Abstract: An aqueous fluororesin coating composition and a process for producing the same, the coating composition comprising a core/shell fluorine-containing copolymer dispersed in an aqueous medium, the core/shell fluorine-containing copolymer comprising a core comprising a fluorine-containing copolymer comprising a repeating unit derived from a fluoroolefin monomer and a repeating unit derived from a vinyl carboxylate monomer and having a glass transition point Tg of 40.degree. C. or more, and a shell comprising a fluorine-containing copolymer comprising a repeating unit derived from a fluoroolefin monomer and a repeating unit derived from a vinyl carboxylate monomer and having a glass transition point Tg of from -10 to 30.degree. C., the weight ratio of the core to the shell being from 20/1 to 1/2.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel room temperature coalescable aqueous fluoropolymer dispersions and a process for their manufacture. These dispersions may be used in a variety of applications including high temperature thermoplastic coatings, polishes, room temperature formable paints and coatings, extrudable or injection moldable resins, and adhesives.

Abstract: The present invention provides the fluorine-containing elastic copolymer which is excellent in molding processability, particularly molding stability and further vulcanization properties, flowability at molding and compression set of a vulcanized rubber. The copolymer is prepared through emulsion polymerization of vinylidene fluoride and at least one of other monomers in two polymerization stages by using a water-soluble radical polymerization initiator in a very small amount of 0.001 to 0.03% by weight based on the total weight of copolymers prepared in the two stages and an oil-soluble radical polymerization initiator. The present invention also provides a process for preparation thereof and a vulcanizable composition containing the same.

Abstract: Relatively low molecular weight Olefin/CO copolymers are graft copolymerized with vinyl monomers by the exposure of a mixture of a dispersion of the two to high energy radiation such as .gamma. ray radiation. Styrene is an example of a monomer useful in forming the graft copolymer. The graft copolymers are useful as waterborne glues particularly in the preparation of wood composites.

Abstract: An adhesive for bonding together a first substrate made of vinylidene fluoride resin and a second substrate comprises an elastic fluorohydrocarbon resin, a polyisocyanate, and an organic solvent. This elastic fluorohydrocarbon resin is obtained by graft copolymerization of a fluorine-containing copolymer with a vinylidene fluoride monomer. This copolymer is prepared by copolymerizing at least one first fluorine-containing monomer with at least one unsaturated monomer that has peroxy bond. The adhesive itself is superior in durability, and bond strength between the first and second substrates is also superior.

Abstract: A tetrafluoroethylene-containing powder contains free flowing particles of a tetrafluoroethylene polymer at least partially encapsulated by a polymer or copolymer selected from polystyrene, poly-.alpha.-alkylstyrenes, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers, .alpha.-alkylstyrene-acrylonitrile copolymers, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymers, styrene-butadiene rubbers and their mixtures. The powder is obtained by emulsion polymerization of one or more monomers in the presence of a tetrafluoroethylene polymer and is useful as an additive in polymer compositions and in making molded articles.

Abstract: High-surface-area polyolefins grafted with certain fluoroalkylvinylether sulfonate or carboxylate monomers, and their method of preparation, are disclosed. Such materials are useful as catalysts and as membranes in electrochemical cells.

Abstract: Particles of melt-fabricable fluoropolymer resin have functional units only in the particle shell.

Abstract: A method for the polymerization of a monomer is disclosed. The method includes (a) providing a reaction mixture comprising a monomer, a stabilizer precursor, and a polymerization initiator in a polymerization medium comprising carbon dioxide; and then (b) polymerizing the monomer and the stabilizer precursor in the polymerization medium to form a heterogeneous reaction mixture comprising a polymer in the polymerization medium. The stabilizer precursor is covalently bound the polymer to provide an intrinsic surfactant in the polymer, which stabilizes the polymer in the heterogeneous reaction mixture.

