Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of different-sized polymeric microparticles in hydraulically setting building material mixtures for the purpose of enhancing their frost resistance and cyclical freeze/thaw durability.

Abstract: An ultra high-strength hydraulic cement composition contains a binder, fine aggregates, coarse aggregates, an antifoaming agent, water and a specified admixture and has a unit amount of the binder in the range of 480-1800 kg/m3. Water and the binder are contained at a ratio of 10-25% and the admixture is contained in the amount of 0.2-3.5 weight parts per 100 weight parts of the binder. The binder may be cement or a mixture of cement and a microscopic powder admixture. The admixture is one or more selected from reaction mixtures obtained by specified two processes and partially or completely neutralized substances obtained from such a reaction mixture through these two processes and also a specified third process.

Abstract: A composition which is applied to substrate surfaces to form a membrane to provide structural reinforcement thereto and prevent the release of gases and moisture from the substrate. The composition consists of polymer resin binders and gypsum. Further provided is a method for dividing the composition into two separate components in order to preclude premature setting up of the composition ingredients until applied to the substrate. The present invention is particularly useful for creating membranes on the exposed surfaces of newly excavated rocks in subterranean mine systems. The composition may also be used in the construction industry as coatings for sandwich panels, molding, duct-work, piping and cladding systems. It also is useful in traffic paint applications and other transportation industry safety coatings. In addition, the invention may be used in the manufacture of fiber reinforced composite structures and composite construction components.

Abstract: The cement admixture of the present invention can improve the workability by displaying sufficient viscosity decreasing ability and initial dispersing ability even under a low temperature environment as well as high dispersing ability and dispersion retaining ability even in a high water reducing ratio range. The above-mentioned cement admixture comprises four components of a copolymer (A) containing a constituent unit (I) derived from the unsaturated (poly)alkylene glycol ether monomer (a) and a constituent unit (II) derived from a maleic acid monomer (b), a specific unsaturated (poly)alkylene glycol ether monomer (a), a non-polymerizable (poly)alkylene glycol (B) having no alkenyl group, and a polymer (C) having an oxyalkylene group or a polyoxyalkylene group and a carboxyl group, which is different from the copolymer (A).

Abstract: Disclosed are the following: a cement dispersant which is excellent in initial dispersibility and further in flow retainability of cement, because of using a polymer having a proper molecular weight distribution; a process for producing this cement dispersant; and a cement composition using this cement dispersant. The cement dispersant comprises a water-soluble polymer (P) as a main component, and is characterized by displaying an area proportion (a value (A?B) given by subtracting an area ratio B of a lower molecular weight side portion from an area ratio A of a higher molecular weight side portion) in the range of 13 to 60%.

Abstract: A two-pack cementitious composition consisting of iii) an alkaline component comprising gypsum, an alkaline polymer, water and a hydration inhibitor, which is stable in a fluid state and which can be set and hardened upon the addition of an hydration activator, and iv) an acidic component comprising an acid soluble hydration activator, is suitable for forming a self-levelling floor composition. The self-levelling floor composition may be used in a method of levelling a floor.

Abstract: The present invention is a fly ash filler or filler blend having a particle size distribution with at least three modes that can be combined with a polymer or bitumen at higher filler loadings to produce a filled polymer or bitumen for composites that, in many cases, can produce improved mechanical properties for the composites over composites using conventional fillers. As a result, superior composites (e.g. those used in carpet backing) can be produced at a lower cost than conventional composites. The present invention also includes a method for producing a composite, comprising the steps of combining a polymer or bitumen with a fly ash filler or a filler blend having a particle size distribution with at least three modes to produce a filled polymer or bitumen and producing a composite with the resulting filled polymer or bitumen. The present invention further includes a method of determining what fly ashes can be used as fillers for composites.

