Abstract: Pourable rubber powders comprising particles having an average diameter of from 0.01 to 10 mm which contain, polymerized thereon, a shell of the polymer or copolymer of one or more vinyl monomers in a quantity of from 2 to 20% by weight, based on the rubber, and the core rubber is a latex polymer, the latex particles of which are composed of a core polymer and a sheath polymer, the core and sheath differing in their chemical composition and at least the sheath polymer being a diene or acrylate rubber having glass transition temperatures of below 0.degree. C., and a process for the preparation of such rubber powders, wherein a latex of an approximate rubber is completely broken with the formation of an aqueous suspension of the rubber; from 2 to 20% by weight, based on the rubber, of one or more vinyl monomers which form polymers having glass transition temperatures of above 25.degree. C.

Abstract: A nitrile based resin produced by graft polymerizing in the presence of a rubber, a first group of monomers in a first polymerization step, then a second group of monomers in a second polymerization step, and then a third group of monomers in a third polymerization step; wherein the resin comprises (A) 5 to 25 parts by weight of the rubber and (B) 75 to 95 parts by weight of (I) 5 to 40 weight percent of the product of the first polymerization step comprising .lambda.

Abstract: A process for the impact modification of a plastic with a rubbery polymer to form a thermoplastic resin in a reactor extruder is provided. The process includes the steps of dissolving a rubbery polymer in at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer to form a feed solution, introducing the feed solution into the feed section of a twin screw reactor extruder, heating the feed solution under pressure to a temperature sufficient for polymerization to begin, shearing the feed solution until the solids content formed is equal to at least about twice the rubber content in the feed solution so as to produce a phase inversion product wherein discrete particles of rubber become encapsulated in a continuous phase of plastic polymer formed from the ethylenically unsaturated monomer, thereafter reacting the phase inversion product until at least about 70 weight percent of the feed solution has been converted to a thermoplastic resin, and extruding the said thermoplastic resin through a die.

Abstract: There are provided two-part type adhesives composed of two liquid systems, exhibiting marked stabilization without impairing its adhesion property. One liquid system thereof comprises an acrylic monomer, an organic peroxide, and a metal salt of which the metal is an alkali metal, zinc or nickel; the other liquid system comprises an acrylic monomer and a curing accelerator; and at least one of the liquid systems further contains an elastomer.

Abstract: It has been found that the addition of small amounts of a benzoate or acetate ester of a polyfunctional hydroxy containing compound to an olefinic nitrile copolymer composition greatly increases the flowability and processibility of these thermoplastic copolymers.

Abstract: A non-bleeding, predispersed composition useful for dispersing a peroxide vulcanizing agent or coagent into a rubber or plastic stock is disclosed which comprises (A) from about 20 to about 70 percent by weight of a peroxide vulcanizing agent or coagent, and (B) a multi-stage graft copolymer comprising (1) from about 70 to about 90 percent by weight of a hard portion made by graft polymerizing (a) a monomer or monomers selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl methacrylates, styrene, and mixtures thereof, and (b) a small but effective amount of a cross-linking agent for said monomer or monomers, in any order onto (2) from about 10 to about 30 percent by weight of a rubbery portion comprising a polymer or copolymer made by polymerizing (a) a monomer selected from the group consisting of butadiene and lower alkyl acrylates or (b) a mixture of monomers selected from the group consisting of styrene and butadiene, and acrylonitrile and butadiene.

Abstract: A particulate graft polymer comprising (a) a core formed by a crosslinked homopolymer of a conjugated diene or a copolymer thereof with up to 10% by weight of styrene or acrylonitrile; (b) a first shell formed by a crosslinked homopolymer of an acrylic acid alkyl ester or a copolymer thereof with up to 30% by weight of vinyl monomers; (c) a second shell formed by a polymer of resin-forming monomers, a process for manufacturing these graft polymers by means of a multi-stage emulsion polymerization, and their application as molding compositions, optionally together with rigid thermoplastic resins.

Abstract: The physical properties of a nitrile barrier resin, particularly the tensile modulus, heat distortion temperature and processability, are improved by including therein a carboxylic acid processing aid and an alkaline filler material.