Abstract: A process for producing modified cross-linked polymer particles which comprises polymerizing 0.01 to 900 parts by weight of (B) a monomer component containing 50% by weight or more of at least one member selected from the group consisting of aromatic monoalkenyl compounds, acrylic acid esters, methacrylic acid esters, fluoroalkyl acrylates, fluoroalkyl methacrylates, unsaturated carboxylic acids, conjugated diene compounds, vinyl esters and organosilane compounds in the presence of 100 parts by weight of (A) cross-linked polymer particles obtained by polymerizing a monomer mixture comprising 50% by weight or more of at least one cross-linking monomer selected from the group consisting of divinylbenzene, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate and trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate.

Abstract: The toner particles of this invention comprise pigment and a resin. The resin comprises a novel polymer formed from ethylenically unsaturated monomers, macromeric moieties that render the resin dispersible in hydrocarbon solvents, and a surface-release promoting moiety. When used for toner particles the polymer further comprises charge directing chelating moieties. The toner particles also include a charge director, preferably a metal cation. The toner particles, when dispersed in a carrier liquid, are useful as liquid toners for electrographic or electrophotographic processes.

Abstract: An adhesive fluorine-containing polymer comprising a fluorine-containing polymer having hydrogen atoms bonded to carbon atoms of its main chain and a grafting compound having a linking group capable of grafting to the fluorine-containing polymer and a functional group capable of providing an adhesive property, grafted to the fluorine-containing polymer.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, it has been discovered that perfluorinated hydrocarbon polymers can be used as fillers for the preparation of adhesive formulations having excellent dielectric properties, i.e., very low conductivities. Invention compositions display excellent rheological properties, in addition to low dielectric constants. Invention formulations can be used for a variety of purposes, such as, for example, for the preparation of filled adhesive formulations with a reduced propensity to settle out, excellent dispensing characteristics due to the thixotropic nature thereof, and the like.

Abstract: According to the present invention, there are provided a process for producing a vinyl alcohol polymer comprising reaction of a vinyl ester polymer (A) having an epoxy group with a compound (B) having a thiol or thioester group and hydrolysis thereof, said hydrolysis being conducted during or after said reaction; and a process for producing a vinyl alcohol polymer comprising reaction of a vinyl ester polymer (C) having a thiol or thioester group with a compound (D) having an epoxy group and hydrolysis thereof, said hydrolysis being conducted during or after said reaction. According to the present invention, it is possible to efficiently introduce into PVA various functional groups having excellent reactivity, crosslinkability, ionic interactivity, water-solubility, interfacial physical properties, low-temperature flexibility, etc., under relatively mild reaction conditions.

Abstract: A reactive and processable fluoropolymer, obtainable by mechanical shearing ofa fluoropolymer A) comprising polymerized monomer units of at least one fluorinated, optionally substituted, alkene with 2 to 8 carbon atoms andoptionally at least one member selected from the group consisting of a perfluorinated vinyl ether, non-fluorinated olefin and non-fluorinated vinyl ester, and0.3 to 7% of a compound B) which possessesa double bond (I) capable of adding to polymeric radical fragments anda II-electron system which is either conjugated with double bond (I) or has readily transferrable hydrogen atoms in the allyl or benzyl position andoptionally further double bonds or reactive groups andoptionally further auxiliary agents (C).The fluoropolymer is especially useful in radical addition or nucleophilic or electrophilic substitution or addition, e.g. cross-linking or grafting.

Abstract: The invention relates to an elastic fluorohydrocarbon resin. This resin is obtained by graft copolymerization of a first segment which is one of fluorine-containing elastomeric and crystalline polymers with a second segment which is the other of these polymers. The first segment is prepared by copolymerizing at least one first unsaturated monomer that has peroxy bond with at least one second fluorine-containing monomer. When the first monomer is dissolved in a first solvent prior to the copolymerization, the copolymerization can be safely conducted with higher yield. This first solvent is selected from a carboxylic ester of t-butanol, methylene chloride, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, and first, second, third and fourth compounds which are respectively represented by R.sup.1 COOR.sup.2, C.sub.2 H.sub.x Cl.sub.y F.sub.z, C.sub.3 H.sub.x Cl.sub.y F.sub.z, and C.sub.4 H.sub.x Cl.sub.y F.sub.z.

