Abstract: Polymeric composition having good impact resistance which comprises styrene, methylstyrene, a conjugated diene monomer, and optionally an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid anhydride, are described.

Abstract: Disclosed is a new class of polymeric hindered amine light stabilizers based on maleic anhydride modified polyolefins reacted with tetramethyl piperidine derivatives. These materials are more effective than most of the generally used hindered amine light stabilizers, but due to their higher molecular weights and the polyolefin backbone, they are more compatible with polyolefins.

Abstract: Oil soluble viscosity index improving ethylene copolymers, such as copolymers of ethylene and propylene; and ethylene, propylene and diolefin; etc., are reacted or grafted with ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid moieties, preferably maleic anhydride moieties, and reacted with polyamines having two or more primary amine groups and a carboxylic acid component, preferably alkylene polyamine and alkenyl succinic anhydride such as polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride. Or the grafted ethylene copolymer can be reacted with already formed salts, amides, imides, etc. of said polyamine and acid component, preferably imides of alkylene polyamine and alkenyl succinic anhydride. These reactions can permit the incorporation of varnish inhibition and dispersancy into the ethylene copolymer while inhibiting cross-linking with resulting viscosity increase, haze or gelling.

Abstract: This invention describes an improved ionizing radiation sensitive material having high contrast, high sensitivity and comprised of a metal complex of a mixed half-ester or half amide product of the reaction of an N-hydroxy or N-aminoalkyl amide and a hydroxy alkyl terminally unsaturated compound with an alkylvinyl ether-maleic anhydride copolymer. A typical material is made by reacting a metal salt with the mixed half-ester or half-amide product of the reaction of an N-hydroxy or N-amino alkyl amide and a hydroxy alkyl terminally unsaturated compound with an alkyl vinyl ether-maleic anhydride copolymer.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon resin consisting essentially of a copolymer of (A) an unsaturated chain hydrocarbon or a cyclic hydrocarbon having a vinylidene group and (B) 9,10-dihydrodicyclopentadiene or its derivative, or a hydrocarbon resin modified by addition reacting an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid or its anhydride, or hydrogen, to the above-mentioned copolymer. The hydrocarbon resin and the modified hydrocarbon resin have a high softening point and a low melt viscosity, and are suitable for use in adhesives and traffic paints.

Abstract: Polymeric compositions having resistance to impact comprising (a) from about 50 to about 90 percent by weight of a polyamide having a number average molecular weight of at least 10,000 and (b) from about 10 to about 50 percent by weight of a maleic anhydride adduct of a hydrogenated polymer of one or more conjugated dienes or a hydrogenated copolymer of a conjugated diene and a vinyl aromatic hydrocarbon, said hydrogenated polymer or copolymer having a residual unsaturation content of from about 0.5 to about 20% of its original unsaturation content prior to hydrogenation; wherein at least 5 percent by weight of components (a) and (b) are present in the form of a graft copolymer containing at least 20 percent of polyamide. The compositions exhibit especially advantageous properties, particularly high impact strength and are useful in a variety of molding applications such as molded bushings, gears, cams, valves and a variety of other products.

Abstract: A polyolefin resin composition comprising a modified polyolefin prepared by reacting a polyolefin with an unsaturated carboxylic acid in the presence of a catalyst including at least one member selected from the group consisting of ketal peroxides and dialkyl peroxides having a decomposition temperature necessary for attaining the half life of 10 hours of at least 80.degree. C., and a fibrous, powdery, or flaky reinforcement.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of carboxyl-containing polymers comprising mixing together maleic anhydride, a free radical initiator, an additive which inhibits the homopolymerization of maleic anhydride but not that of methyl methacrylate below about 100.degree. C. and a polymer, above its melting point, in the absence of a solvent. The process yields anhydride-containing polymers without the substantial crosslinking or degradation which characterize the process in the absence of the additive.