Abstract: A comb-branched polymer is disclosed. The polymer comprises recurring units of an unsaturated carboxylic monomer, an oxypropylene-rich poly(oxyethylene-oxypropylene) macromonomer and an oxyethylene-rich poly(oxyethylene-oxypropylene) macromonomer. The comb-branched polymer can be used as a water reducing agent in cement. It gives significantly lower air entrainment in cement admixture.

Abstract: A coating system for in-situ coating of a surface formed by a plurality of plasterboard sections comprises a dry powder composition which is dispersible in an aqueous applicator medium and provides a very high quality surface finish to which gloss or matt paint may be applied directly without joint photographing or show-through of fasteners. The coating composition may be applied by a spray coating technique or a roller technique. The dry powder composition comprises calcium carbonate and, by weight, relative to calcium carbonate, from 4% to 11% of a polymeric binder, from 0.60% to 1.5% of a thickening agent and from 0.10% to 0.35% of a surfactant.

Abstract: A nonionic water-soluble cellulose ether is characterized in that when 3 pbw of the nonionic water-soluble cellulose ether is added to a mixture of 90 pbw of cordierite, 10 pbw of ordinary Portland cement, and 33 pbw of water, immediately followed by kneading at 20° C. and 20 rpm, a maximum torque for kneading is reached within 180 seconds from the addition. It is suitable as an admixture for extrudable hydraulic compositions. The hydraulic composition to which the inventive admixture is added can be kneaded within a brief time into a uniform mass which is smoothly extrudable.

Abstract: A composition including two components is provided. When the two components are admixed in the method of the invention a polymer-modified gypsum composition is provided. The admixture exhibits a useful balance of setting time and stability.

Abstract: A method for providing a polymer-modified fiber-cement composite by forming an aqueous composition including admixing an emulsion polymer having a glass transition temperature (Tg) of from ?25° C. to 150° C., cement, cellulosic fibers, siliceous material, and water; forming a composite precursor by removal of at least some of the water; and curing/drying the composite precursor at a temperature at least 10° C. higher than the Tg of the polymer is provided. In an alternative embodiment the emulsion polymer is applied to the composite precursor. Polymer-modified fiber-cement composites formed by the method of the invention are also provided.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a cement admixture capable of exhibiting high cement dispersing ability at low addition levels, in particular capable of displaying excellent initial dispersing ability and dispersion retaining ability even in a high water reducing ratio range, and a cement composition in which this admixture is used.

Abstract: A method and composition for polymer-reinforced composite cementitious construction materials is described. In one embodiment, a crosslinking component is mixed with a high molecular weight strengthening component and an inorganic cementitious material. The addition of the mixture to water causes a crosslinked molecular network to form within the hydrated, composite cementitious construction material. Both enhanced flexural strength and improved nail-pull resistance are shown, allowing a reduction in weight of the composite cementitious construction material compared to cementitious construction materials made according to other known methods.

Abstract: The present invention provides a cement composition and a process for using the cement composition to inhibit gas migration from a subterranean zone into the cement. The process comprises displacing a gelling additive, preferably comprised within a cement composition, into a well bore such that the gelling additive passes into the subterranean zone, and allowing the gelling additive to form a crosslinked gel in the subterranean zone to inhibit gas migration from the subterranean zone. The crosslinked gel acts as a barrier to gas in the subterranean zone and thereby inhibits the gas from passing into the cement and forming flow channels therein before the cement can set.

Abstract: A composition is disclosed for a mixture to be used in conjunction with water for preparing a slurry that hydrates to form a high strength flooring compound. The mixture includes from about 50% to about 98% by weight calcium sulfate hemihydrate, having at least 25% of the calcium sulfate hemihydrate in the beta-calcined form. A polycarboxylate dispersant is included in the mixture in amounts from about 0.2% to about 10% by weight. The mixture also includes 0.05–50% by weight enhancing component. When combined with recommended amounts of water, a slurry is formed that is useful as a flooring composition.