Abstract: A method of protecting submerged articles from fouling by applying a surface pellicle of a coating substance containing an anti-fouling amount of an organo metallic composition comprising a main chain consisting of a chlorinated polymer of a conjugated diene monomer such, for example, as a chlorinated polybutadiene of high 1, 2 units content, and at least one grafted chain formed at least partly of recurrent units having a pendant organotin group or tin salt function.

Abstract: A multiphase core//shell polymer comprising a crosslinked elastomer core and a rigid thermoplastic polymer shell comprising a mono alkyl maleate or fumarate, styrene and optionally a monomer selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1 to C.sub.8 alkyl acrylates and methacrylates, acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile. The core has an average particle diameter in the range of about 0.3 to about 0.8 micron and the rigid shell has a thickness of at least about 0.025 micron. The multiphase core//shell polymers are useful for blending with polyamides to provided toughened polyamide compositions.

Abstract: It has been discovered that nitrile barrier resin latexes containing a polyvinyl pyrrolidone compound are especially effective for coating various substrates.

Abstract: A composition with high impact resistance and little fish eyes content, comprising 97 to 60 parts by weight of a polyvinyl chloride-base resin and 3 to 40 parts by weight of a graft copolymer obtained by the three-stage graft-polymerization of 65 to 25 parts by weight of a monomer combination (B) comprising 12 to 57% by weight of methyl methacrylate, 1 to 24% by weight of at least one of alkyl acrylates having a C.sub.

Abstract: A synthetic resin laminated structure is produced by bonding together in a molten state a layer of a (I) nitrile barrier resin, (II) a layer of a polymer mixture comprising a nitrile barrier resin and a halogenated polyolefin, and (III) a layer of a thermoplastic resin. The thermoplastic resins useful in this invention include polyolefins such as polyethylene and polypropylene, polyvinylchlorides, styrene containing polymers such as ABS, SAN and polystyrene, polycarbonates, polyurethanes, polysulfones, polyamides and nitrile barrier resins.

Abstract: Physical properties particularly including tensile modulus and heat-distortion temperature of high nitrile copolymer resins are improved by including therein a processing aid, such as tetra chloro phthalic anhydride, and a filler material, such as clay.

Abstract: As an impact modifier copolymer to be blended with a vinyl chloride resin, a multilayer copolymer comprising a hard core polymer containing a relatively small quantity of a conjugated diene, a rubbery inner layer polymer containing a relatively large quantity of a conjugated diene, and an outer layer polymer comprising, for example, a copolymer of styrene and methyl methacrylate which is compatible with a vinyl chloride resin is used, whereby a vinyl chloride resin composition well balanced between impact strength and anti-stress-whitening property can be obtained.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing terpolymer polyblends having high gloss and ductility in formed articles, wherein, rubber particles in an aqueous latex are reacted with an alkenyl aromatic, alkenyl nitrile and alkyl acrylate monomer formulation such that said rubber particles become grafted with at least a portion of said monomers while said monomers form a matrix terpolymer phase of said monomers followed by separating said matrix phase terpolymer and said grafted rubber particles from said latex as a terpolymer polyblend. The invention also relates to a composition of said process.

Abstract: An improved adhesive composition formed by combining two parts. One part includes one or more polymerizable materials comprising one or more acrylate or methacrylate groups per molecule and a source of free radicals comprising an organic peroxide, hydroperoxide, perester or peracid. The other part includes an activator which is a specifically defined organic material which can cooperate with the source of free radicals to initiate addition polymerization of the polymerizable materials.

Abstract: A process for grafting functional organic groups onto EPM and EPDM polymers wherein the grafting reaction is carried out in the cement in which the polymer is originally formed by solution polymerization.

Abstract: Thermoplastic molding materials which contain a copolymer which has been made impact-resistant with a rubber. The copolymer is produced by polymerizing a mixture of a monovinyl-aromatic compound and an acrylic acid derivative or methacrylic acid derivative in the presence of a rubber. The folding materials contain a specific proportion of soft component. The diameter of the particles of the soft component, and the swelling index of the soft component, lie within a specific range, and the tensile strength of the molding material is higher than the yield strength.