Abstract: Lubricating oil dispersant VI improvers are made by grafting maleic anhydride to an ethylene/.alpha.-olefin-non-conjugated diene terpolymer in a hydrogen-treated mineral oil solvent using a free radical and then reacting the grafted intermediate with an amine containing only one primary amine group, 1-6 amino nitrogen atoms and 20-36 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Insolubilized poly(maleic anhydride) is disclosed for use in a method of removing heavy metals, particularly lead, from aqueous media.

Abstract: Hydrocarbyl substituted carboxylic acylating agents are made by reacting, optionally in the presence of chlorine or bromine, (A) one or more alpha-beta olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acid reagents containing 2 to about 20 carbon atoms, exclusive of the carboxyl-based groups with (B) one or more high molecular weight olefin polymers of more than 30 carbon atoms selected from the group consisting of(i) interpolymers of C.sub.2-8 mono-1-olefins with C.sub.12 -C.sub.30 mono-olefins,(ii) mixtures of (a) homopolymers and/or interpolymers of C.sub.2-8 mono-1-olefins with (b) homopolymers and/or interpolymers of C.sub.12 -C.sub.30 mono-olefins, and(iii) chlorinated or brominated analogs of (i) or (ii).This invention includes the acylated amine and/or alcohol derivatives of these hydrocarbyl-substituted carboxylic acid acylating agents and their use in lubricants and normally liquid fuels.

Abstract: Hydrocarbyl substituted carboxylic acylating agents are made by reacting, optionally in the presence of chlorine or bromine, (A) one or more alpha-beta olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acid reagents containing 2 to about 20 carbon atoms, exclusive of the carboxyl-based groups with (B) one or more high molecular weight olefin polymers of more than 30 carbon atoms selected from the group consisting of(i) polymers of C.sub.12 -C.sub.30 mono-olefins, and(ii) chlorinated or brominated analogs of (i).This invention includes the acylated amine and/or alcohol derivatives of these hydrocarbyl-substituted carboxylic acid acylating agents, and the use of such derivatives and agents in lubricants and normally liquid fuels.

Abstract: Thermoplastic molding compositions which comprise a rubber modified styrene-maleic anhydride non-equimolar copolymer and polycarbonate resin are disclosed.

Abstract: A class of polymer precursor materials, which, under appropriate conditions, react to form cross-linked polymers, is disclosed. These materials contain a backbone segment, preferably a polyacrylate, and have pendant therefrom (1) reactive mono- or disubstituted olefinic groups, such as vinyl or allyl itaconate, and (2) water-solubilizing groups, such as the half ester of maleic acid. This class of materials, especially when combined with specifically-defined oxygen-activated catalyst systems, provides water-based paint compositions which exhibit film formation, strength and durability characteristics comparable to those of the best solvent-based paint formulations.

Abstract: A carboxylate component is introduced into an alkali metal initiated polymer by means of a sequence in which an epoxy compound is reacted with the polymer followed directly by contact with a cyclic acid anhydride to produce a polymer composition having a carboxylate salt group. The resulting composition can then be hydrolyzed to produce carboxy-containing polymer which is useful in applications such as sheet molding compounds.

Abstract: A thermoplastic resin composition having improved weld strength, said composition consisting essentially of(A) 45 to 94.9% by weight of polycarbonate resin,(B) 5 to 40% by weight of a rubber-modified styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer resin, and(C) 0.1 to 15% by weight of an epoxy resin and/or a phenoxy resin.

Abstract: Modified cis-1,4-polyisoprene rubber obtained by incorporating into cis-1,4-polyisoprene rubber a side chain formed by succinimide residue containing in the N position a hydrocarbon residue having at least one tertiary nitrogen atom. This rubber is excellent in green strength at ordinary room temperature, and flowability at an elevated temperature. Its vulcanizate is comparable to, or better than natural rubber in breaking strength and hardness.