Abstract: A wall repair compound useful for filling and repairing cracks, holes, and other imperfections in a wall surface includes a conventional filler material, a conventional binder material, and a dust reducing additive which reduces the quantity of airborne dust particles generated when sanding the hardened joint compound. Airborne dust reducing additives include oils, surfactants, solvents, waxes, and other petroleum derivatives. The additive can be added to conventional ready-mixed joint compounds and to setting type joint compounds. A method of reducing the quantity of airborne dust generated when sanding a fully hardened joint compound includes mixing a sufficient quantity of the dust reducing additive with the joint compound prior to when the joint compound has been applied to the wall.

Abstract: The present invention provides a powdery dispersant for hydraulic compositions, which is excellent in pumping before drying and in pressure resistance and humidity resistance, which comprises one or more copolymers obtained by polymerizing a specific vinyl monomer (1) such as an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid derivative having a polyoxyalkylene group with a specific vinyl monomer (b) such as (meth)acrylic acid etc., wherein the average number of C2-4 oxyalkylene groups or oxystyrene groups added is 45 to 150, (a)/[(a)+(b)]×100 ranges from 15 to 45 (mol-%), and at least a part of the copolymers are monovalent or polyvalent metal salts.

Abstract: The present invention provides a powdery dispersant for hydraulic compositions, which is excellent in pumping before drying and in pressure resistance and humidity resistance, which comprises one or more copolymers obtained by polymerizing a specific vinyl monomer (1) such as an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid derivative having a polyoxyalkylene group with a specific vinyl monomer (b) such as (meth)acrylic acid etc., wherein the average number of C2-4 oxyalkylene groups or oxystyrene groups added is 45 to 150, (a)/[(a)+(b)]×100 ranges from 15 to 45 (mol-%), and at least a part of the copolymers are monovalent or polyvalent metal salts.

Abstract: The mechanical property known as “strength at young ages” of cement matrices or hydraulic binders may be significantly improved by adding dispersions of mineral fillers and dispersing agents. The dispersing agents of the present invention comprise copolymers prepared by the radical copolymerization of at least one alkoxy-, aryloxy-, alkylaryloxy- or arylalkyloxy-polyalkylene glycol ethylenic urethane monomer with at least one anionic monomer and at least one non-ionic monomer, and optionally, an alkoxy-, aryloxy-, alkylaryloxy- or arylalkyloxy-polyalkylene glycol acrylate or methacrylate or an alkyloxy-, aryloxy-, alkylaryloxy- or arylalkyloxy-polyalkylene glycol allyl ether, and/or a crosslinking agent.

Abstract: Described are polymers and cement admixtures which reduce drop in fluidity with time. Said admixture comprises at least one polymer of the present invention and at least one polymer A. The polymer of the present invention comprises side chains of which at least 10 weight-% can be cleaved in alkaline medium. The polymer of the present invention is an acrylic polymer which comprises side chains connected to the backbone by ester linkages. These side chains may be alkyl, hydroxy alkyl, cycloalkyl or polyoxyalkylene groups. Polymer A is a cement dispersing agent. The combination of polymer A with the polymer of the present invention in a weight ratio of 0.1:10–10:1, and preferably 1:10–10:1 reduces the drop in fluidity with time of cementitious compositions.

Abstract: Resilient cement compositions and methods of cementing using the compositions are disclosed. A resilient cement composition of the invention comprises hydraulic cement, an aqueous rubber latex and a rubber latex stabilizing surfactant comprising an iso-dodecyl alcohol ether sulfonate ethoxylated with from about 10 to about 20 moles of ethylene oxide.

Abstract: An aqueous adhesive system consisting of two separate components, A and B. Component A is an aqueous dispersion of polymer containing at least one olefinically unsaturated double bond and Component B consists of a dispersion of a drying agent in an oil phase liquid. The adhesive produced by this system is useful for bonding material made of wood, cork, metal, plastic, stone and concrete.

