Abstract: A rubber composition for a tire, and a pneumatic tire are provided in which the fuel economy, abrasion resistance, and deterioration resistance can be improved in a good balance. The present invention relates to a rubber composition for a tire, containing a rubber component that contains: a modified natural rubber having a phosphorus content of not more than 200 ppm; and butadiene rubber, wherein 60 to 95% by mass of the modified natural rubber and 5 to 40% by mass of the butadiene rubber are contained based on 100% by mass of the rubber component.

Abstract: An embodiment of the present invention allows for production, with a high productivity, of a water-absorbent resin including an improved relationship between absorption capacity and water-soluble polymer which are conflicting properties of the water-absorbent resin, being easily controlled for polymerization reaction, being of no odor, being less colored, and being of high absorption properties. In one embodiment of the present invention, acrylic acid composition is neutralized with a basic composition including an iron content of 0.2 to 5 ppm by weight (relative to a basic compound exclusive of a solvent); and then polymerizing a resultant neutralized product, the acrylic acid composition including: (i) a methoxyphenol content of 10 to 200 ppm by weight relative to the weight of acrylic acid; and (ii) at least one compound content of which is 0 to 10 ppm by weight relative to the weight of acrylic acid, the compound being selected from the group consisting of protoanemonin and furfural.

Abstract: This invention relates to relates to a polyolefin composition comprising one or more of the following formulae: wherein the PO is the residual portion of a vinyl terminated macromonomer (VTM) having had a terminal unsaturated carbon of an allylic chain and a vinyl carbon adjacent to the terminal unsaturated carbon.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a water-soluble polymer complex that includes a water-soluble block copolymer and a magnetic nanoparticle, wherein the water-soluble polymer complex has a nonzero net magnetic moment in the absence of an applied magnetic field at ambient temperatures. The water-soluble block copolymer is preferably a diblock or triblock copolymer and the magnetic nanoparticle is preferably a ferrimagnetic or ferromagnetic nanoparticle. The water-soluble complexes may be derivatized with reactive groups and conjugated to biomolecules. Exemplary water-soluble polymer complexes covered under the scope of the invention include PEG112-b-PAA40 modified CoFe2O4; NH2-PEG112-b-PAA40 modified CoFe2O4; PNIPAM68-b-PAA28 modified CoFe2O4; and mPEG-b-PCL-b-PAA modified CoFe2O4.

Abstract: Multifunctional nanoparticles can include two or more different populations of nanocrystals that impart a combination of properties arising from the constituent populations in a single, multifunctional nanoparticle.

Abstract: A water-absorbing polymer structure is disclosed, whose surface has been brought into contact with a combination of a metal salt and an oxide of a metal. The invention also relates to a process for treating the surface of water-absorbing polymer structures whereby the surface of water-absorbing polymer structures is brought into contact with a combination of a metal salt and an oxide of a metal at a temperature of from about 50 to about 300° C. The present invention further relates to the water-absorbing polymer structures obtainable by this process, a composite comprising a water-absorbing polymer structure and a substrate, chemical products such as foams and fibers comprising water-absorbing polymer structures or a composite, and the use of a combination of an oxide of a metal and of a metal salt for treatment of the surface of super-absorbing polymer structures.

Abstract: An acid-functional polymer is reacted with a transition metal compound having an average particle size small enough to react with the polymer at a temperature below the glass transition temperature of the polymer, e.g., at room temperature, to produce cross-linked polymer. The process produces a liquid polymer product that dries to a cross-linked film without the required presence of volatile ligands. Improved coatings such as floor polishes that can be formed from these cross-linked polymers are also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a curable composition comprising a curable fluoroelastomer, a curative and an acid acceptor selected from the group consisting of a hydrous bismuth oxide nitrate compound and bismuth oxide. Cured articles made therefrom are resistant to volume swell in acids, coolant and in biofuel.