Abstract: A linear low density polyethylene (a copolymer of ethylene and alpha-olefin) reacted with a carboxylic acid is disclosed. Laminates and compositions employing the modified polyethylene and/or synthetic rubber are also disclosed.

Abstract: A thickenable composition for sheet and bulk thermoset molding is described which comprises an adduct of a medium to high vinyl alkadiene polymer with a cyclic or acyclic anhydride of a mono or dicarboxylic acid, a thickening agent, an organic peroxide, and a liquid selected from the group consisting of water, liquid alkanols and mixtures thereof. Magnesium oxide and magnesium hydroxide are the preferred thickening agents.

Abstract: This invention relates to a preapplied adhesive coating which can be deposited onto parts (e.g., nuts and bolts, slip-fitted tubing, or flanges), and left for long periods of time prior to use. The preapplied adhesive coating is dry to the touch, yet when the parts are assembled, the composition will cure between the parts, sealing and bonding them. The composition is comprised of a polymerizable monomer, a binder system, an initiator, and an accelerator of polymerization. The binder system is comprised of a copolymer of an anhydride and a compound selected from the group consisting of arylenes, alkylenes, alkarylenes, aralkylenes, alkoxyalkylenes, alkoxyarylenes, aryloxyalkylenes, and aryloxyarylenes.This invention also concerns an article, particularly threaded fasteners and the like, which is coated with the preapplied adhesive coating.

Abstract: The method of masticating diene rubber in the presence of maleic acid or maleic anhydride together with sulfur or an organic sulfur compound capable of generating a thiyl radical is shown.Improved tack, green strength or both are realized in the treated diene rubber.

Abstract: Novel, unsaturated diacteylene-terminated polyimides and processes for their preparation are disclosed herein. These new polyimides are derivatives of anhydride-terminated aromatic polyimides from which they can be prepared by amidation to provide new unsaturated amide groups having a terminal group containing the structure --C.tbd.C--C.tbd.C--, hereinafter sometimes referred to as "conjugated diynes". These new compositions are more tractable than the original anhydride-terminated polyimides and can be converted at appropriate lower temperature to crosslinked, insoluble, infusible polymers without by-product formation, thereby extending greatly the applications for which the aromatic polyimides can be employed. Moreover, these new polyimides can undergo the Diels-Alder type of addition with a large number of dienophiles. Certain monomeric materials are also described.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a modified hydrocarbon resin free of indene. This resin is suitable for use as a binder in a printing ink. It is made from a hydrocarbon resin which is relatively unsuitable for use as a binder in a printing ink.

Abstract: Novel stable anaerobic compositions are prepared which contain, as a novel reactive thickener, a polymerizable polymeric adduct having pendant double bonds which is dissolved in a polymerizable monomeric diluent. The anaerobic compositions show improved performance properties. The thickener is prepared by reacting an anhydride-containing polymer with an excess of a C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 hydroxyalkyl acrylate or methacrylate (e.g. hydroxyethyl and hydroxypropyl methacrylate), optionally in the presence of (meth)acrylate monomers which are not reactive with the anhydride groups of the polymer and which act as an additional diluent. The polymer may be prepared by conventional free radical polymerization techniques using maleic, citraconic, and/or itaconic anhydride and an ethylenically unsaturated monomer (e.g. C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 alkyl acrylates or methacrylates or styrene).

Abstract: The physical properties of a nitrile barrier resin, particularly the tensile modulus, heat distortion temperature and processability, are improved by including therein a carboxylic acid processing aid and an alkaline filler material.

Abstract: Moldable polyolefin compositions exhibiting improved heat distortion and modulus characteristics, and a method of preparing such compositions are described. The method of preparing these polyolefin compositions comprises reacting(a) a graft-modified polyolefin obtained by reacting a polyolefin with an unsaturated polycarboxylic acid, ester or anhydride which is graft-polymerizable therewith, and(b) at least one organic hydroxy compound. These polyolefin compositions can be reinforced with fibers, minerals and fillers for particular applications.