Abstract: Cements or hydraulic binders may be prepared by adding an aqueous suspension comprising a ground mineral filler and at least one grinding aid agent to a cement or hydraulic binder. The resulting cement or hydraulic binder has very appreciably improved mechanical properties, particularly the property of “strength at young ages.” The grinding aid agent may be a natural or synthetic homopolymer and/or copolymer.

Abstract: Disclosed are the following: a cement dispersant which is excellent in initial dispersibility and further in flow retainability of cement, because of using a polymer having a proper molecular weight distribution; a process for producing this cement dispersant; and a cement composition using this cement dispersant. The cement dispersant comprises a water-soluble polymer (P) as a main component, and is characterized by displaying an area proportion (a value (A?B) given by subtracting an area ratio B of a lower molecular weight side portion from an area ratio A of a higher molecular weight side portion) in the range of 13 to 60%.

Abstract: Anionic polymers obtainable by: (a) esterifying maleic acid or its anhydride with alkyl polyalkylene glycols; (b) copolymerizing the esters obtained with (meth)acrylic acid; and (c) converting the polymers obtained into the salt form by addition of alkali metal bases; are disclosed.

Abstract: A cement system for use in freeform fabrication includes a binder composition, which comprises an organic acid and/or an inorganic acid including a phosphate ion, a polyacid, and a primarily aqueous solvent.

Abstract: The admixtures for a cementitious composition of the invention, which have the above-mentioned constitutions, can suitably be used in cement pastes, mortar, concrete and like cement compositions and can stabilize the amount of air entrained with the lapse of time and thus facilitate the quality control of cement compositions and, further, can improve the workability of cement compositions owing to their excellent dispersing capacities. The cement compositions of the invention which comprise such admixture for a cementitious composition are excellent in water-reducing ability and workability and can give hardened products excellent in strength and durability and, further, can stably maintain the amount of air entrained without allowing increases in the amount of air even when the time of kneading is prolonged in the production.

Abstract: A composition that is a reaction product of two or three moieties. The first moiety (A) is a nonpolymeric, multi-functional moiety or combination of mono- or multifunctional moieties that adsorbs onto a cementitious particle. The second required moiety (C) is a linear or branched water soluble, nonionic polymer that is capable of providing dispersing capability. A third moiety (B), if present, is a nonpolymeric moiety disposed between the first and second moiety, to connect the first and second moieties.

Abstract: Blended cement compositions for mixture with aggregate and water to prepare cementitious products. Such blended cement compositions contain cement, calcined diatomaceous earth, calcined kaolin, fiberous material and reactive vinyl acetate co-polymers, with or without talc and/or bentonite or their functional equivalents. Admixtures for blending into cement to create such blended cements or their read-mix equivalents contain calcined kaolin, calcined diatomaceous earth, fiberous material and reactive vinyl acetate co-polymers, with or without talc and/or bentonite or their functional equivalents.

Abstract: An aqueous emulsion for imparting water repellency characteristics to gypsum products comprising: a) a hydrocarbon wax: b) a polyolefin-maleic anhydride graft polymer; and c) a polyvinyl alcohol composition comprising partially and/or fully hydrolyzed polyvinyl acetate. The emulsion may also contain other known ancillary components such as emulsifiers and stabilizers.

Abstract: A water-redispersible polymer powder based on protective colloid stabilized vinyl ester polymers for use in building adhesive compositions is provided. The vinyl ester polymers contain from 0.2 to 1.5% by weight, based on the overall weight of the vinyl ester polymers, or auxiliary monomer units derived from monomers having a higher water solubility than vinyl acetate.

Abstract: A flexible setting type hydraulic joint compound and a method of forming flexible joints. The flexible joint compound of this invention primarily contains 2 to 20 parts by weight of an emulsion polymer having a Tg that is less than about ?40° C., and 22 to 44 parts by weight of total water, based on 100 parts by weight calcium sulfate hemihydrate filler. It can be applied to joints between two adjacent sheets of gypsum board to form a flexible joint that is resistant to cracking.