Abstract: A gas-barrier material in which carboxyl groups are ionically crosslinked in an amount corresponding to an acid value of at least 330 mgKOH/g of a resin that has the carboxyl groups in an amount corresponding to an acid value of not smaller than 580 mgKOH/g. The gas-barrier material exhibits excellent gas-barrier property, retort resistance and flexibility under highly humid conditions, enables the film to be cured at a low temperature in a short period of time, and can be favorably produced.

Abstract: The surface treatment agent for copper and copper alloys contains hydrogen peroxide, a mineral acid, an azole compound, silver ion and a halide ion. The surface treatment agent for copper and copper alloys is useful in the production of printed wiring boards in electronics industry. The surface treatment agent roughens the surface of copper and copper alloys. Particularly, the surface treatment agent can form a uniform and undulation-free roughened surface on copper-clad substrates having plated mirror surface, this having been difficult in conventional techniques, thereby significantly improving the adhesion to etching resists, solder resists, in addition, to prepregs and a resin for mounting electronic parts.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel catalysts for use with a fiberglass non-woven binder. The catalyst can be a Lewis acid, an organic acid salt, a free-radical generator, or a mixture thereof. The catalyst provides stronger bonding, increased crosslinking density, reduced curing times, and reduced curing temperatures. Fiberglass mats made with polymer binder compositions containing the catalyst exhibit both flexibility and elasticity, allowing the mats to be compressed for storage, yet return to original thickness once the compressive forces are removed. Formaldehyde-free wood composites, such as plywood and fiberboard, may also be produced with polymer binder compositions containing the catalyst.

Abstract: A method of obtaining homopolymers and/or copolymers in aqueous solution by the use of phosphorous acid and/or its salts or sodium hypophosphite and by neutralization during the polymerisation of the ethylenically unsaturated monomers by the continuous addition, first of all, of bases such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or lithium hydroxide and then bases of alkaline earths such as calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, calcium oxide or magnesium oxide. The polymers obtained by the said method and uses thereof.

Abstract: Novel modifying agents contain a sharply-melting crystalline polymer ingredient, preferably a side chain crystalline (SCC) ingredient, and an active chemical ingredient. Such modifying agents, especially when in the form of particles, can be placed in contact with a matrix, will not modify the matrix below the crystalline melting point Tp, but will rapidly modify the matrix above Tp. The active chemical ingredient can react with the matrix, catalyze a reaction of the matrix, or inhibit a reaction of the matrix. Particularly useful compositions are polymer precursors which are storage-stable at low temperatures but which are rapidly converted to crosslinked resins when heated to temperatures above Tp, optionally in the presence of light.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of homopolymers and/or water-soluble copolymers of acrylic acid with one or more acrylic, vinyl or allylic monomers as dispersing agents for aqueous suspensions of mineral particles issuing from a mechanical and/or thermal reconcentration step following upon a step of wet grinding without the use of a dispersant and at low concentration in terms of dry matter. The invention also relates to the said aqueous suspensions and their uses in the fields of paper, paint, fillers for synthetic resins and rubbers, detergent and cleaning formulations, ceramics, drilling fluids, cements, plasters and other fields of application in civil engineering and the construction industry.

Abstract: A process for reducing odor emission in aqueous polymer dispersions and in polymer powders comprises admixing an aqueous dispersion of a polymer obtained by free-radical polymerization of one or more ethylenically unsaturated monomers, after conclusion of the polymerization, with an odor-reducing composition containing a) one or more water-soluble compounds selected from metal salts of copper(II), silver, aluminum, zinc and iron(III), potassium permanganate, imidazoline, and imidazoline derivatives, optionally in combination with b) one or more water-soluble reducing agents selected from ascorbic acid, isoascorbic acid, iron(II) salts, zinc formaldehydesulfoxylate and alkali metal formaldehydesulfoxylate, and optionally drying the thus treated aqueous polymer dispersion to form a polymer powder.

Abstract: A superabsorbent resin composition comprising the following components components (A) and (D), wherein (A) is a superabsorbent resin, and (D) a coordination compound in which a chelating agent is coordinated with metal A.