Abstract: High nitrile copolymers are rendered impact resistant by inclusion therein of small amounts of epoxidized vegetable oils.

Abstract: Impact-resistant polymers having excellent color, clarity and low permeability to gases and vapors are prepared by polymerizing in a specified manner an olefinically unsaturated nitrile such as acrylonitrile, an ester of an olefinic acid such as methyl acrylate, or a vinyl ester such as vinyl acetate, and a vinyl aromatic monomer such as styrene optionally in the presence of a diene rubber.

Abstract: An EPM or EPDM type of elastomer is modified by graft copolymerization with acylic ester type of monomeric material, said monomeric material being material whose homopolymer has a glass transition temperature of not greater than 6.degree. C., in an amount sufficient to provide an ester group (--COO--) content of from 25 to 40% by weight, to yield a mixed copolymerizate vulcanizable to a heat and oil resistant elastomeric state.

Abstract: A graft copolymer is obtained by graft-polymerizing an ethylenically unsaturated monomer onto a rubber trunk polymer which is a copolymer of a polyalkylene oxide monomer comprising 4 to 500 alkylene oxide groups together with an ethylenic unsaturation, and a conjugated diene and/or an alkyl acrylate. By adding an anionic surfactant to a base resin which comprises this graft copolymer alone or a mixture of this graft copolymer and another thermoplastic resin, an antistatic resin composition can be obtained. The resin composition thus obtained possesses excellent and permanent antistatic property that is not lowered by washing or wiping as is the case with conventional antistatic resins comprising an antistatic agent.

Abstract: What is disclosed are a method for making a transparent impact-resistant polymer comprising a rubbery phase of grafted polybutadiene and a hard copolymer phase, which polymer is adaptable to use as a molding material, which method comprises:(1) in a first polymerization stage, dissolving a solid polybutadiene rubber in a monomer mixture comprising (a) methyl methacrylate, (b) styrene, and (c) at least one of methyl acrylate or ethyl acrylate to give a solution containing from 3 to 10 percent by weight of said rubber, and then polymerizing the solution using an initiator promoting graft copolymerization and in the presence ab initio of a chain transfer agent until an amount of said monomer mixture which is one to two times the weight of said polybutadiene rubber introduced is converted, said monomers (a), (b), and (c) being present in said monomer mixture in a ratio by weight of (73.+-.5): (22.+-.2); (5.+-.

Abstract: A multiphase core//shell polymer comprising a crosslinked elastomer core and a rigid thermoplastic polymer shell comprising a mono alkyl maleate or fumarate, styrene and acrylonitrile. The core has an average particle diameter in the range of about 0.3 to about 0.8 micron and the rigid shell has a thickness of at least about 0.25 micron. The multiphase core//shell polymers are useful for blending with polyamides to provided toughened polyamide compositions.

Abstract: A crosslinkable compound obtained by reacting an aromatic hydrocarbon-formaldehyde resin with an .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid or an ester thereof has no odor or very slight odor. Said crosslinkable compound can be radical polymerized at a low temperature to give a cured article having excellent electrical insulating properties. Said crosslinkable compound can also be used as one component of a resin composition containing an unsaturated polyester resin or a polybutadiene resin modified with acrylic or methacrylic acid to give an odorless or low-odor resin composition suitable for producing reinforced plastics, paints and varnishes, adhesives, electrical parts, etc.

Abstract: Physical properties particularly including tensile modulus and heat-distortion temperature of high nitrile copolymer resins are improved by including therein a processing aid, such as tetra chloro phthalic anhydride, and a filler material, such as clay.

Abstract: A transparent resin composition comprising (1) 6 to 100% by weight of a nitrile graft copolymer comprising a rubber trunk polymer and a branch polymer grafted thereon, which has been obtained by graft-polymerizing onto the rubber trunk polymer a monomer mixture containing an unsaturated nitrile and a monomer copolymerizable therewith, and (2) 0 to 94% by weight of a random copolymer of an unsaturated nitrile and a monomer copolymerizable therewith, the resin components of the resin composition other than the rubber trunk polymer constituting a matrix resin, wherein(a) said rubber trunk polymer has a glass transition temperature of not higher than 0.degree. C. and constitutes 4 to 25% by weight of the resin composition,(b) the unsaturated nitrile constitutes 25 to 90% by weight of the matrix resin in the resin composition,(c) the difference in the refractive indexes between the rubber trunk polymer and the matrix resin is not more than 0.

