Abstract: Continuous halogenation of olefinically unsaturated rubber is achieved in an extruder-reactor employing reactants, conditions and design features directed to maximizing mixing and contact of the rubber with the halogenating agent and neutralizing agent while simultaneously minimizing side reactions and polymer degradation. The rubber passes through three extruder-reactor zones under controlled conditions to achieve halogenation: feed, reaction, and neutralization; optionally a wash and exit zone can be utilized. The halogenated rubber, for example, halogenated butyl rubber can be vulcanized in the absence of sulfur, e.g., with zinc oxide and stearic acid, and is useful in all applications where commercially available chlorinated and brominated rubbers are presently employed.

Abstract: A batch process for the halogenation of solid polymeric or metallic material comprising the following steps:(a) providing a closed system comprising a chamber containing air at about atmospheric pressure and having inlet and outlet means, a heat exchanger, and a circulation pump, all connected in series;(b) introducing the material into the chamber;(c) heating the chamber and the material to a selected temperature in the range of about 100.degree. F. to about 200.degree. F. by recirculating the air through the heat exchanger;(d) evacuating the system;(e) introducing a halogen into the system in an amount (i) of up to about 10 percent in excess of the theoretical amount of halogen required to halogenate the polymeric material to a desired depth and (ii) sufficient to provide a partial pressure in the system in the range of about 0.

Abstract: A chlorinated polyethylene elastomer is made by mixing polyethylene with water to form an aqueous suspension of the polyethylene and simultaneously chlorinating and grafting a cure site on the polyethylene by mixing and heating the aqueous suspension containing a free radical initiator, gaseous chlorine and about 0.1-1.5 moles per kg of polyethylene of an alkyl or alkylaryl monester of butenedioic acid having the formulas ##STR1## or mixtures thereof, where R.sub.1 is an alkyl or alkylaryl group having from about 8-20 carbon atoms and R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are hydrogen, chlorine or an alkyl group having from about 1-4 carbon atoms.

Abstract: This invention relates to polyalkylenes which contain both halogen and ester groups, to the preparation thereof, and to the use thereof as pour depressants for fuel oils. This invention also relates to polyalkylene esters.

Abstract: In a batch process for the treatment of the surface of a solid polymeric material by a gas reactive therewith comprising the following steps:(a) providing a closed system comprising a chamber;(b) introducing the material into the chamber;(c) heating the chamber and the material to a selected temperature in the range of about 100.degree. F. to about 200.degree. F.;(d) evacuating the system;(e) introducing the reactive gas into the system in an amount (i) of up to about 10 percent in excess of the theoretical amount of gas required to react with the surface of the polymeric material to a desired depth and (ii) sufficient to provide a partial pressure in the system in the range of about 0.

Abstract: A fluoroelastomer composition comprising a fluoroelastomer, an acid acceptor and a hydrofluoric acid salt of 4,4'-alkylenebis(cyclohexylamine) as a curing agent, which has an excellent scorching resistance and an excellent curing reactivity.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for photochlorinating poly(vinyl chloride), ("PVC"), suspended in liquid chlorine ("Cl.sub.2 ") which swells the PVC and permits chlorination to occur in a gel phase. PVC starting material is in the form of solid free-flowing macrogranules which are slurried in from about 5 to about 50 times their weight of liquid Cl.sub.2 in a reaction zone maintained at a temperature in the range from about -50.degree. C. to about 50.degree. C., and a pressure sufficient to maintain the chlorine in its liquid state. Since liquid Cl.sub.2 itself swells the PVC to provide a gel phase in which photochlorination occurs, no conventional chlorinated hydrocarbon swelling agents, catalytic materials and the like are necessary. The process may be operated as a batch process, or a continuous process. Typical chlorine content of PVC is about 56.7 percent by weight (% by wt.), and the product of chlorination is chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride), ("CPVC"). When formed, this CPVC is dissolved in the liquid Cl.sub.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a process for making fine particulate, non-agglomerating chloropolyethylene by subjecting pulverulent polyethylene to a chlorination reaction in aqueous or aqueous/hydrochloric acid-suspension with chlorine gas at a temperature of about 20.degree. to 140.degree. C. in the presence of silicic acid and silicon oil, separating, washing and drying the chloropolyethylene. More particularly, the disclosure provides for the chlorination to be terminated and for the aqueous hydrochloric acid-suspension of chloropolyethylene to be then intensively mixed with an aqueous or aqueous/hydrochloric acid-dispersion having talc as well as an orthophosphoric acid mono- and/or diester or a polysiloxane by means of an emulsifier dispersed in it, and for the chloropolyethylene to be separated from the mixture, to be washed and dried.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of a chlorinated polymer having a chlorine content of from 30 to 70% by weight, which comprises chlorinating a polymer in a chlorinated hydrocarbon solvent, removing the solvent using steam and/or hot water in the presence of at least 1% by weight, based on the chlorinated polymer, of an alkoxylation product of 1 mole of a primary aliphatic alcohol containing at least 8 carbon atoms and at least 1.5 moles of propylene oxide and drying the precipitated chlorinated polymer.