Abstract: A method of producing graft block copolymers which comprises (a) grafting a halosilane of the formulaHSiX.sub.n R.sub.3-nwherein X is halogen, R is alkyl or aryl, and n=1-3, onto a .alpha.-olefin/diene copolymer made from at least one .alpha.-olefin and at least one diene, (b) anionically polymerizing at least one anionically polymerizable monomer to form living polymer chains, and (c) reacting the products of (a) and (b) together wherein the living polymer chains react with the halosilane groups on the .alpha.-olefin/diene copolymer and are added thereto as pendant side chains.

Abstract: Use of a polymer blend based on a polymerizate of groups of tetrafluoroethylene derivatives as a processing aid for polyvinyl chloride resins, chlorinated polyvinyl chloride resins, polyolefins and styrene-based resins.Use of a polymer blend as a processing aid for polyvinyl chloride resins, chlorinated polyvinyl chloride resins, polyolefins and styrene-based resins and their mixtures, the polymer blend comprising particles of tetrafluoroethylene polymerizate, these particles being totally or partially encapsulated by a styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, the amount of the said blend used being such that the tetrafluoroethylane polymerizate represents between 0.05 parts by weight and 20 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of resins and/or polymers processed.

Abstract: Fluorinated thermoplastic elastomers comprising monomeric units deriving from at least an iodinated olefin of formula:CX.sub.2 .dbd.CX--R.sub.f --CHR--I (I)wherein:X is --H, --F, or --CH.sub.3 ; R is --H or --CH.sub.3 ; R.sub.f is a (per) fluoroalkylene radical, linear or branched, optionally containing one or more ether oxygen atoms, or a (per) fluoropolyoxyalkylene radical.

Abstract: Powder coating composition which comprises a hybrid polymer system in granular form of a polymer A formable from monomer(s) by aqueous suspension polymerisation and a polymer B, different to A, which polymer system has been obtained using a process which comprises dissolving polymer B in monomeric material to be used in the formation of polymer A, polymerising the monomer(s) to form polymer A using an aqueous suspension polymerisation process, and removing the aqueous phase to form a hybrid of the polymers A and B in granular form, and wherein polymer A and polymer B bear functional groups for imparting curability to the hybrid polymer system, and wherein further the hybrid polymer system has a number average molecular weight within the range of from 1500 to 15,000.

Abstract: A compound having the formula: ##STR1## where Q is an onium ion; A.sup.- is a counterion; R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, and R.sup.4, independently, comprise (a) a non-fluorinated alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, or aralkyl group; (b) an onium-containing group; or (c) a group having the formula --(CH.sub.2).sub.n --Y--R.sup.5 in which n is at least two; Y is a spacer arm comprising a --CH.sub.2 --, --O--, --OCH.sub.2 --, --S--, --SO.sub.2 --, or --Z--SO.sub.2-- group; Z is an --R.sup.6 --O--, --N(R.sup.7)--, or --N(H)-- group; R.sup.6 is a substituted or unsubstituted phenylene group; R.sup.7 is a non-fluorinated alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, or alkaryl group; and R.sup.5 is a fluorinated group, perfluorinated group, or combination thereof, with the proviso that (i) at least one of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, and R.sup.4 comprises a group having the formula --(CH.sub.2).sub.n --Y--R.sup.5 ; (ii) the total number of fluorine atoms in said compound is at least 5; and (iii) when Q is a sulfonium ion, there is no R.sup.4 group.

Abstract: A light scattering light guide, which is capable of converting a light flux of a relatively small cross-sectional area into a light flux of a relatively large area with high efficiency and uniformity, manufacturing method thereof, and applied optical apparatuses such as backlight light source apparatuses and light branching/mixing devices which make effective use of the characteristics of said light scattering light guide. Such light scattering light guide is obtained by utilizing various structures with irregular refraction indexes generated in the process of polymerization of organic materials.

