Abstract: The present invention is directed to a stable dispersion of a polyurea and/or a polyhydrazodicarbonamide in a relatively high molecular weight hydroxyl-group containing material, which dispersion has a solids content of from 5 to 50 percent by weight and which is obtained by reacting(a) an organic di- and/or polyisocyanate with(b) an amine-functional material comprising an addition product of(1) acrylonitrile and(2) a member selected from the group consisting of(i) hydrazine,(ii) aliphatic di- or polyamines containing at least two primary amino groups,(iii) cycloaliphatic di- or polyamines containing at least two primary amino groups,(iv) araliphatic di- or polyamines containing at least two primary amino groups, and(v) mixtures thereof,the ratio of (1) to (2) being at least one mol of (1) per mol of (2) and at most one mol of (1) for each nitrogen atom contained in (2) per mol of (2),the reaction of component (a) and component (b) being conducted at a temperature of from 30.degree. to 170.degree. C.

Abstract: A method of treating a surface to render the surface resistant to undesired adsorption from an aqueous environment, involving treating the surface with a solution containing a polymer mixture comprising (1) a polymer containing (a) reactive groups (A) capable of bonding with the surface to be treated and (b) hydrophobic groups (B); and (2) a polymer comprising (c) at least one hydrophilic polymeric chain (c) and (d) at least one hydrophobic group (D) in the presence of water. Compositions containing the polymer mixture may be used as mouthwashes to prevent or reduce tooth decay and prevent plaque formation. They may also be applied to various surfaces where prevention and/or reduction of colonization by microorganisms on the surfaces is desired.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for preparing a random copolymer which consists essentially of a copolymer of (i) acrylic acid or methacrylic acid (together "(meth)acrylic"), (ii) acrylamide or methacrylamide (together "(meth)acrylamide"), and (iii) an alkoxyalkyl (meth)acrylate ester ("AAE") present in specified relative proportions. The copolymer is made in alcohol or a mixture of alcohol and water in the presence of an effective amount of initiator, without making a homopolymer or copolymer which is insoluble in water. The random copolymer need not be, and is not separated from the polymerization reaction mixture which is soluble in water, and is surprisingly effective in the treatment of industrial process water used in recirculating water systems, particularly with respect to inhibiting the deposition of calcium phosphate on surfaces of equipment used in such systems.

Abstract: Finely divided water insoluble solid particles free of ionic charges and ranging in size from about 0.01 to several hundred microns or higher, including but not limited to paint pigment particles, are given a generally uniform polymeric encapsulation by admixing such particles in an aqueous reaction medium with a water insoluble monomer polymerizable to form a generally water insoluble polymer free of ionic charges in the presence of a nonionic surface active stabilizing agent, preferably a polyethoxylated alkyl phenol containing at least about eight carbon atoms in the alkyl group thereof and preferably at least about 40-50 ethylene oxide groups per molecule, and polymerization of the monomer is then initiated, usually with heating, with a redox polymerization initiating system which is free of ionic groups and does not decompose to release ionic groups in the reaction medium.

Abstract: A two-stage system can provide a water-soluble releasing interface which permits a plurality of cycles of the mold between applications with such reaction-injection molding materials as reinforced urethane. The two-coat release system provides on the mold surface a base coat, including a polymer release agent with groups capable of bonding to the mold surface (e.g., a carboxy-terminated silicone) and a bonding or cross-linking agent (e.g., tetraisopropyltitanate), which reacts with and cross links the polymer and provides bonding with the mold surface and for soap-like materials, and a top coat, which is a water-soluble soap-like material (e.g., a water-soluble metallic salt of long-chain fatty acid). Such a system can be particularly adapted for use with urethane RIM materials.

Abstract: An improvement is disclosed in a process for conducting PTFE dispersion polymerization, comprising use of tertiary perfluoroalkoxy compounds as surfactants.

Abstract: Aqueous compositions suitable for forming on a substrate a temporary protective coating, which can subsequently be removed by treatment with an aqueous alkaline solution, comprise a sterically stabilized dispersion in an aqueous medium of particles of size range 0.1-10 .mu.m of a polymer derived from monomers including at least one acrylic monomer and from 5% to 40%, based on the total weight of monomers, of an ethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acid, or an equivalent proportion of an unsaturated polycarboxylic acid.

Abstract: Ultraviolet radiation resistant silicone resin coating compositions are provided having improved thermoformability. Improved thermoformability and shortened required aging are achieved by the addition of a Lewis acid compound to the coating compositions is disclosed. Thermoformability is also improved by using the UV screen containing silicone resin coating composition in conjunction with extensible acrylate primers.

Abstract: An improvement is disclosed in a process for conducting PTFE dispersion polymerization, comprising use of tertiary perfluorinated compounds as rate enhancing additives.

Abstract: Vinylpyrrolidone and vinyl acetate monomers are polymerized using free radical initiator consisting of t-Butylperoxypivalate and preferably in solvent consisting essentially of water, isopropyl alcohol, sec. butyl alcohol or mixtures thereof to produce vinyl pyrrolidone/vinyl acetate copolymer.