Abstract: Amorphous, chlorinated ethylene polymers which have relatively low blocking tendencies in the absence of antiblock additives are prepared in a multi-step process. The process involves reacting porous, solid, finely divided, high density polyethylene particles with gaseous chlorine in the presence of a free radical initiator while said particles are agitated or maintained in a fluidized bed state. In a first step, addition of gaseous chlorine is started while the agitated particles are at a temperature of less than about 50.degree. Centigrade. Little, if any, chlorination takes place in the first step. In a second step, the agitated particles are chlorinated to a level of from about 5 to about 14 percent while the temperature of said particles is increased to a temperature within a temperature range of from about 50.degree. Centrigrade to about 105.degree. Centigrade.

Abstract: Butadiene polymer dissolved in solvent is reacted with chlorine, bromine or a mixture thereof in the presence of aluminum-containing material to produce halogenated butadiene polymer. The presence of the aluminum-containing material reduces crosslinking of the halogenated butadiene polymer product. Exemplary aluminum-containing materials are trialkyl aluminum, dialkyl aluminum halide, alkyl aluminum dihalide, alkyl aluminum sesquihalide, aluminum trihalide and their mixtures. The preferred butadiene polymer starting material is polybutadiene having at least about 90 mole percent cis-1,4-configuration.

Abstract: Polymers having a substantially completely fluorinated surface of low surface energy and substantially free of oxygen and having a thickness up to about 200 Angstroms, the remainder of the polymer comprising a non-fluorinated polymer.

Abstract: Continuous halogenation of olefinically unsaturated rubber is achieved in an extruder - reactor employing reactants, conditions and design features directed to maximizing mixing and contact of the rubber with the halogenating agent and neutralizing agent while simultaneously minimizing side reactions and polymer degradation. The rubber passes through five extruder-reactor zones under controlled conditions to achieve halogenation: feed, reaction, neutralization, wash and exit. The halogenated rubber, for example, halogenated butyl rubber can be vulcanized in the absence of sulfur, e.g., with zinc oxide and stearic acid, and is useful in all applications where commercially available chlorinated and brominated rubbers are presently employed.

Abstract: A process for obtaining a dense ion-exchange anionic resin and the product so obtained. The resin is of the type based on a co-polymer of styrene and divinylbenzene. The process involves a liquid phase treatment comprising contacting the resin with bromide in a liquid phase and simultaneously charging the liquid phase with gaseous chlorine while in contact with the resin for reaction to provide a styrene divinylbenzene copolymer ion-exchange anionic resin containing bromine and chlorine groups.

Abstract: Polybutadiene having high cis-1,4-configuration and dissolved in substantially anhydrous liquid organic solvent is reacted with chlorine, bromine or a mixture thereof. The solvent consists essentially of a mixture of one or more perhalogenated alkanes and one or more partially halogenated alkanes and fine particles of substantially thermoplastic halogenated polybutadiene precipitate from the solvent. The fine particles are separated from the bulk of the solvent.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the preparation of chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride), (hereinafter "CPVC" for brevity), in the form of free-flowing macrogranules which are derived from solid free-flowing macrogranules of poly(vinyl chloride), (hereinafter "PVC" for brevity), by causing from about 0.6 to about 3.0 parts by weight (wt) of liquid chlorine which are absorbed perunit wt of solid PVC macrogranules to react with the PVC, without shedding reacted material from the macrogranules. The macrogranules of PVC containing absorbed liquid chlorine held therewithin, are maintained in a wetted but free-flowing, apparently dry reaction mass (due to which the process is referred to as "the relatively dry chlorination" or "the low liquid chlorine" process), in a reaction zone maintained at a temperature in the range from about -50.degree. C. to about 50.degree. C., and a pressure sufficient to maintain the chlorine in its liquid state.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for recovering chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) ("CPVC") which is dissolved in liquid chlorine ("Cl.sub.2 ") to form a CPVC solution. CPVC is recovered by adding the CPVC solution to a halogenated lower alkaline ("HLA"), which is simultaneously an excellent solvent for liquid Cl.sub.2 and a very poor solvent for CPVC. This peculiar property causes the CPVC to be precipitated from the three-component mixture as a finely divided solid with different morphological properties than if the HLA was added to the CPVC solution. The solid CPVC precipitated may then be separated from the solution of liquid Cl.sub.2 in the HLA. This solution of Cl.sub.2 in HLA is further separated into its component liquids, namely HLA and liquid Cl.sub.2 which are then each reused.