Abstract: A vulcanizable, fluorine-containing elastomer composition, which comprises a fluorine-containing elastomer containing at least one of iodine and bromine in the molecule, salicylaldo-imino copper complex having the following formula: ##STR1## as a cross-linking agent, and a polyfunctional unsaturated compound as a cross-linking aid can produce vulcanized products having a largely improved modulus of elasticity.

Abstract: Electrostatic toners comprising polymeric dyes comprising of (1) discrete segments that are dispersible in highly fluorinated solvents and (2) discrete color-imparting segments. These toners can be prepared by a means of a polymerization process, wherein macromers containing highly fluorinated dispersible segments are grafted onto a polymer having chromophores attached thereto.

Abstract: A water-absorptive contact lens obtained by saponification of a copolymer composed essentially of (A) from 1 to 30% by weight of a (meth)acrylate polymer having at least one polymerizable group per molecule on an average obtained by copolymerizing (a) an alkyl (meth)acrylate and (b) a monomer having at least two polymerizable groups per molecule, as the main components; (B) from 45 to 95% by weight of a fatty acid vinyl ester; (C) from 0.02 to 10% by weight of a crosslinking agent which is not decomposable by saponification; and (D) from 0.1 to 20% by weight of a crosslinking agent which is decomposable by saponification.

Abstract: Thermoplastic polyblend compositions, well suited for the production of mechanically strong and chemical-resistant shaped articles having a wide variety of chemical engineering and other applications, e.g., for the production of electrical cable for high-frequency electrical transmissions, comprise (i) a fluoropolymer, (ii) an aromatic polyester and (iii) a copolymeric compatibilizing agent therefor, the compatibilizing copolymer (iii) comprising the copolymerizate of ethylene, a glycidyl acrylate, an acrylic comonomer and, optionally, a peroxy comonomer.

Abstract: A composite microparticle of fluorine containing resin which is obtained by emulsion polymerization, having a core portion of a perfluoro resin which contains 80 to 100% by weight of TFE and 0 to 15% by weight of other copolymerizable fluorine containing olefin in a monomer composition, is crystalline and has a melting point of not lower than 250 C.; and a shell portion of vinylidene fluoride resin which contains 30 to 100 mole % of vinylidene fluoride and 0 to 70 mole % of other copolymerizable fluorine containing olefin (excluding hexafluoroisobutene), is crystalline and has a melting point of not lower than 70.degree. C.; the composite particle having a multilayer or gradient structure and an averaged particle size of 0.05 to 1.0 .mu.m, which is excellent in blending property with other resins or elastomers, and dispersibility in coating materials.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are block copolymers in which one the repeat units in one type of block is derived from (meth)acrylate esters, and repeat units in a second type of block are derived from .alpha.-fluoroacrylate esters. Also described is a process for making these block copolymers by Group Transfer Polymerization. The block copolymers are useful as for stabilizing emulsions and suspensions and for modifying the surface properties of objects.

Abstract: A graft polymer obtainable by grafting a polymer substrate with a compound of formula (I), in which the groups R are the same or different and each is a straight or branched C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group; X is an aryl group or a straight or branched C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkylene group, optionally containing one or more carbon-carbon double or triple bonds, ether linkages or aryl groups; the aryl groups being unsubstituted or substituted by one or more C.sub.1-4 alkyl groups; n is from 2 to 4; and A is a reactive group, is useful as a biocompatible material in contact lenses, biomedical devices and blood-containing devices. In a preferred embodiment A is a polymerizable group and the graft polymer is produced by radical initiated polymerization of the compound of formula (I) on the substrate which is initiated by a radical-forming group on the substrate.

Abstract: A vulcanizable, fluorine-containing elastomer composition, which comprises a fluorine-containing elastomer copolymerized with chlorotrifluoroethylene, (A) a salicylaldo-imino copper complex having the following chemical formula as a cross-linking agent: ##STR1## (B) at least one of a divalent metal oxide and hydroxide as an acid receptor, and (C) a polyfunctional unsaturated compound as a cross-linking agent have a high vulcanization rate and good physical properties in the normal state of vulcanization product.

