Abstract: A low molecular weight lignin fraction having a pre-selected molecular weight range prepared from lignin solution by ultrafiltration. The invention also relates to phenol-formaldehyde resin modified by the lignin fraction, adhesive comprising the modified resin, and a method for producing the lignin fraction and the resin.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of composition board, particleboard, fiberboard, waferboard and oriented strandboard as well as new and useful products thereof are provided for by the separation of one portion of the solid constituents of the composition board and the separate blending of that portion with adhesive before combining and mixing that portion with the remaining solid constituents of the composition board product. The method and product is particularly adapted to the use of fines as the one portion of the solid component of composition board and utilizing the precoated fines as an adhesive carrier in the final step of mixing or blending of the fines with the remaining composition board components.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a water-soluble self-acid-doped polyaniline, and its sodium salt, which can be cast into free-standing films from their aqueous solutions. A process for preparing a water-soluble self-acid-doped polyaniline is also disclosed, which comprises reacting a polyaniline with a strong base to convert the amino nitrogen thereof to anionic nitrogen; reacting sultone with the anionic nitrogen to form a side chain alkanesulfonic acid group; doping with protonic acid to form precipitate; dissolving (undoping) the precipitate in an alkaline aqueous solution; removing excess alkali from the alkaline aqueous solution; and contacting the resulting aqueous solution with a H.sup.+ -type ion exchange resin. Moreover, an aqueous solution of the present water-soluble self-acid-doped PAn can be easily mixed with an additional water soluble polymer or polymer emulsion, which can then be cased into a polymer blend film having improved mechanical properties and coupling strength to a substrate.

Abstract: A binder solution of a phenolic novolak resin in solvent, preferably furfuryl alcohol containing at least one chemical agent such as amines containing one to five, preferably two to four, nitrogen atoms, glycerine or mixtures thereof. Preferably, the binder solution contains about 0.2 to about 1.5 weight percent water. The binder solution is for binding refractory objects, preferably those containing doloma (calcined dolomite) aggregate. Methods of mixing these ingredients and using the mixture are also disclosed. Bricks made from the doloma aggregate mixed with the binder solution show good ambient temperature green strength and enhanced modulus of rupture after curing and coking.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of composition board, particleboard, fiberboard, waferboard and oriented strandboard as well as new and useful products thereof are provided for by the separation of one portion of the solid constituents of the composition board and the separate blending of that portion with adhesive before combining and mixing that portion with the remaining solid constituents of the composition board product. The method and product is particularly adapted to the use of fines as the one portion of the solid component of composition board and utilizing the precoated fines as an adhesive carrier in the final step of mixing or blending of the fines with the remaining composition board components.

Abstract: Fiberglass binder solutions based on phenol/formaldehyde resins emit lower formaldehyde emissions when a water soluble bisulfite formaldehyde scavenger is added to the binder prior to spraying onto fiberglass. Sodium bisulfite and ammonium bisulfite in amounts of from 4 to 6 percent based on binder solids can reduce formaldehyde emissions by c.a. 50 percent. The fiberglass products prepared from the binders exhibit no significant loss of physical properties as compared to conventional binders.

Abstract: The present invention relates to polymeric peroxycarbonates, a process for making the polymeric peroxycarbonates and initiator compositions comprising these polymeric peroxycarbonates. The polymeric peroxycarbonates of the present invention provide significant advantages in the polymerization of vinyl monomers.

Abstract: A stable aqueous adhesive composition based on a combination of a normally water-immiscible organo-functional silane and a phenolic resole wherein the silane is dispersed in a stabilized aqueous dispersion of a phenolic resole.

Abstract: Described is an acidic glass fiber binding composition comprising an aqueous soluble phenol formaldehyde resin having low free formaldehyde, an effective amount of a formaldehyde scavenger, and an effective amount of a strong aqueous soluble acid, wherein the composition has an acidic pH and the solids content ranges from about 1 to about 30% by weight of the total composition. Also described is a method of binding glass fibers such as newly formed warm glass fibers at junctions of the fibers by applying the composition as described above to the fibers and then drying the composition. Also described are B-staged and C-staged glass fiber compositions having a alkylamine content less than 5 ppm.

Abstract: A phenolic binder for glass fibers is prepared using an aqueous mixture including a phenol-formaldehyde resole resin, modified with urea in the presence of ammonia. The urea and ammonia are added after the basic mixture including the resole resin has been neutralized. The urea-modified resole resin shows greater stability than urea-modified resins prepared without ammonia.