Abstract: This invention concerns ionomers comprising monomer units of vinylidene fluoride and monomer units of perfluorovinyl ethers having pendant groups containing fluoroalkyl sulfonyl methide or fluoroalkyl sulfonyl imide derivatives and univalent metal salts thereof, and with the uses of said ionomers in eledrochemical applications, electrochemical capacitors and modified electrodes.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of producing modified vinyl ether polymers, wherein vinyl ether polymers comprising recurring units of general formula (I) where R represents a C2-C4 alkyl group and x denotes an integer from 10 to 1000, are partially transetherified with compounds of general formula Y—OH, wherein Y represents aliphatic and/or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon groups comprising 5 to 30 carbon atoms, the hydrogen atoms of which can be replaced at least in part by halogen atoms and/or aryl radicals, and/or represents aliphatic, cycloaliphatic and/or aromatic groups with a molecular weight of up to 6000 which contain at least one ether group —O— or an ester group —COO— within the molecule, in the presence of compounds of the platinum metals with the release of the corresponding C2-C4 alcohols, wherein statistically at least one R radical is replaced by a Y radical per molecule of vinyl ether polymer.

Abstract: This invention deals with substantially fluorinated but not perfluorinated ionomers, and related ionic and nonionic monomers, having pendant groups containing fluorosulfonyl methide or fluorosulfonyl imide derivatives and univalent metal salts thereof, and with the uses of said ionomers in electrochemical applications such as batteries, fuel cells, electrolysis cells, ion exchange membranes, sensors, electrochromic windows, electrochemical capacitors, and modified electrodes.

Abstract: Water-soluble homo- and/or copolymers containing alkali metal and/or alkaline earth metal carboxylate groups and based on acrylic or methacrylic derivatives, and corresponding water-soluble homo- and/or copolymers containing carboxyl groups and homo- and/or copolymers containing ammonium carboxylate groups are provided, which homo- and/or copolymers possess excellent suitability for increasing the viscosity of aqueous systems, in particular of print pastes for textile treatment.

Abstract: Regeneration of weakly basic anion exchange resins with a combination of an alkali metal carbonate and an alkali metal bicarbonate is disclosed. Preferably, the alkali metal is sodium. The combination can be naturally available sodium sesquicarbonate.

Abstract: The invention concerns a polymer derived from ethylene and at least 5 wt % of acrylic acid neutralised by a divalent cation (D) and a monovalent cation (M) at a mol ratio D/(D+M) of from 0.3 to 0.8 with at least 23 mol % of the acrylic acid derived acid groups neutralised by the divalent cation so as to provide a melt index uplift of at least 250%.

Abstract: Stable electron acceptor compositions are composed of a plurality of pillared metal complexes disposed on a supporting substrate. At least one Group VIII metal at zero valence is entrapped within this matrix. The complexes comprise from one to about 100 units of the formula:--(Y.sup.1 O.sub.3 --Z--Y.sup.2 O.sub.3)Me.sup.Y --Y.sup.1 and Y.sup.2 being phosphorus or arsenic; Z being a divalent group which reversibly forms a stable reduced form and contains two conjugated cationic centers having a negative E.sup..smallcircle..sub.red value; and Me.sup.Y being a divalent, trivalent, or tetravalent metal of Group IIIA, IIIB, IVA, or IVB having an atomic number of at least 21 or a lanthanide with bonded anions. The units are bound to the substrate through an organic polymer having side chains derivatized with phosphonate or arsonate groups. Counter anions balance the charge of Z. The compositions can be used in the decomposition of water to yield hydrogen gas, the sensing of oxygen, and as catalysts.

Abstract: Water-soluble polymers including functionalization from the group of amino groups, carboxylic acid groups, phosphonic acid groups, phosphonic ester groups, acylpyrazolone groups, hydroxamic acid groups, aza crown ether groups, oxy crown ethers groups, guanidinium groups, amide groups, ester groups, aminodicarboxylic groups, permethylated polyvinylpyridine groups, permethylated amine groups, mercaptosuccinic acid groups, alkyl thiol groups, and N-alkylthiourea groups are disclosed.