Abstract: A continuous process for producing rubber-modified methyl methacrylate syrups which comprises continuously supplying a material liquor comprising 1 to 20 parts by weight of a rubbery polymer dissolved in 100 parts by weight of a monomer comprising 60 to 100% by weight of methyl methacrylate, and a radical-polymerization initiator to the first reaction zone, continuously polymerizing at such a stationary conversion that the rubber polymer is dispersed in the form of particles form while maintaining the temperature and residence time in the zone so that a steady state is achieved in the zone and the steady-state concentration of the initiator in the zone is 1/2 to 1/1,000 time as much as the concentration of initiator supplied, continuously taking out the resulting reaction mixture from the zone, and passing it through the second reaction zone having a volume of 0 to 5 times as much as that of the first reaction zone, to obtain a stable syrup comprising a disperse phase and a continuous phase, the former phase

Abstract: The adhesive or adhesive component according to the invention, which contains a vinyl monomer, a vinyl polymer, a compound producing free radicals, and, as an adhesion promoter, an acid amide or imide which is substituted on the nitrogen atom by a chlorosulfonated alkyl, aryl or aralkyl group, forms, together with an amine accelerator, an adhesive with which heat-, oil- and water-resistant bonds, for example of metals, polymeric materials, glass and ceramics, having very high tensile shearing strength can be obtained. The adhesive can also be converted into the form of a dried sheet, with or without carrier, and in this form can be used for bonding.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for preparing graft polymers of alpha-substituted-beta-propiolactones, comprising the step of providing anionic sites in an amorphous base polymer and reacting the anionic compound with an alpha-substituted-beta-propiolactone. Critical concentrations of unsaturation in the base polymer and critical quantities of the beta-propiolactone concerned are indicated.

Abstract: Graft-polymers of,.alpha.,.alpha.'-disubstituted .beta.-propiolactones on isobutylene-triene copolymers are prepared by reacting an isobutylene-triene copolymer with maleic anhydride and possibly with other functionalizing agents adapted to introduce acid and ester groups in the copolymer molecule and by neutralizing or hydrolyzing, or both, with a tetraalkylammonium base, said functional groups, said neutralization or hydrolysis, or both, being followed by a grafting reaction with pivalolactone.

Abstract: Flame retardation of 1,2-polybutadiene based upon the use of halogenated bisphenol bisacrylate reactive flame retardants, for example, 2,2-bis(4-methacryloyl-3,5-dibromophenyl)-propane. Flame retardancy performance of UL 94 V-0 or V-1 has been achieved without impairing desirable dielectric properties and heat resistance inherently possessed by 1,2-polybutadiene. If an aromatic bismaleimide modifier, for example, N,N'-4,4'-diphenylmethane bismaleimide, is jointly used, a thermal expansion coefficient less than a half of the thermal expansion coefficient of cured 1,2-polybutadiene can be achieved.

Abstract: Paper coating compositions having an improved combination of properties are prepared by admixing, in the normal proportions and by conventional techniques, one or more conventional paper coating pigments with a particular type of synthetic polymer latex. In such compositions, the particular latex employed is alkali-sensitive and is prepared by emulsion polymerizing (A) from about 10 to about 90 parts by weight of a monomer mixture comprising, based upon the weight of such monomer mixture, (1) from about 10 to about 60 weight percent of an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer and (2) from about 40 to about 90 weight percent of a copolymerizable monoolefin compound in the presence of (B) from about 10 to about 90 parts by weight, on a polymer solids basis, of a copolymer latex comprising a monovinylidene aromatic monomer such as styrene and an open-chain aliphatic conjugated diene such as butadiene.

Abstract: Organo metallic polymer compositions useful as constituents of anti-fouling paints for marine structures, comprising a main chain consisting of a chlorinated conjugated diene polymer such, for example, as a chlorinated polybutadiene of high 1, 2 units content, and at least one grafted chain formed at least partly of recurrent units having a pendant organotin group or tin salt function.