Abstract: A heat resistant resin composition comprises 10 to 90 wt. % of a copolymer (A) having 15 to 50 wt. parts of N-phenylmaleimide component, 85 to 40 wt. parts of a vinyl aromatic monomer component and 0 to 30 wt. parts of a vinyl comonomer component to be 100 wt. parts in total; and 90 to 10 wt. % of a copolymer (B) having 15 to 30 wt. parts of a cyanovinyl monomer component, 85 to 65 wt. parts of a vinyl aromatic monomer component and 0 to 30 wt. parts of a vinyl comonomer component.

Abstract: A composition comprising a homogeneous blend of 95 to 5 parts by weight of an oxidation-curable type water-soluble resin and 5 to 95 parts by weight of a vinyl polymer obtained by polymerizing a vinyl monomer or monomers in the presence of a neutralized, water-soluble product of an adduct between a substantially amorphous polymer obtained by ring-opening polymerization of dicyclopentadiene and maleic acid or maleic anhydride. The composition is useful as a coating material, and has advantageous properties of both emulsions and water-soluble resins, such as good drying, good water resistance, good solvent resistance, good luster and good corrosion resistance.

Abstract: Emulsifiable ethylene containing low viscosity polyolefin waxes having improved properties are provided by reacting low viscosity ethylene containing polyolefin waxes having less than 0.1 percent unsaturation with an unsaturated polycarboxylic component and an amount of peroxide added incrementally during the reaction wherein the weight ratio of unsaturated polycarboxylic component to peroxide is about 1/1 to less than about 5/1.

Abstract: This invention describes an ionizing radiation sensitive material having high contrast, high sensitivity and comprised of a mixed half-ester or half amide of the reaction of an N-hydroxy or N-aminoalkyl amide and a hydroxy alkyl terminally unsaturated compound with an alkylvinyl ether-maleic anhydride copolymer. A typical material is made by reacting hydroxyethyl pyrrolidone and hydroxyethyl acrylate with octadecylvinyl ether-maleic anhydride copolymer.

Abstract: A process for the production of modified polypropylene particles by polymerizing vinyl monomers in aqueous suspension wherein (a) an aqueous suspension is prepared which, based on 100 to 2000 parts by weight of water, contains 100 parts by weight of polypropylene particles, 4 to 30 parts by weight of a polar vinyl monomer and based on 100 parts by weight of the monomer, 0.1 to 10 parts by weight of a radical chain polymerization initiator which has a half life of at least 2 h at a temperature of 80.degree. to 135.degree. C. and 10 to 1200 parts by weight of an organic solvent which is capable of swelling polypropylene, of which the boiling point at 760 Torr is at least 100.degree. C. and which is miscible with the monomers in any proportion; (b) the aqueous suspension is heated without decomposition of the initiator, the polypropylene being swollen and the monomer penetrating into the polypropylene, after which (c) the aqueous suspension is kept at temperatures of .gtoreq.85.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for reducing the volatility and improving the emulsifying power of an unsaturated or saturated cosmetic oil comprising heating the cosmetic oil, in the absence of a solvent and under an inert atmosphere, with a homopolymerizable and hydrophilic monomer in the presence of an initiator generating free radicals. The monomer is selected from the group consisting of N-vinylpyrrolidone, 2-hydroxymethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxymethyl methacrylate, acrylamide, methacrylamide, N-hydroxymethyl acrylamide, N-(carboxyhydroxy) methacrylamide, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, 2-vinylpyridine, 4-vinylpyridine and a monomer having the formula, ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen or methyl, Y is O or NH, r' is methyl or ethyl and n is 2 or 3. The resulting modified oil is then purified to remove any insoluble nongrafted homopolymer.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for controlling viscosity during the preparation of modified or grafted low viscosity polyethylene and ethylene/alpha olefin waxes comprising reacting the low viscosity waxes with an unsaturated polycarboxylic component in the presence of a free radical source and at least one viscosity stabilizer.