Abstract: An aqueous aerosol coating composition, which includes a thermoplastic acrylic polymer solubilized in an aqueous solution of a monohydric alcohol. The coating composition may further be blended with a controlling amount of a water soluble or water reducible acrylic polymer for imparting a desired degree of gloss and alkali resistance to a coating made from the aqueous aerosol coating composition The compositions of this invention provide for improved drying rates, hardness and alkali resistance over current aqueous systems.

Abstract: A copolymer latex is provided which comprises 30 to 90% by weight of a conjugated diene monomer unit, 9 to 50% by weight of an ethylenically unsaturated nitrile monomer unit, 0.1 to 20% by weight of an ethylenically unsaturated acid monomer unit and 0 to 20% by weight of an other ethylenically unsaturated monomer unit copolymerizable therewith, having a polystyrene-converted weight average molecular weight of 50,000 to 500,000, and containing 45% or less of methyl ethyl ketone insoluble matter. The latex is presented by emulsion polymerization using a polymerization initiator containing a peroxide whose decomposition temperature giving a half-life period of 10 hours is 100.degree. C. or higher and a reducing agent. The latex is used advantageously for dip molding.

Abstract: Described is an acidic glass fiber binding composition comprising an aqueous soluble phenol formaldehyde resin having low free formaldehyde, an effective amount of a formaldehyde scavenger, and an effective amount of a strong aqueous soluble acid, wherein the composition has an acidic pH and the solids content ranges from about 1 to about 30% by weight of the total composition. Also described is a method of binding glass fibers such as newly formed warm glass fibers at junctions of the fibers by applying the composition as described above to the fibers and then drying the composition. Also described are B-staged and C-staged glass fiber compositions having a alkylamine content less than 5 ppm.

Abstract: A highly transparent silicone paste composition is formulated by mixing:(a) 100 parts by weight of a long chain alkyl-modified silicone fluid having a viscosity of 50-5,000 cS at 25.degree. C. represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a monovalent saturated straight chain hydrocarbon group having 4-18 carbon atoms and accounts for 10-50 mol % of all the Si substituents; m and n are integers such that 0.ltoreq.m.ltoreq.500, 5.ltoreq.n.ltoreq.500, and 5.ltoreq.m+n.ltoreq.500, and a and b are either 0 or 1;(b) 1-30 weight parts of a fumed silica whose specific surface area is no less than 130 m.sup.2 /g; and(c) 0.1-20 weight parts of an alkoxysilane represented by the formula X.sub.c Si(CH.sub.3).sub.d R.sup.2.sub.e, wherein R.sup.2 is an alkoxy group; X is selected from ##STR2## c is 0 or 1; d is 0, 1 or 2; e is 2 or 3; and c+d+e=4, or a hexamethyldisilazane represented by the formula [(CH.sub.3).sub.3 Si].sub.2 NH.

Abstract: Mixtures consisting of a phenolic resin, a hardener, and residues from bisphenol-A production in the ratio of 1:9 to 9:1 are used for the production of binder mixtures for thermostable molding materials. Usable for said purpose are binders with a minimum content of phenolic resin of 10%.

Abstract: A phenolic binder for glass fibers is prepared using an aqueous mixture including a phenol-formaldehyde resole resin, modified with urea in the presence of ammonia. The urea and ammonia are added after the basic mixture including the resole resin has been neutralized. The urea-modified resole resin shows greater stability than urea-modified resins prepared without ammonia.

Abstract: The invention relates to a composition consisting of a melamine solid suspended or dispersed in a resole resin. The method of the invention favors the intermolecular condensation polymerization reaction between phenol and melamine, rather than homopolymerization between phenol molecules or between melamine molecules. This invention reduces formaldehyde emissions by favoring a reaction whose by-product is water rather than formaldehyde. The compositions are useful for bonding glass fiber mats used for thermal and acoustical insulation.

Abstract: An emulsion having a dye developing property, comprising aqueous polymer emulsion particles and contained therein, an organic dye developer.

Abstract: A novel adhesive composition capable of bonding strongly polyester fibers and rubbers with reduced adhesive deterioration even at high temperatures is provided which comprises, as a predominant component, a co-condensation resin obtained by co-condensing at least one member selected from compounds (I) represented by the following general formula, ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are hydrogen atoms, alkyl groups or alkoxy groups, the sum of carbon atoms of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 being 0 to 4, at least one member selected from compounds (II) represented by the following general formula, ##STR2## wherein R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are hydrogen atoms or alkyl groups, the sum of carbon atoms of R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 being 0 to 4, and aldehyde.