Abstract: Amine solubilizing agents are mixed with water insoluble defoamers and optionally a dispersant for cementitious compositions to provide an admixture for cementitious compositions that is stable over time. A cementitious composition is provided that includes cementitious material, water, a water insoluble defoamer, optionally a dispersant for cementitious compositions, and an amine solubilizing agent that solubilizes the water insoluble defoamer. A method is provided for making a cementitious composition that includes mixing cementitious material, water, a water insoluble defoamer, an amine solubilizing agent that solubilizes the water insoluble defoamer, and optionally a dispersant for cementitious compositions.

Abstract: A settable composition which can be applied by spraying to form a coating on a surface such as the walls of a mine comprises (i) a cementitious composition comprising the following components: (a) from 25 to 95% of calcium aluminate, (b) from 0 to 10% of lien and (c) from 0 to 50% of calcium sulphate, and where the sum of (b) and (c) is at least 5% the % being by weight based on the combined weight of (a), (b) and (c) and where the proportions of the components are such that the composition on hydration is capable of absorbing at least its own weight of water and (ii) an aqueous emulsion of an organic polymer, the amount of (ii) in relation to (i) being such as to provide a weight ratio of polymer, expressed as solids, to combined weight of (a), (b) and (c) of from 0.5:1 to 10:1, preferably 1:1 to 2.5:1 or (iii) a dispersible organic polymer and where the amount of dispersible polymer is such as to give a weight ratio of polymer to combined weight of (a), (b) and (c) o from 0.5:1 to 10:1, preferably 1:1 to 2.

Abstract: A gypsum composition suitable for use in the manufacture of gypsum products is provided. The gypsum composition includes gypsum, water, and a solid dispersant comprising a supported acrylic/polyether comb-branched copolymer. A method of making a gypsum composition is also provided. The method includes mixing together, in any combination, gypsum, water, and a solid dispersant comprising a supported acrylic/polyether comb-branched copolymer.

Abstract: A dispersant for use with concrete or cement, and a concrete or cement admixture that comprises a cementitious material, water, and the dispersant. The dispersant includes a polymeric derivative of carboxylic acid, and has a sulfur-containing moiety that is covalently bonded thereto. Adding the dispersant to the cementitious material and water improves the rheological properties of the admixture.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for manufacturing a construction material by mixing a cementitious material, rubber bits and water. It also extends to a construction material comprising cured cementitious material and rubber bits in which the rubber bits are bonded together in a porous and permeable matrix by the cementitious material. An elastic binding material improves the physical properties of the construction material. The construction material can be cast in place or formed into blocks for transport to a construction site.

Abstract: A dry cast article and method for making the same, wherein the dry cast article includes an oligomeric dispersant that is a reaction product of two or three moieties is provided. To make a dry cast article, hydraulic cement, water, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, optionally a surface active agent/air entraining agent, and an oligomeric dispersant are mixed and used to form a dry cast article from the mixture.

Abstract: An exemplary admixture system for cementitious compositions, comprises a polycarboxylic acid type water reducer and a tertiary amine defoamer having an average molecular weight of 100-1500 and more preferably 200-750. The defoamer permits a stable admixture formulation and helps to achieve a controllable level of entrained air in a concrete mix. Cementitious compositions and methods for modifying the same, using the tertiary amine defoamers, are also described herein.

Abstract: A high early-strength cementitious composition comprising a hydraulic cement; and a combination admixture system wherein the combination admixture system comprises a polycarboxylate high range water reducing dispersant in combination with an accelerator and a retarder. The admixture allows for acceptable workability and development of high early-strength in cementitious compositions without the use of an external heat source.