Abstract: A mixture of brominated oligomeric polystyrenes, having a degree of polymerization of from 3 to 400, and low molecular weight brominated aromatic compounds of the diphenyl ether type is obtained by polymerizing the non-brominated starting materials, in a halohydrocarbon solvent, using a Lewis acid catalyst. The reaction mixture is then brominated and extracted with water to remove hydrogen bromide and catalyst, and the solvent and volatile constituents are separated from the product. The bromination is carried out at from -30.degree. C. to +130.degree. C. The final mixtures have a low melt viscosity and are therefore particularly suitable for incorporation, as a flameproofing agent, into thermoplastics.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for making polyfunctional N-chloramide derivatives of homo--or copolymers of acrylamide or metharylamide wherein a homo--or copolymer of acrylamide or methacrylamide is chlorinated by means of chloride in a dilute aqueous suspension of a mineral acid at a temperature of 0.degree. to 40.degree. C.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for photochlorinating poly(vinyl chloride), ("PVC"), suspended in liquid chlorine ("Cl.sub.2 ") which swells the PVC and permits chlorination to occur in a gel phase. PVC starting material is in the form of solid free-flowing macrogranules which are slurried in from about 5 to about 50 times their weight of liquid Cl.sub.2 in a reaction zone maintained at a temperature in the range from about -50.degree. C. to about 50.degree. C., and a pressure sufficient to maintain the chlorine in its liquid state. Since liquid Cl.sub.2 itself swells the PVC to provide a gel phase in which photochlorination occurs, no conventional chlorinated hydrocarbon swelling agents, catalytic materials and the like are necessary. The process may be operated as a batch process, or a continuous process. Typical chlorine content of PVC is about 56.7 percent by weight (% by wt), and the product of chlorination is chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride), ("CPVC"). When formed, this CPVC is dissolved in the liquid Cl.sub.

Abstract: Brominated cycloaliphatic (meth) acrylate compositions are prepared by the reaction of bromine at a temperature in the range from -30.degree. C. to 50.degree. C. with compositions made by reacting (meth) acrylic acid with dicyclopentadiene compositions in the presence of a Friedel-Crafts catalyst such as BF.sub.3.The brominated compositions are useful to make copolymers which find use as metal coatings, laminates, ultraviolet light curable coatings and the like.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine, wherein a polyvinylpyrrolidone which has been subjected to hydrogenation is reacted with iodine in a conventional manner. The novel process is particularly suitable for use with low molecular weight polyvinylpyrrolidone, having a K value of from 10 to 20.

Abstract: Partially unsaturated polymers are dissolved in a two component solvent comprising a first component having a reactivity toward ozone less than carbon-carbon double bonds but more reactive than carbon-carbon single bonds and a second component being inert toward ozone. Introduction of ozone into the solution produces ozonides which are readily cleft into difunctional aliphatic species that can be converted to e.g. carboxy-terminated or multifunctional carboxy substituted aliphatic compounds. These may be used as monomeric species in various polymerization schemes as such, in preparation of polyamides, for example, or may be reduced to aldehydes or alcohols to be used in the preparation of such polymers as polyesters, polyurethanes, poly (Schiff bases), etc. The carboxylated products may also be employed as ionomers, which are useful as surfactants. Monocarboxyl terminated polyethylene having a number average molecular weight of from about 4,000 to 100,000 are provided.

Abstract: Small particles of cellulose-containing plants and an oxidated silicon compound are mixed with an alkali metal hydroxide then heated to 150.degree. to 220.degree. C. while agitating thereby producing an alkali metal broken down lignin-cellulose silicate polymer which is then reacted with a polysubstituted organic compound to produce a broken down lignin-cellulose silicate copolymer.