Abstract: It has now been found that when there is a partial or complete replacement of the sodium hydroxide that is used to make a sodium phenolate resole resin by a molar equivalent of potassium hydroxide, a far faster curing resin is obtained. Such potassium-modified phenolic resins exhibit significant improvement in cure speed without loss of flowability. To the contrary, these resins act as though they were lower molecular weight condensation products. Reduced application rates are possible. The combination of faster cure and lower application rates has allowed such resins to be used as effective adhesives for plywood, for example, with veneer and interior plies having a higher moisture content than was previously possible. Generally, resins according to the invention may contain from about 1% to about 14%, and preferably from about 1% to about 7% by weight, of potassium hydroxide, or more.

Abstract: An aniline-resorcin-formaldehyde copolycondensation product having a particular mol ratio of aniline to resorcin is used in an adhesive composition for well adhering fibrous material to rubber.

Abstract: A dark colored glass fiber insulation having improved moisture tolerance prepared using an aqueous phenolic resole resin composition containing a water soluble borate and cured under alkaline conditions.

Abstract: The inventive concept is to condense the phenol formaldehyde resins to a higher molecular weight than usual so far. Subsequent addition of urea thereto reduces viscosity to normal levels and increases solid content.The added urea does not take part in condensation reaction but partly reacts in the alkaline medium with formaldehyde to methylol urea (in a so called equilibrium reaction), which is formaldehyde donor for the phenol formaldehyde crosslinking reaction during the pressing of the particle board.The present invention relates to a process for producing modified phenolic resin bonding agents, characterized by preparing as known per se phenol-formaldehyde resins with a viscosity of more than 300 mPa.s (at 20.degree. C.

Abstract: Aqueous aminoresin solutions for low-formaldehyde surface bonding, based on condensates of melamine, urea, phenol and formaldehyde having a molar ratio of from 1.4 to 1.8 moles of formaldehyde, from 0.04 mole to 0.1 mole of melamine and from 0.015 to 0.04 mole of phenol per mole of urea, relative to the total amount of the aminoresin, are obtainable by mixing(A) from 20 to 40% by weight of melamine/urea/phenol/formaldehyde consensate with(B) from 60 to 80% by weight of a urea/formaldehyde condensate.

Abstract: An aqueous gel composition is formed from xanthan gum crosslinked with ions of a transitional metal, resorcinol, and formaldehyde. The gel which initially forms is injected into a formation where it selectively enters pores in a more permeable zone. Once in the more permeable zone, the gel reheals and forms a shear and thermally stable gel. This gel can be used in high temperature formations in addition to those formations having a pH of from about 3.0 to about 10. After the shear and thermally stable gel has formed, a steam-flooding, water-flooding, or a carbon dioxide oil recovery process is commenced in a zone of lesser permeability.

Abstract: A method for providing fibrous polyamide materials with stain resistance is provided. The method comprises contacting the fibrous polyamide materials with an aqueous solution comprising a normally solid, water-soluble, partially sulfonated novolak resin, which comprises the condensation product of at least one phenolic compound and an aldehyde, and a water-soluble divalent metal salt.

Abstract: Particulate novolac resins and aqueous dispersions are produced by condensing phenol with aldehyde using acid catalysis. Following neutralization, particulate novolac resin is formed by adding protective colloid to the aqueous mixture. Resin particle isolation can be aided by dephenolation.

Abstract: What is disclosed are aqueous compositions which are useful for coating solid substrates such as glass, plastic and metal. The aqueous compositions comprise colloidal silica, a phenolic resin, water and at least one hydrolyzable silane. An example of such a composition is colloidal silica, phenolic resin, water and CH.sub.3 SiO.sub.3/2 obtained from CH.sub.3 Si(OCH.sub.3).sub.3.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon recovery from subterranean reservoirs that are penetrated by either injector or producer wells is enhanced by selective permeability modification of the strata of the reservoir with gel-forming phenolic compositions. The injection of the phenolic composition follows a pH sequence specific to the reservoir environment which allows emplacement of the gel-forming composition the desired distance away from the wellbore and production of a uniform gel throughout the treated hydrocarbon-bearing reservoir. The permeability of a treated subterranean reservoir can be restored by treatment of the reservoir with either aqueous hypochlorite or mineral acid.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for the manufacture of an abrasive material by means of a synthetic binder based on a mixture of phenolic resins. The phenolic resins employed have a great stability in storage, its curing times are at most equal to but preferably shorter than those commonly used, therefore higher production speeds or substantially smaller drying installations for the same production speed may be used. The binder contains only small quantities of free formaldehyde, phenol and especially formaldehyde are released in substantially reduced quantities to the environment even when the binder is heated to elevated temperatures, including temperatures above the processing temperature. The release of these substances is also considerably reduced when the abrasive material is subsequently used.