Abstract: Polymers for cement dispersing admixtures, which show different performing properties in concrete are described. All polymers are based on a composition of reactants, namely a) a poly(acrylic acid), b) a polyalkyleneglycol-monoalkylether and, optionally c) a ?-amino-polyalkylene-glycol-?-alkylether and/or d) a primary or secondary amine. By keeping the composition of reactants constant and varying only the reaction time, polymers with different properties can easily be achieved. Such polymers are suitable for pre-cast, readymix or for increasing workability over time, just depending on reaction time. Polymers of the invention can be used as single polymer or in polymer blends. For this, the kinetics of the used polymer analogous condensation reaction was intensively studied. Additionally, the benefit of amines as reactant regarding stability and hydrolysis velocity of cleavable side groups was investigated.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for cementing subterranean zones penetrated by well bores are provided. The methods are basically comprised of the steps of providing a cement composition which comprises a hydraulic cement, sufficient water to form a slurry and a dispersing agent comprising a tetrapolymer formed of methacrylic acid, methacrylate, methallyl sulfonic acid and ethoxylated acrylic acid. The cement composition is placed in the subterranean zone to be cemented and allowed to set into an impermeable solid mass therein.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of protective colloid-stabilized, emulsifier-free, aqueous dispersions based on at least two monomers selected from vinylaromatics, 1,3-dienes and/or (meth)acrylates, in the presence of assistants and, if required, further comonomers in an amount of from 0.1% by weight to 20% by weight, based on the total amount of monomers, wherein at least 10% by weight of the total amount of water are added to the reaction vessel only after the monomers have been added to the reaction vessel and the conversion is at least 40%, based on 100% of the monomers.

Abstract: A dispersant for use with concrete or cement, and a concrete or cement admixture that comprises a cementitious material, water, and the dispersant. The dispersant includes a polymeric derivative of carboxylic acid, and has a sulfur-containing moiety that is covalently bonded thereto. Adding the dispersant to the cementitious material and water improves the rheological properties of the admixture.

Abstract: A process for preparing an aqueous dispersion of particles composed of addition polymer and finely divided inorganic solid (composite particles), in which process a mixture of ethylenically unsaturated monomers is dispersely distributed in aqueous medium and is polymerized by the method of free-radical aqueous emulsion polymerization by means of at least one free-radical polymerization initiator in the presence of at least one dispersely distributed, finely divided inorganic solid and at least one dispersant.

Abstract: An additive for use in aqueous cement slurries which adapted such that, when added to an aqueous cement slurry, it migrates to an interface between the slurry and an adjacent solid material or fluid composition during a setting phase of the cement because of the passing of the upper limit of solubility in the water of the additive.

Abstract: The present invention provides a powdery dispersant for hydraulic compositions, which is excellent in pumping before drying and in pressure resistance and humidity resistance, which comprises one or more copolymers obtained by polymerizing a specific vinyl monomer (1) such as an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid derivative having a polyoxyalkylene group with a specific vinyl monomer (b) such as (meth)acrylic acid etc., wherein the average number of C2-4 oxyalkylene groups or oxystyrene groups added is 45 to 150, (a)/[(a)+(b)]×100 ranges from 15 to 45 (mol-%), and at least a part of the copolymers are monovalent or polyvalent metal salts.

Abstract: A continuous process for making a comb-branched copolymer of an acrylic monomer and a polyether macromonomer is disclosed. The process is performed by continuously feeding a reaction zone with a monomer stream that contains an acrylic acid and a polyether macromonomer, and an initiator stream. The comb-branched copolymer made thereby performs better as water reducing agent in cement compared to that made by a batch process.

Abstract: An admixture formulation of at least one polycarboxylate dispersant and at least one naphthalene dispersant is provided. When the polycarboxylate dispersant and the naphthalene dispersant of the admixture formulation are combined at various ratios the admixture formulation reduces the tendency for bleed and segregation in cementitious mixtures without increasing water demand, retarding setting, increasing water sensitivity, promoting high viscosity, or reducing flow retention.