Abstract: This invention relates to a chlorinated polymer and a coating composition employing the same which is characterized by being comprized of chlorinated polymethylpentene obtained by uniformly chlorinating an isotactic poly-4-methylpentene-1 having the melt index of 8-70 g/10 min. at 260.degree. C. and 5 kg, (ASTM D 1238-65T) in a solution thereof, to not less than 50 weight % of chlorine content.

Abstract: Small particles of cellulose-containing plants and an oxidated silicon compound are mixed with an alkali metal hydroxide then heated to 150.degree. to 220.degree. C. while agitating thereby producing an alkali metal broken down lignin-cellulose silicate polymer which is then reacted with a polysubstituted organic compound to produce a broken down lignin-cellulose silicate copolymer.

Abstract: Small particles of cellulose-containing plants are mixed with an alkali metal hydroxide and an oxidated silicon compound, then heated to 150.degree. C. to 220.degree. C. while agitating, thereby producing a broken-down lignin-cellulose silicate polymer which is then reacted with a substituted organic compound to produce an organic broken-down lignin-cellulose silicate polymer and may be used as molding powder and as a coating agent.

Abstract: Halogenation of organic polymers having pendant anhydride groups as such, or when said halogenation is followed by reaction of the pendant anhydride groups with nucleophiles, yields novel halogenated derivatives of said polymers.

Abstract: Lithium metal-terminated polymers of one or more alkadienes and of one or more monoalkenyl arenes are coupled by reaction with a mixture of two different coupling agents having different functionality.

Abstract: Surfaces of articles formed from (1) normally solid polymers of aliphatic mono-1-olefins and (2) elastomeric and resinous polymers of conjugated dienes and vinyl-substituted aromatic compounds are conditioned by contact with a fluorine-containing gas under conditions and for a period of time sufficient to render the surface receptive to adhesives, coatings, paints, inks, decorations, and the like. The fluorine-containing gas can be pure or admixed with up to about 99 volume percent inert gas.

Abstract: A process for preparing a fluorine-containing polymer having carboxyl groups, which comprises subjecting a fluorine-containing polymer having sulfonyl halide groups bonded to it to an oxidation reaction at a temperature of not more than 250.degree. C.; and a process for electrolysis, using as a diaphragm a member of the polymer obtained by the above process.

Abstract: A heterogeneous catalytic process for dehydrohalogenating allylically halogenated olefinic hydrocarbon polymers to produce conjugated diene unsaturated polymeric products is disclosed comprising employing certain metal containing catalyst compositions, especially activated alumina supported copper containing catalysts. The process is especially suitable for the preparation of conjugated diene butyl elastomers from halogenated butyl rubber and produces products having relatively high reactivity levels in terms of active diene content.

Abstract: Compositions of and methods for the preparation of polyvinylpyridine and iodine (PVP.nI.sub.2) as cathode materials for electrochemical cells.

Abstract: Small particles of cellulose-containing plants and an oxidated silicon compound are mixed with an alkali metal hydroxide then heated to 150.degree. to 220.degree. C. while agitating thereby producing an alkali metal broken down lignin-cellulose silicate polymer which is then reacted with a polysubstituted organic compound to produce a broken down lignin-cellulose silicate copolymer.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for preparing polyisocyanate silicate plastics by reaction of an alkali metal cellulose silicate condensation product with a compound having at least two isocyanate groups to produce a polyisocyanate silicate prepolymer. The prepolymer is then reacted with an organic compound to produce a polyisocyanate silicate plastic.

Abstract: The molecular weight of chlorine containing elastomers are increased by adding sulphur compounds before or during the chlorination of elastomers.

Abstract: Preparation and use of polyvinylpyridine and iodine (PVP.n I.sub.2) as cathode materials for electrochemical cells.

Abstract: Fluorinated low energy polymer surfaces are provided by fluorinating a hydrocarbon polymer with ions or radicals of fluorinated species in a cold plasma.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for preparing polyisocyanate silicate plastics by reaction of an alkali metal cellulose silicate condensation product with a compound having at least two isocyanate groups to produce a polyisocyanate silicate prepolymer. The prepolymer is then reacted with an organic compound to produce a polyisocyanate silicate plastic.