Abstract: An improved moisture-stable phenolic resin binder with calcium ions from the catalyst complexed with the phenolic resin and a process for its preparation and laminate boards with the said binder as the binding agent.

Abstract: An improved process for the production of glass and mineral fiber products bonded with a phenolic resin in which an aqueous phenol-formaldehyde resin is applied to the inorganic fiber as the bonding agent which is formed with calcium hydroxide as condensation catalyst and the mixture is thermally cured, the improvement comprising prior to processing the aqueous phenol-formaldehyde resin is adjusted to a pH of 7.5 to 11 by addition of a base and sulfate ions are added in an amount of 80 to 200% of the stoichiometric amount required for bonding the calcium ions whereby the calcium ions are converted into a water-soluble complex stable for at least three hours without any precipitation and the products produced thereby.

Abstract: There is provided hereby a coloring composition having an excellent water resistance and solution stability, which comprises a reaction mixture of(a) a vinyl compound soluble in water or in a water soluble organic solvent, with(b) a compound which contains more than two groups having a active hydrogen, at least one group of which is an amino group or imino group,in the presence of a water soluble dye and optionally a solvent.

Abstract: A binder which is suitable for coating agents and is based on a combination which is essentially free of protective colloids and consists of an aqueous primary dispersion of a synthetic polymer and a water-insoluble polycondensate of phenols and aldehydes, some of which may be replaced by ketones, is prepared by a process in which the phenolic components for the polycondensate are first mixed with an aqueous primary dispersion of a synthetic polymer which contains glycidyl, carbonyl, N-methylol, N-alkoxymethyl, ether, amino and/or hydrazo groups and may furthermore contain carboxyl or hydroxyl groups, and the polycondensation with the aldehydes (and ketones) is then carried out in this mixture, under conventional conditions.The binders prepared according to the invention are useful as binders for dispersion paints and coatings, in particular as heat-curable binders for metal finishes.

Abstract: An impregnation composition for a thermochemical modification of wood comprising a balanced aqueous-alcoholic solution and having the following chemical formulation, parts by mass:______________________________________ water-soluble oil-shale crude phenols 100 urea 28-36 formaldehyde 35-40 ammonia 13-15 ethylene glycol, its homolog or glycerol 3-10 ethanol 5-1,750 water 100-3,370. ______________________________________A process for preparing an impregnation composition consists in that a mixture of 100 parts by mass of said water-soluble oil-shale crude phenols, 28-36 parts by mass of urea, 3-10 parts by mass of ethylene glycol, a homolog thereof or glycerol, 6-1,025 parts by mass of ethanol and 3-1,492 parts by mass of water is heated at a temperature of from 60.degree. to 95.degree. C.

Abstract: A process of producing a water dispersible epoxy phosphate-solvent mixture is disclosed which comprises heating the solvent with orthophosphoric acid to reaction temperature together with additional water so that the total amount of water is sufficient to hydrolyze at least about 50% of the oxirane functionality in the polyepoxide which is used, slowly adding a resinous polyepoxide to this heated mixture so that reaction with phosphoric acid and hydrolysis of the oxirane groups will occur simultaneously to minimize the concentration of oxirane functionality in the reaction mixture as the reaction proceeds, thus minimizing epoxy-epoxy reactions which tend to increase the molecular weight of the epoxy phosphate which is formed, and then adding volatile amine to destroy any remaining oxirane functionality and to neutralize the epoxy phosphate to provide a water dispersible epoxy phosphate-solvent mixture.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an adhesive composition for manufacturing glued laminated beams and wood constructions. One component of the adhesive composition is resorcinol-phenol resin. Resorcinol-phenol adhesives are as such known in the prior art. The main ingredients of these adhesives are resorcinol, formaldehyde and phenol. Among the drawbacks in the use and production of resorcinol-phenol adhesives are their high price and the fact that the raw materials are difficult to obtain. The purpose for employing the adhesive composition of the invention is to eliminate some of the difficulties connected with the availability of the raw materials, particularly resorcinol, and to help produce a new, more economical resorcinol-phenol based adhesive composition.