Abstract: The toughness of thermoplastic polyesters can essentially be improved by addition of a new type of graft polymers which contain one grafting site for about 400 to 2000 carbon atoms, the average molecular weight M.sub.w of the graft branches being from 2000 to 40,000.

Abstract: Process for, and composites made by, coating a polymer layer onto a support, obtained by quenching a solution of the polymer to form a polymer suspension, by spreading the suspension on the support, and thereafter eliminating the solvent. The resulting coating of polymer preferably may thereafter be fused. Application of said process to the production also composites comprising an aluminum film and a film thermally bonded to said support by a thin intermediate layer of a copolymer formed of acrylic acid grafted with polyethylene or polypropylene, said layer having been applied by the foregoing process.

Abstract: Polymers containing imide units and a process of imidizing acrylic polymers to any desired degree of imidization without the use of added water or solvent.

Abstract: A solid tire and wheel assembly for vehicle moving through a tubular conduit having excellent abrasion resistance particularly excellent uneven wear resistance is produced by forming a composition layer composed of (a) a diene elastomer, (b) .alpha.,.beta.-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid, (c) a divalent metal compound and (d) an organic peroxide on the outer circumferential surface of the metal rim of the wheel and curing said layer by heating.

Abstract: Nitrile polymer solids having good stability against loss of impact strength and resin yellowing are recovered from latex with minimal or no use of stabilizers in a screw extruder.

Abstract: A vulcanizable elastomeric composition comprising(a) from about 89-40%, by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, of an acrylic acid ester, or mixture thereof, having the formula ##STR1## wherein R is an alkyl (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4) radical, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 OR', wherein R' is an alkyl (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4) radical, or --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CN;(b)from about 10-45%, by weight, same basis, of bis(2-methoxyethyl)fumarate, bis(2-methoxyethyl)maleate, or mixtures thereof,(c) from about 1-10%, by weight, same basis, of an unsaturated monomer containing a halogen atom or an epoxy group, and(d) from 0 to 5%, by weight, of polybutadiene, polychloroprene or polyisoprene.

Abstract: A process for preparing a curable coating resin comprising the steps of hydrogenating selectively the double bonds of a resin produced from a five-membered cyclic compound such as dicyclopentadiene and an unsaturated hydroxyl group-containing compound such as allyl alcohol and then esterifying the thus hydrogenated hydroxyl group-containing resin with acrylic and/or methacrylic acid thereby to obtain a curable coating resin; and a curable coating resin obtained by said process.

Abstract: A continuous, single stage process for grafting methyl methacrylate polymer or copolymer onto a synthetic rubber, and the resultant graft polymers which have a dispersed rubber phase in a continuous hard phase are disclosed.

Abstract: In a process for producing a casting plate of polymethyl methacrylate by continuously subjecting a methyl methacrylate monomer or a syrup containing soluble polymeric resins in the methyl methacrylate monomer to casting polymerization, an improvement which comprises adding a sulfur-containing compound represented by the formula:A--S-R).sub.n S-Bwherein n is an integer of 0 to 10, R is an alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and A and B are the same or different and are each a --(CH.sub.2).sub.m --CH(XY) group in which m is an integer of 0 to 23, X is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or a methyl group and Y is a hydrogen atom, a cyano group, a --OCOCH.sub.3 group, a --COOR' group or a --COSR" group, R' and R" being each an alkyl group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, and a surfactant to the starting monomer or syrup to obtain the casting plate having an improved thermal stability.

Abstract: Graft polyblends prepared by polymerizing acrylate ester monomers or mixtures of acrylate ester monomers and vinyl aromatic monomers in the presence of a rubbery saturated hydrocarbon polymer substrate are useful as modifiers for PVC, imparting improved flow and impact properties to PVC formulations when employed at low levels. The rubbery saturated hydrocarbon substrates useful for these purposes include mono-olefin polymers such as polyisobutylene, rubbery copolymers such as EPR, and rubbery hydrogenated polymers and copolymers of conjugated dienes.