Abstract: Vinylpyrrolidone is polymerized using free radical initiator consisting essentially of t-Butylperoxypivalate and preferably in solvent consisting essentially of water, isopropyl alcohol, sec. butyl alcohol or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A dispersion of water soluble or water swellable polymer in water immiscible liquid is made by reverse phase polymerization utilizing a dispersing system comprising a polymerization stabilizer and the resulting dispersion, optionally after dehydration, may be distributed into water utilizing a distributing system. The dispersing system or the distributing system, or both, includes at least one non-ionic compound selected from C.sub.6-12 alkanols, C.sub.4-12 alkylene glycol monoethers and their C.sub.1-4 alkanoates, C.sub.6-12 polyalkylene glycol monoethers and their C.sub.1-4 alkanoates and benzyl alcohol. Novel dispersions are made by reverse phase polymerization and, in particular, include a non-ionic compound selected from C.sub.4-12 alkylene glycol monoethers, their C.sub.1-4 alkanoates and C.sub.6-12 polyalkylene glycol monoethers and their C.sub.1-4 alkanoates. When the polymer is water soluble a solution of it in water can be made by distributing the dispersion into water.

Abstract: Ultraviolet radiation resistant silicone resin coating compositions are provided having improved thermoformability. Improved thermoformability and shortened required aging are achieved by the addition of a Lewis acid compound to the coating compositions is disclosed. Thermoformability is also improved by using the UV screen containing silicone resin coating composition in conjunction with extensible acrylate primers.

Abstract: Silicone resin coating compositions, which when applied to a solid substrate provide an abrasion resistant coating thereto, are disclosed herein. The coating compositions have a basic pH in the range of from 7.1-7.8 and are prepared by hydrolyzing an alkyltrialkoxysilane or aryltrialkoxysilane in an aqueous colloidal silica dispersion.

Abstract: An improved process for substantially increasing the shelf-life of aqueous solutions of melamine-formaldehyde resins wherein the molar ratio of melamine to formaldehyde is from 1:1.7 to 1:3.5 by the addition of a stabilizing amount of urea after condensation, which process includes the steps of adjusting pH of the resin solution before and after the dissolution of the urea within certain narrow but easily controllable pH ranges. The properties of the resin solution can be further improved and the stabilizing effect of the addition of urea increased by adding a monohydric C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkanol during condensation of the resin.

Abstract: A water-soluble pressure-sensitive adhesive composition is described containing a polymerization product obtained by the solution polymerization of a water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer in the presence of an alcoholic plasticizer having a molecular weight of less than about 3,000 and which is a liquid at room temperature, selected from the group consisting of polyether polyols and polyhydric alcohols, wherein the polymerization product contains as a polymer component at least an addition copolymer of the water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer and the alcoholic plasticizer.

Abstract: A process is provided for making a liquid composition of a perfluorinated polymer having sulfonic acid or sulfonate groups in a liquid medium by contacting the polymer with a mixture of 25 to 100% by weight of water and 0 to 75% by weight of a second liquid component such as a lower alcohol, e.g., propanol or methanol, at a temperature of at least 180.degree. C. (at least 240.degree. C. when about 90% to 100% water is used), in a closed system. The liquid composition made by this process, or modified liquid products prepared therefrom, are used in coating various substrates, in casting films, and in repairing perfluorinated ion exchange films and membranes. The process is also useful in recovering perfluorinated polymer having sulfonic acid or sulfonate groups from scrap and used articles made of such polymer or containing such polymer as a component part thereof.

Abstract: Alkoxylation products in form of solutions in organic solvents or, preferably, in form of aqueous emulsions, stable against hydrolytic influences are used in a process for finishing textile materials to impart to these an excellent soft, superficially smooth fell connected with the improvement of tearing strength, abrasion resistance and sewability.The alkoxylation products are obtained by alkoxylation of hydrogen organopolysiloxanes, in particular of methyl hydrogen polysiloxanes with monovalent saturated and/or unsaturated alcohols having 4 to 22 C atoms.

Abstract: Copolymerization in aqueous emulsion of ethylene with one or two comonomers having different water solubilities is more efficient when at least two but no more than three comonomer solubility-affecting additives are present in the copolymerization medium, at least one of which increases the solubility in water of one of the comonomers, while at least another one decreases the solubility in water of another comonomer. In this manner, the diffusion rates of comonomers to the copolymerization locus are well controlled; the rate of polymerization often is increased; the concentrations of the comonomers at the copolymerization locus remain constant; and the copolymer composition remains constant. This process improvement can be applied to the copolymerization of many comonomer combinations of great commercial interest, including, for example ethylene/tetrafluoroethylene and ethylene/ethyl acrylate copolymerizations.

Abstract: A water soluble, vinyl addition polymer of acrylamide comprising a hydrophobic terminal group is useful as an adsorbate and as a flow modifier in aqueous systems. The polymer is particularly useful as a thickening agent or rheology modifier for water based multiphase systems, a block improvement additive in water based coatings formulations, a stabilizer for aqueous emulsions (including polymer emulsions), a transfer aid in water based ink or roll coater formulations, a surfactant and a dispersant. The disclosure also comprises a solution polymerization method of preparing the polymer.