Abstract: This invention relates to a catalyzed interfacial polycondensation aromatic polycarbonate process which comprises forming an agitated two-phase mixture comprising an organic solvent phase with catalyst and an aqueous phase containing an aromatic dihydroxy compound, a base and an ionic surfactant. A carbonyl halide is added to the mixture and reacted with the aromatic dihydroxy compound to form an aromatic polycarbonate. The aromatic polycarbonate is recovered from the aqueous phase.

Abstract: This invention relates to block copolymers of polyphenylene oxides and sterically-hindered aromatic polycarbonates. These block copolymers can be molded, calendered, or extruded as films, sheets, fibers, laminates or other useful articles of manufacture.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a lignosulfonate-phenol-formaldehyde resin includes heating a mixture of phenol, formaldehyde, lignosulfonate and alkali at a temperature of 60.degree. C. to 100.degree. C. and a pH of 8-13. The lignosulfonate comprises about 5 to about 80 percent of the total weight of phenol, formaldehyde and lignosulfonate and the lignosulfonate is mixed with said phenol and formaldehyde before substantial reaction between said phenol and said formaldehyde. Also disclosed are fibrous articles manufactured using this resin as a binder.

Abstract: Thermoplastic, branched aromatic polyphosphonates with average molecular weights (number average M.sub.n) of from 11,000 to more than 200,000, obtainable by transesterifying (a) from 97 to 100 moles of at least one diaryl phosphonate, and (b) from 0 to 3 moles of at least one triaryl phosphate--the sum of the moles of (a) and (b) being 100--with (c) from 90 to 99 moles of at least one aromatic dihydroxy compound, and (d) from 0 to 3 moles of at least one aromatic trihydroxy or tetradhydroxy compound--with the proviso that at least one of the components (b) and (d) is present in a quantity of at least 0.001 mole and that, where (b) and (d) are used, the maximum limit on the moles is 3.0.

Abstract: Aqueous dispersions of a phenolic resole and a thermoplastics polymeric material or a rubber, suitable for use as adhesives, are prepared by(a) dissolving a solid thermoplastics polymeric material, such as a polyvinyl acetal or a nylon polyamide, or rubber in a phenol,(b) adding a nonionic or anionic surface active agent and/or protective colloid,(c) adjusting the mixture to a pH above 7 by addition of a base,(d) adding aqueous formaldehyde solution, or a formaldehyde donor, to a molar ratio of phenol to formaldehyde within the range 1:1 to 1:3,(e) if necessary, adding water, and(f) heating the mixture to form a phenolic resole.

Abstract: A water-base well drilling, workover or completion fluid containing a fluid loss control agent prepared by pre-reacting sulfonated phenol with formaldehyde under alkaline conditions and then reacting the mixture with phenol under controlled conditions is described.

Abstract: Phenol-formaldehyde and phenol-resorcinol-formaldehyde resinous aqueous syrups useful as thermosetting binders or adhesives are prepared by reacting, a phenol-formaldehyde resin composition firstly at atmospheric reflux temperature at a substantially neutral pH of 5.8 to 8.5 and a formaldehyde to phenol mol ratio between 1.7 to 2.8 for a period of 20 to 120 minutes; reacting secondly with added formaldehyde, if necessary, and also needed alkali metal hydroxide to produce mol ratios of 2.1 to 2.8 and 0.10 to 0.38, respectively, per mol of phenol, for a period of at least two minutes at reflux to produce a liquid phenol-formaldehyde thermosetting resin. The setting time can be decreased, if desired, by using two portions of syrup, reacting one portion for a greater time-temperature period than the other and combining the two portions.

Abstract: Novel cationic polymer flocculants are prepared by polycondensation of an epihalohydrin and mixed Mannich reaction products of a monohydric phenol and bisphenol with formaldehyde and dialkylamine. The flocculants are stable in aqueous solutions and show an excellent effect in purification of industrial effluents.

Abstract: Resinous compositions which are the Michael adducts of primary and/or secondary amines and polymers containing alpha, beta-ethylenically unsaturated moieties in conjugation with carbonyl moieties are disclosed. The compositions are depositable on substrates to form films. The films are amenable to oxidative and aminoplast cures and cure with light color. The compositions are desirable for use in cationic electrodeposition.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a lignosulfonate-phenol-formaldehyde resin includes heating a mixture of phenol, formaldehyde, lignosulfonate and alkali at a temperature of 60.degree. C. to 100.degree. C. and a pH of 8-13. The lignosulfonate comprises about 5 to about 80 percent of the total weight of phenol, formaldehyde and lignosulfonate and the lignosulfonate is mixed with said phenol and formaldehyde before substantial reaction between said phenol and said formaldehyde. Also disclosed are fibrous articles manufactured using this resin as a binder.