Abstract: Alicyclic organomonolithium compounds having delocalized conjugated unsaturation are effective initiators in the preparation of polymers of conjugated dienes. Polymers of conjugated dienes, prepared with or without the alicyclic organomonolithium compounds, are terminated with alicyclic compounds having conjugated unsaturation. Either or both approaches can be used to provide polymers containing alicylic conjugated unsaturated functional groups. Alternatively, polymers prepared from the alicyclic organomonolithium compounds can be coupled to produce linear or branched polymers. Polymers prepared from multichelic lithium compounds also can be terminated with alicyclic conjugated unsaturated compounds.

Abstract: Monovinyl aromatic polymers are modified by reacting with elemental alkali metal and a conjugated diene to produce polymers having branches containing olefinic unsaturation. The olefinically unsaturated branches provide reactive sites which are readily reacted with various substances to obtain numerous variations in the properties of the monovinyl aromatic polymers.

Abstract: A solution of butyl rubber in an inert solution such as n-hexane is halogenated in a continuous process using bromine chloride vapor and high intensity mixing means for both the halogenation and subsequent neutralization steps. Adjustment of the mole ratio of bromine chloride to isoprene, where an isobutylene-isoprene butyl copolymer is used, to less than about 1.5 to 1 prevents overhalogenation and significant molecular weight loss, while the use of bromine chloride vapor results in improved process safety.The doubly halogenated product, containing both bromine and chlorine in its structure can be vulcanized in the absence of sulfur, e.g., with zinc oxide. It is particularly useful in rubber compositions where the singly halogenated product is employed, but demonstrates product performance advantages compared to both brominated butyl rubber and chlorinated butyl rubber.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the preparation of high density resins by bromination of particles of crosslinked vinylaromatic copolymers of either the gel type or the ionic or non-ionic macroporous type. The invention is characterized in that crosslinked vinylaromatic polymer particles which have been swollen in a solvent are contacted with bromine or a bromine releasing agent in the presence of an oxidizing agent.

Abstract: Isobutylene-based elastomers containing 3-15 mol percent enchained cyclic diolefin such as cyclopentadiene, and other comonomers such as isoprene, piperylene and butadiene to allow for chemical modification with anhydride, carboxy, hydroxy, etc. to produce a one package through cure system.

Abstract: Polymers of p-methyl styrene can be cross-linked with chemical cross-linking agents, such as peroxides, to produce insoluble products. The methyl styrene used has a high content of the para-isomer. An important end use is for rigid food or beverage containers subjected to thermal conditions.

Abstract: A process is described for the preparation of a polymer having a recurring unit of the formula: ##STR1## where R is hydrogen or methyl, C.sub.n H.sub.2n is lower-alkylene, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are aryl or lower-alkyl, and x is 0 or 1. A polymer having a recurring unit of the formula: ##STR2## where X is chloro, bromo, iodo, chloroalkyl, bromoalkyl or iodoalkyl, is reacted with the appropriate aryl or alkyl chloride or bromide and arsenic trichloride, arsenic tribromide or arsenic trioxide in the presence of sodium, magnesium, or lithium metal. The resulting polymer is an intermediate in the preparation, by oxidation, of the corresponding As-oxide which polymer is useful as a catalyst for the conversion of isocyanates to the corresponding carbodiimides.

Abstract: Methods for the preparation of polyvinylpyridine and iodine (PVP.nI.sub.2) as cathode materials for electrochemical cells.

Abstract: A process is described for the preparation of a polymer having a recurring unit of the formula: ##STR1## where R is hydrogen or methyl, C.sub.n H.sub.2n is lower-alkylene, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are aryl and x is 0 or 1. A polymer having a recurring unit of the formula: ##STR2## where X is chloro, bromo, iodo, chloroalkyl, bromoalkyl or iodoalkyl, is reacted with a triarylarsine in the presence of lithium or sodium-potassium alloy. The resulting polymer is an intermediate in the preparation, by oxidation, of the corresponding As-oxide. The latter is useful as a catalyst for the conversion of isocyanates to the corresponding carbodiimides.

Abstract: Small particles of cellulose-containing plants, fine granular oxidated silicon compounds and an alkali metal hydroxide are mixed, then heated to 150.degree. C. to 220.degree. C. while agitating until the plant particles soften or melt, thereby producing an alkali metal cellulose silicate condensation product.

Abstract: Iodophor powders are prepared by suspending a particulate iodophor-forming polymer in an iodine solution in which the polymer is insoluble, and adding to the suspension a solution of an iodide in a solvent system miscible with the solvent of the iodine solution, to cause the formation of an iodophor. The iodophor can be separated from the solvent by filtration.