Abstract: Nitrile containing perfluoroelastomers are cured by a combination of a peroxide, a coagent, and a catalyst which causes crosslinks to form using the nitrile groups. The method is relatively fast and economical, and gives vulcanizates which have excellent high temperature properties. Triphenyltin hydroxide is an exceptionally good catalyst for the formation of crosslinks from nitrile groups in perfluoroelastomers.

Abstract: Thermoplastic fluoroelastomer graft polymers formed from a fluorine-containing graft polymer formed from a rubber like (Tg<0.degree. C.), uncrosslinked fluorine-containing copolymer containing double bonds as the graft base onto which is grafted a fluorine-containing monomer that gives an at least partly crystalline polymer are produced from the rubber-like uncrosslinked copolymer by radical polymerization in solution, suspension or emulsion under elevated pressure at about -15.degree. to +120.degree. C., and grafting thereon a monomer which forms an at least partly crystalline polymer the grafting onto the rubber-like copolymer taking place by radical solution, suspension or emulsion graft polymerization under elevated pressure at about -15.degree. to +120.degree. C.

Abstract: Thermoplastic polyblend compositions, well suited for the production of mechanically strong and chemical-resistant shaped articles having a wide variety of chemical engineering and other applications, e.g., for the production of electrical cable for high-frequency electrical transmissions, comprise (i) a fluoropolymer, (ii) an aromatic polyester and (iii) a copolymeric compatibilizing agent therefor, the compatibilizing copolymer (iii) comprising the copolymerizate of ethylene, a glycidyl acrylate, an acrylic comonomer and, optionally, a peroxy comonomer.

Abstract: A polymer comprising at least one polymer chain is produced by polymerizing, in the presence of a radical generating source and an iodide compound, at least one monomer M.sub.1 having a radically polymerizable unsaturated bond between a carbon atom and an iodine atom constituting a carbon-iodine bond of the iodide compound to form at least one polymer chain between the carbon atom and the iodine atom, wherein the polymerization reaction is carried out in the presence of a monomer M.sub.2 which is different from the monomer M.sub.1 and has a larger addition reactivity with a carbon radical which is generated by cleavage of the carbon-iodine bond of the iodine compound than that of the monomer M.sub.1.

Abstract: The present block copolymer contains a structural unit (A) derived from a compound represented by the general formula (I): CH.sub.2 .dbd.CR.sub.1 COOR.sub.2 R.sub.f, and also contains a structural unit (B) consisting of a polymer moiety represented by at least one of the structural formulae (III) and (IV) and another polymer moiety derived from a compound represented by the general formula (II): CH.sub.2 .dbd.CR.sub.3 R.sub.4. For preparing the above block copolymer, a block copolymer consisting of the structural unit (A) derived from a compound represented by the general formula (I): CH.sub.2 .dbd.CR.sub.1 COOR.sub.2 R.sub.f and the structural unit (B1) derived from a compound represented by the general formula (II): CH.sub.2 .dbd.CR.sub.3 R.sub.4 and a compound represented by the general formula (V): CH.dbd.CR.sub.6 COO(R.sub.9).sub.t H are reacted with a compound represented by the general formula (VI): R.sub.10 COCl to allow a dehydrochlorination reaction to take place.

Abstract: The invention relates to a polymeric composite material which:is based on a liquid crystal polymer component,exhibits a high glass transition temperature of at least 60.degree. C. and a scattering texture when deposited as a thin film,can be rendered transparent by being heated above the glass transition temperature and/or clearing temperature, andis obtained by mixing a liquid crystal polymer component, a reactive liquid crystalline component, optionally a polymerization initiator component, and/or further additive components, with subsequent polymerization.

Abstract: 1. A water-absorptive contact lens obtained by saponification of a copolymer composed essentially of:(A) from 1 to 30% by weight of a (meth)acrylate polymer having at least one polymerizable group per molecule on an average obtained by copolymerizing (a) an alkyl (meth)acrylate and (b) a monomer having at least two polymerizable groups per molecule, as the main components;(B) from 1 to 10% by weight of a vinyl monomer selected from the group consisting of maleic acid esters and N-vinyl lactams;(C) from 50 to 98% by weight of a fatty acid vinyl ester; and(D) from 0.02 to 10% by weight of a cross linking monomer.