Abstract: Physical properties particularly including tensile modulus and heat-distortion temperature of high nitrile copolymer resins are improved by including therein a processing aid, such as tetra chloro phthalic anhydride, and a filler material, such as clay.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for preparing stable aqueous dispersions of ionomer resins. Intimate fusion blends of 100 parts of an ionomer resin and about 5 to 900 parts of an alkenyl succinic anhydride (the alkenyl group containing about 16 to 52 carbon atoms) are heated and stirred with an aqueous alkaline medium.

Abstract: A thermoplastic resin composition comprising (a) 5 to 40% by weight of a rubber-modified styrene/maleic anhydride copolymer resin and (b) 95 to 60% by weight of a polycarbonate resin as main components.

Abstract: A resist material for micro-fabrication comprising a polymer in which the polymer backbone has thereon a moiety of the formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group or an aryl group or an aralkyl group, the resist material being curable by electromagnetic radiation such as electron beams, X-rays or deep ultraviolet light with a wave length of less than about 3000A and being particularly suitable as a micro-fabrication resist material.

Abstract: A process for the production of ethylene graft copolymers containing anhydride or carboxyl groups in homogeneous or heterogeneous phase in tert.-butanol or methylene chloride wherein (A) from 5 to 70% by weight of a monomer mixture of: (a) from 10 to 80% by weight of a vinyl ester of an aliphatic C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 -monocarboxylic acid; and (b) from 90 to 30% by weight of maleic acid anhydride and/or its C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 -alkyl semiesters; are radically polymerized in the presence of (B) from 95 to 30% by weight of an ethylene homopolymer or an ethylene/vinyl ester copolymer as the graft substrate.

Abstract: A laminar thermoplastic resin structure comprising a plurality of thermoplastic resin layers is obtained by bonding thermoplastic resin layers with a layer, or layers, of a maleic acid-modified block copolymer of a conjugated diene and an aromatic vinyl monomer interposed therebetween.The laminar structure thus obtained possesses a high bonding strength at elevated temperatures, and also excellent processability since the bonding layer per se is of thermoplastic nature. Thus, this laminar structure is particularly suitable as a material for use at elevated temperatures, for example, a packaging material for retort sterilization or a pipe for conducting hot fluids.

Abstract: Particular maleimides work as gel-inhibitors during the addition reaction of maleic anhydride and diene polymers.

Abstract: This invention relates to the emulsifiable polyolefin waxes which are prepared by reacting pivalolactone with a polyolefin wax containing carboxyl groups and the process for their preparation whereby the carboxyl groups are converted into carboxylate anions and grafted with pivalolactone to prepare emulsifiable waxes having improved properties. Polyolefin waxes which contain carboxyl groups include oxidized high, medium and low density polyethylene waxes, oxidized ethylene/alpha-olefin waxes, ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer waxes, ethylene-methacrylic acid copolymer waxes and high, medium and low density polyethylene, polypropylene and ethylene/alpha-olefin copolymer waxes which have been grafted or reacted with an unsaturated polycarboxylic component.

Abstract: A molding composition having advantageous toughness and impact resistance is prepared by polymerizing a mixture of styrene and maleic anhydride in the presence of and adapted to incorporate from about 5 to about 25% of a high impact polystyrene containing from about 4 to about 16% rubber, said high impact polystyrene having an average molecular weight which is significantly higher than the average molecular weight of the completed molding composition. The composition is especially useful in molding fiber-reinforced articles. The composition has outstanding toughness when green. That is, hot and freshly molded articles can be removed from the mold with minimized breakage, thus decreasing the amount of scrap arising from the breakage of a green molded item at the time of being ejected and/or removed from a mold. Moreover, the composition is moldable throughout a wide range of conditions and is less sensitive to changes in molding conditions.

