one or two or all, of the following components: the layered-silicate, negative-CTE powder, and low-density material.

Abstract: The present invention which is directed to a composition comprising: (a) a poly(arylene ether); (b1) a radial block copolymer of an alkenyl aromatic monomer and a conjugated diene; wherein the radial block copolymer has about 50 to about 70 weight percent of repeating units derived from the alkenyl aromatic monomer and a number average molecular weight of about 50,000 to about 70,000 atomic units; (b2) a linear block copolymer of an alkenyl aromatic monomer and a conjugated diene; wherein the linear block copolymer has about 55 to about 70 weight percent of repeating units derived from the alkenyl aromatic monomer; wherein the ratio of (b1) to (b2) is 0.

Abstract: Disclosed is a polystyrene based polymer/layered compound nanocomposite for injection blow molding or injection stretch blow molding of articles. The nanocomposite can reduce shrinkage and warpage to the preform during the reheating process compared to neat polystyrene. The incorporation of layered compounds can increase the processability of PS preforms, help improve heating efficiency, and improve bottle mechanical properties. The layered compound can be treated with chemicals or compounds having an affinity with the styrene monomer or polystyrene, thus producing a treated layered compound having an affinity with the styrene monomer or polystyrene. The monomer and the layered compound can be combined prior to polymerization. The polymer and layered compound can be combined by solution mixing in a solvent. The layered compound can also be incorporated into the mixture by compounding a polymer product with the layered compound, or the combination of any of the above three approaches.

Abstract: The invention relates to a stable aqueous slurry composition comprising clay or clay-like material, hydrophobically associative polymer, and optionally a surfactant; and a method of inhibiting the deposition of organic contaminants in pulp and papermaking applications.

Abstract: Polydiorganosiloxane polyoxamide, linear, block copolymers and methods of making the copolymers are provided. The method of making the copolymers involves reacting a diamine with a polydiorganosiloxane precursor having oxalylamino groups. The polydioroganosiloxane polyoxamide block copolymers are of the (AB)n type.

Abstract: Antimicrobial compositions and methods are disclosed. The antimicrobial compositions are particularly useful in providing antimicrobial capability to a wide-range of medical devices. In one aspect, the invention relates to a mild solvent coating using acrylate-type mild solution coating. These compositions include rheological modifiers as necessary. The compositions also include antimicrobial agents, which may be selected from a wide array of agents. Representative antimicrobial agents include cetyl pyridium chloride, cetrimide, alexidine, chlorexidine diacetate, benzalkonium chloride, and o-phthalaldehyde. Additionally, the compositions comprise one or more suitable mild solvents, such as a low molecular weight alcohol, alkane, ketone, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to composites comprising inorganic micro pigments and/or fillers in the form of surface-phosphated microparticles, whose surface is at least partially coated with finely divided with alkaline earth carbonate nanoparticles by means of binders based on copolymers comprising as the monomers one or more dicarboxylic acids and one or more monomers from the group of diamines, triamines, dialkanolamines or trialkanolamines and epichlorohydrin, a method for producing such composites, aqueous slurries thereof and the use thereof in papermaking or in the field of production of paints and plastics as well as the use of the binders for the coating of microparticles with nano alkaline earth carbonate.

Abstract: A joint compound with improved crack resistance is formed by combining water, a filler such as calcium carbonate, a latex emulsion binder, a thickening system such as methylhydroxyethyl cellulose, and nanocrystalline cellulose. The nanocrystalline cellulose is provided in an amount effective to reduce the crack formation during drying.

Abstract: A nylon 11 composite has significantly improved flexural modulus while keeping or even increasing the impact strength. This composite system may comprise a nylon 11/filler/modifier. The “ball” portion of badminton shuttlecocks made by this type of composite more closely emulate the flight capabilities of natural feather shuttlecocks than neat nylon 11.

Abstract: The invention relates to a composition comprising (a) from 5 to 99 wt % of a modified polybutylene terephthalate random copolymer that (1) is derived from polyethylene terephthalate component selected from the group consisting of polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene terephthalate copolymers and (2) has at least one residue derived from the polyethylene terephthalate component, and (b) at least 1 wt % of a filler component. In one embodiment, the invention relates to an article molded from the above-mentioned molding composition. In another embodiment, the invention relates to methods for making and methods for using the molding composition.

Abstract: A hydrogel having mechanical properties and capable of being produced simply by using and mixing an industrially obtainable polymer having high versatility and clay particles, and to provide a method of producing the hydrogel. A hydrogel-forming composition is characterized by containing a polyelectrolyte, clay particles, and a dispersant for the clay particles.

Abstract: A method comprising extrusion compounding a styrenic polymer and a layered compound to produce a composite, and orienting the composite to produce an oriented composite wherein the layered compound comprises natural clay, synthetic clay, natural colloid, synthetic colloid, natural sol, synthetic sol, natural gel, synthetic gel, natural fumes, synthetic fumes, or combinations thereof. A method of preparing an oriented film comprising extrusion compounding a styrenic polymer and a clay to produce a nanocomposite, casting the nanocomposite into a film, and orienting the film in at least one direction.

Abstract: A hydrogel having excellent mechanical properties and capable of being produced simply by using and mixing an industrially easily obtainable polymer having high versatility and clay particles, and to provide a method of producing the hydrogel. A hydrogel-forming composition is characterized by containing a polyelectrolyte, clay particles, and a dispersant for the clay particles.

Abstract: A composition includes specific amounts of a poly(phenylene ether)-polysiloxane block copolymer reaction product and an impact modifier. The poly(phenylene ether)-polysiloxane block copolymer reaction product includes a poly(phenylene ether) and a poly(phenylene ether)-polysiloxane block copolymer. The composition exhibits a desirable balance of impact strength, heat resistance, and flame retardancy while minimizing or excluding flame retardant additives such as organophosphate esters and halogenated flame retardants.

Abstract: An organic/inorganic hybrid material is provided, including an organic polymer, and a plurality of inorganic nano-platelets, wherein the inorganic nano-platelets are self-connected or connected via a linker to constitute an inorganic platelet network. By the formation of the inorganic network structure, the hybrid materials can keep their transparency and flexibility at a high inorganic content, and exhibit greatly reduced coefficients of thermal expansion A method for fabricating the organic/inorganic hybrid material is also provided.