Abstract: The invention provides: 1) a dispersion-type resin composition including polymer particles insoluble in an organic solvent, the resin composition being prepared by polymerizing a radically polymerizable unsaturated monomer in the organic solvent in the presence of a fluorine-type resin containing silane group and epoxy group; 2) a resin composition including polymer particles insoluble in an organic solvent, the resin composition being prepared by polymerizing a radically polymerizable unsaturated monomer in the organic solvent in the presence of a dispersion stabilizer comprising at least one of a component (I) having silane group, and a component (II) having epoxy group, at least one of components (I) and (II) being a fluorine-containing resin; 3) a curable composition including one of the resin compositions 1) and 2) and a metal chelate compound; and 4) a coating composition including one of the curable composition and the resin compositions.

Abstract: This invention is a melt processible fluoropolymer composition having a thermally stable, non-volatile, non-fugitive coagent. The fluoropolymer is made from ethylene, tetrafluoroethylene and at least one monomer. The coagent preferably is a salt of an acrylic acid such as dimethacrylate or diacrylate. The composition is useful as a wire and cable coating, chemically resistant lining for pipes or vessels or a film or membrane. The fluoropolymer composition has good tensile strength particularly at high temperatures and has good heat aging properties. The composition may be crosslinked with low doses of radiation. A shaped article made from the composition and a method of making the shaped article are also claimed.

Abstract: A vulcanizable fluororubber composition which contains(a) an iodine- and/or bromine-containing fluororubber,(b) a vulcanizing agent which is an organic peroxide, and(c) a compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each is an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, in an amount of 0.05 to 5 ppm based on the fluororubber (a) gives a transparent colorless vulcanized material.

Abstract: Thermoplastic fluoroelastomer graft polymers formed from a fluorine-containing graft polymer formed from a rubber like (Tg<0.degree. C.), uncrosslinked fluorine-containing copolymer containing double bonds as the graft base onto which is grafted a fluorine-containing monomer that gives an at least partly crystalline polymer are produced from the rubber-like uncrosslinked copolymer by radical polymerization in solution, suspension or emulsion under elevated pressure at about -15.degree. to +120.degree. C., and grafting thereon a monomer which forms an at least partly crystalline polymer the grafting onto the rubber-like copolymer taking place by radical solution, suspension or emulsion graft polymerization under elevated pressure at about -15.degree. to +120.degree. C.

Abstract: An adhesive composition for adhering an artificial nail to the nail comprising 2-methoxyisopropyl .alpha.-cyanoacrylate, and a copolymer of a specified alkyl acrylate or alkyl methacrylate and a specified fluorinated alkyl acrylate or fluorinated alkyl methacrylate. The composition is very low in exothermic temperature and has satisfactory properties to permit the artificial nail to be peeled off easily within a short period of time.

Abstract: This invention relates to fluorohydrocarbon polymers which are modified by the incorporation of substitiuents bearing a functional group such as vinyl, allyl, acrylate, alkoxysilane, amido, sulfonic acid salt, pyridine, carboxylic ester, and carboxylic salt. The functional groups may be further reacted to obtain branching, grafting, or crosslinking of the polymers. Copolymers of vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropene such as VITON A rubber and KYNAR FLEX 2801 plastomer, are typical of the class of fluorohydrocarbon polymers which are modified to obtain the new materials of this invention.

Abstract: There are disclosed a graft copolymer formed by grafting a styrenic monomer onto a high polymer having double bonds in the side chain to constitute highly syndiotactic polystyrenic chain as the graft component, the graft copolymer having a content of graft component of 0.005 to 99% by weight and a reduced viscosity of 0.01 to 30 dl/g as measured at a concentration of 0.05 g/dl in 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene at 135.degree. C. or a melt index of 0.001 to 500 g/10 minutes as measured at 300.degree. C. under a load of 2.16 kg; a process for efficiently producing the above graft copolymer using a catalyst comprising specific components; and a resin composition comprising the above graft copolymer, a highly syndiotactic styrenic polymer or other thermoplastic resin and, when necessary, an inorganic or organic filler. The above graft copolymer and resin composition are excellent in resistance to heat and chemicals, electrical properties, moldability, compatibility, impact resistance, etc.