Abstract: A multi-layer laminate comprising at least one A-B double layer structure, characterized in that said layer A is a layer comprising at least one material selected from the group consisting of olefin polymers, polyamide polymers, acrylate polymers, polyether polymers, polycarbonate polymers, polyurethane polymers, vinylidene chloride polymers, thermosetting resins, vulcanized rubbers, glass and papers and said layer B is a layer comprising mainly a modified block copolymer in which an unsaturated carboxylic acid or its derivative is grafted on a styrene-butadiene block copolymer. Said laminate is excellent in interlaminar adhesion, i.e. peeling strength.

Abstract: Intimate fusion blends of 100 parts of an ionomer resin and about 5 to 900 parts of an alkenyl succinic anhydride (the alkenyl group containing about 16 to 52 carbon atoms) are provided. The compositions can be heated with aqueous alkaline solutions to form stable dispersions useful as coating compositions.

Abstract: The invention comprises a polymerizable liquid mixture of (a) a half ester characterized by the following empirical formula: ##STR1## wherein n is a number having an average value of about 1.5 to less than about 4, m is equal to the free valence of R less the average value of n, R is the hydroxyl-free residue of an organic polyol which contained from 2 to 4, inclusive, hydroxyl groups, OH, in formula (I) (b) maleic anhydride, (c) an epoxide containing two or more 1,2-epoxide radicals, (d) an ethylenically unsaturated monomer which forms a liquid homogeneous mixture with the half ester, maleic anhydride and epoxide, and (e) a basic compound.

Abstract: In a process for the mass polymerization of vinyl aromatic monomer wherein vinyl aromatic monomer is polymerized in successive stages of increasing temperature, the improvement which narrows the molecular weight distribution of the resulting polymer comprising incorporating a crosslinking agent into a polymerizing mass at a point where about 60 to about 95% of monomer is converted to polymer.

Abstract: Compatibilized polymer blends are described comprising a blend of olefin polymer, nitrile rubber, and a compatibilizing amount of block copolymer comprising nitrile rubber compatibilizing segments and olefin polymer compatibilizing segments.

Abstract: Compositions of matter having among other desirable characteristics strong adhesive properties to various substrates, these compositions comprising blends of a graft copolymer of a high density polyethylene and at least one unsaturated fused ring carboxylic acid anhydride blended with a polyethylene resin of one or more hompolymers of ethylene, copolymers of ethylene and alpha-olefin, ethylene-ester copolymers and one or more elastomers such as homopolymers of isobutylene, copolymers of isobutylene with isoprene, chlorinated copolymers of isobutylene and isoprene, homopolymers of isoprene, copolymers of butadiene and styrene, block copolymers of dienes and styrene where the diene is butadiene or isoprene, homopolymers of butadiene, homopolymers of chloroprene, and copolymers of acrylonitrile and butadiene.

Abstract: A process for producing a polymer having crosslinked structure, which comprises reacting a polymer having in the molecule a partial structure of the formula: ##STR1## with an oxazoline derivative of the general formula: ##STR2## wherein n is an integer of 1 to 4; R is an n-valent aromatic hydrocarbon radical; R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are respectively the same or different hydrogen or alkyls having not more than 3 carbon atoms.The polymer shows an excellent adherence, and is of great industrial value as coatings, adhesives and molding materials with by far improved heat and solvent resistance.

Abstract: An adduct of maleic anhydride and an elastomeric copolymer of ethylene, at least one C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 .alpha.-olefin, and at least one nonconjugated diene; the adduct having an inherent viscosity of at least one as measured on 0.1 gram of adduct dissolved in 100 milliliters of perchloroethylene at 30.degree. C. and having a gel content less than about 5 percent as measured by weight percent adduct insoluble in boiling tetrahydrofuran at atmospheric pressure after 48 hours. Also, a process of making the adduct and thermoplastic elastomers prepared from the adduct.