Abstract: A dilute solution of an acrylamide polymer having a molecular weight greater than 1,000,000 which is stable against viscosity loss reduction due to aging which comprises a major portion of water, from 0.01-3% by weight of an acrylamide polymer, and from 0.1-5% by weight of a water-soluble monohydric alcohol which contains from 1-3 carbon atoms.

Abstract: The cure time of polyurethane prepolymer curable with water to form polyurethane hydrogel is prolonged by the addition to the water of certain micelle-forming adducts which substantially extend the cure time.

Abstract: A silicone hardcoat composition for plastic substrates is provided in the form of an aqueous cohydrolyzate of chemically combined siloxy units, organosiloxy units and siloxy units having from 1-3 chemically combined UV stabilizing organic groups attached to silicon by carbon-silicon bonds. Thermoplastic substrates treated with such silicone hardcoat compositions are also provided.

Abstract: A silicone hardcoat composition for plastic substrates is provided in the form of an aqueous cohydrolyzate of chemically combined siloxy units, organosiloxy units and siloxy units having from 1-3 chemically combined UV stabilizing organic groups attached to silicon by carbon-silicon bonds. Thermoplastic substrates treated with such silicone hardcoat compositions are also provided.

Abstract: Silicone resin coating compositions, having a basic pH in the range of from 7.1 to 7.8 are provided. These coating compositions are prepared by hydrolyzing an alkyltrialkoxysilane or aryltrialkoxysilane in an aqueous colloidal silica dispersion and adding to the resultant hydrolysis product a linear functionally terminated oligomeric siloxane. When applied to a solid substrate, these silicone resin compositions provide an abrasion resistant coating having improved resistance to cracking.

Abstract: What is disclosed are hard, abrasion resistant, tintable/dyeable coating compositions which are based on siloxane/silica hybrid coating resins. These materials are especially useful on transparent plastic substrates.

Abstract: A process for preparing a solution of a copolymer of a vinylpyridine and an ethylenically-unsaturated copolymerizable vinylbenzyl quaternary salt is disclosed. The process comprises polymerizing, in the presence of a polymerization medium comprising water and a lower alcohol, a vinylpyridine and a copolymerizable vinylbenzyl quaternary ammonium salt having the formula ##STR1## wherein each of R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 is independently alkyl; substituted alkyl; cycloalkyl; aryl; aralkyl; alkaryl, or at least two of R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 together with the quaternary nitrogen atom to which they are bonded complete a saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring. The process provides the desired copolymer in the form of a clear solution useful in the formation of polymeric coatings or layers utilized as image-receiving layers in photographic products and processes.

Abstract: An improved process for the preparation of aqueous, colloidal dispersions of copolymers comprising at most 60 mole % of units of tetrafluoroethylene, 60 to 40 mole % of units of ethylene and 0 to 15 mole % of units of at least one other .alpha.-olefinic monomer, which can be copolymerized with tetrafluoroethylene and ethylene, in the presence of manganese compounds as the catalyst is described. In this process, the emulsion polymerization is carried out in an aqueous phase in the presence (a) of a chain transfer agent of the formula X--CH.sub.2 --COOR (X=Cl, Br, COOH, COOR, COCH.sub.3, CH.sub.3, C.sub.2 H.sub.5 or C.sub.3 H.sub.7 ; and R=C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl), and (b) of a compound which stabilizes the dispersion and has the formula ##STR1## (Y=COONH.sub.4, COOH, CH.sub.3, CH.sub.2 OH, CH.sub.2 COOH or CH.sub.2 COONH.sub.4). (b) can additionally contain an ammonium salt of an inorganic non-metal acid, for example ammonium chloride or fluoride.

Abstract: An aqueous resinous dispersion and a method of coating employing the aqueous resinous dispersion are disclosed. The aqueous resinous dispersions are solubilized with base and comprise an acrylic polymer containing N-ethoxymethylacrylamide or methacrylamide moieties and an epoxy resin. The dispersion is useful for coating metal containers particularly as a coating for the interior of containers which are used for alcoholic beverages, for example, beer cans.

Abstract: Silicone resin coating compositions, having a basic pH in the range of from 7.1 to 7.8 are provided. These coating compositions are prepared by hydrolyzing an alkyltrialkoxysilane or aryltrialkoxysilane in an aqueous colloidal silica dispersion and adding to the resultant hydrolysis product a linear functionally terminated oligomeric siloxane. When applied to a solid substrate, these silicone resin compositions provide an abrasion resistant coating having improved resistance to cracking.

Abstract: This invention relates to solutions of polyisocyanate polyaddition products with a solids content of from 5 to 70% by weight ofA. Reaction products of(a) polyisocyanates,(b) hydrazines and/or polyamines and/or dihydrazides and/or ammonia and/or urea and/or low molecular weight polyols,(c) optionally higher molecular weight polyols and(d) optionally formaldehyde inB. polyhydric alcohols having a molecular weight of between 62 and 450.