Abstract: Fluorinated styrenes of the formula I: ##STR1## where R.sub.1 is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl and R.sub.2 is the repeating unit ##STR2## where x is zero or any positive integer, which are useful as compatibilizing and toughening agents for various polymers such as styrene, dienes (butadiene, isoprene, etc.) acrylates, polymethacrylates, polycarbonates, polyesters, polyamides, etc. Particularly preferred are p-(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-hydroxy isopropyl)-.alpha.-methylstyrene, polymers thereof, block and random copolymers thereof and polymer blends incorporating the same.

Abstract: This invention provides PVDF having such crystallization properties as to produce small spherulite sizes without sacrifices to properties, processability, purity, etc., and a suspension polymerization method to obtain the same.The PVDF obtained by this invention comprises the monomer unit content of 99.5-96 wt. % of vinylidene fluoride, and the monomer unit content of 0.5-4 wt. % of comonomers selected from hexafluoropropylene and/or tetrafluoroethylene, and has a logarithmic viscosity of 0.9-1.3 dl/g, and a molecular-weight distribution, as expressed in the ratio (Mw/Mn) of weight-average molecular weight and number-average molecular weight, of 2.2-2.8.In order to manufacture the PVDF of this invention, a mixture of vinylidene fluoride monomers containing 1-5 wt. % of monomers selected from hexafluoropropylene and/or tetrafluoroethylene is suspension-polymerized in an aqueous medium, using an oil-soluble initiator so that the logarithmic viscosity [.eta..sub.1 ] is kept at 1.3-1.

Abstract: A fluorochemical graft copolymer comprising: a base polymer comprising polymerized units derived from monomers having terminal olefinic double bonds, having a moiety comprising a fluoroaliphatic group grafted thereto. Also disclosed are processes for preparing such fluorochemical graft copolymers, forming and annealing methods for enhancing the surface activity of such a graft copolymer, polymer blends comprising such a fluorochemical graft copolymer and a matrix polymer that is miscible with the base polymer, and a method for reducing the surface energy of a polymer comprising polymerized units derived from monomers having terminal olefinic double bonds.

Abstract: By using salicylaldoimino copper complex having the following formula as a cross-linking agent for a fluorine-containing elastomer containing at least one of iodine and bromine in the molecule, a vulcanization product with an improved heat resistance can be obtained and generation of harmful substances such as methyl iodine, methyl bromine, etc.

Abstract: A fluorine-containing graft copolymer prepared by a step (i) of polymerizing a monomer having formula (I) and an unsaturated carboxylic acid or a monomer having a glycidyl group to obtain a copolymer, ##STR1## wherein R represents --H or --CH.sub.3 group; and A represents --COOC.sub.n H.sub.2n+1 or OC.sub.n H.sub.2n+1, in which n is an integer of 6 to 20; a step (ii) of esterifying the resulting copolymer by using a monomer having a glycidyl group in the case where a constituting monomer of the above copolymer is an unsaturated carboxylic acid, or by using an unsaturated carboxylic acid in the case where a constituting monomer of the above copolymer is a monomer having a glycidyl group; and a step (iii) of graft-polymerizing a monomer comprising at least fluoroalkyl acrylate or fluoroalkyl methacrylate on the above esterified copolymer. In addition, a toner comprising a coloring agent and a resin component which comprises the above-mentioned fluorine-containing graft copolymer is disclosed.

Abstract: A fluorochemical graft copolymer comprising: a base polymer comprising polymerized units derived from monomers having terminal olefinic double bonds, having grafted thereto a plurality of polyfluoropolyether groups, Also disclosed is a process for preparing such a graft copolymer, and a method for reducing the surface energy of a polymer comprising polymerized units derived from monomers having terminal olefinic double bonds.