Abstract: A method of reducing the volume of a mixture of filter fibers and a powder-form ion-exchange resin, produces a waste product that is particularly suitable for ultimate disposal. A solvent which dissolves the filter fibers is added to the mixture and a mixture which is thus formed is first dried and then given an additional heat treatment.

Abstract: A new and improved method of manufacturing an acrylic acid superabsorbent polymer, that is manufactured by any known technique, except that the acrylic acid monomer is polymerized to substantial completion before neutralization, and neutralization is accomplished by admixing a solid, e.g., powdered or granular, neutralizing agent into the acrylic acid polymer. Preferably, the neutralizing agent is a solid, non-hydroxide neutralizing agent, such as sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, ammonium carbonate or mixtures thereof. Cross-linking may be accomplished during polymerization, simultaneously with neutralization, or cross-linking may be carried out in a separate processing step subsequent to neutralization, or both.

Abstract: A process for devulcanizing and functionalizing a rubber vulcanizate by desulfurization involves suspending a rubber vulcanizate crumb in a solvent which preferably swells the rubber vulcanizate before or during the devulcanization reaction and adding an alkali metal, such as sodium, to the suspension. The alkali metal cleaves mono-, di- and polysulfidic cross-linkages in the rubber vulcanizate to liberate rubber polymer having a molecular weight substantially equal to that of the rubber polymer prior to vulcanization. Functional groups derived from the solvent molecules bond to the devulcanized rubber's polymeric backbone. In addition to the functionalized devulcanized rubber polymer, carbon black may also be recovered for re-use in accordance with the process of the present invention. The functionalized devulcanized rubber may be subjected to a re-vulcanization reaction without separation of rubber polymer from the solvent by addition of an appropriate curing mixture.

Abstract: The tendency to opacify of a polyol composition comprising one or more zinc fatty acid salts such as zinc stearate, added to form a mold release agent when the polyol is converted to a molded polyurethane article, is retarded by the presence of a small but effective amount of one or more fatty alkyl diethoxylate (e.g. diethanolamine) compounds.

Abstract: A grinding agent containing polymers and/or copolymers partially neutralized by magnesium, for aqueous suspensions of mineral substances to be used in pigmentary applications is disclosed.A grinding agent composed of polymers and/or copolymers having a specific viscosity of between 0.3 and 0.8 and obtained by treatment, using one or several solvents, of a polymer and/or copolymer resulting from polymerization and/or copolymerization of acrylic and/or vinyl monomers comprising acid groups whose active acid sites are partially or completely neutralized to a degree of neutralization of 40 to 60%, including terminals, of the active acid sites using a neutralizing agent containing magnesium ions, and a degree of neutralization reaching 60% using a neutralizing agent containing sodium ions is disclosed.

Abstract: A process of making a mixed salt of a polymer containing an anhydride, acid or ester side groups therein which comprises:(a) forming a reaction mixture of the polymer, mixed salt compounds and water, in a predetermined proportion, as a paste or slurry,(b) reacting and extruding the paste or slurry at a predetermined temperature to form the mixed salt of the polymer, and(c) drying the resultant reaction product.

Abstract: A process for the production of super-absorbent polymers with a swelling capacity in water-containing liquids of up to 1,000 g/g in which aqueous emulsions of particularly high molecular weight polymers of acrylonitrile are partly hydrolyzed by reaction with aqueous solutions of alkali metal and/or alkaline earth metal hydroxides, the polymers are precipitated in powder form by addition of water-miscible organic solvents, separated off, dried and then optionally heated for a short time. The super-absorbent polymers are used as water-storing materials, for example in sanitary articles, in agriculture or in the sheathing of electrical cables.

Abstract: An antibacterial fiber includes an ion exchange fiber and an antibacterial metal ion entrapped within the ion exchange fiber through an ion exchange reaction. The invention also discloses antibacterial textiles and water-treating element using the fibers.

Abstract: An antibacterial fiber includes an ion exchange fiber and an antibacterial metal ion entrapped within the ion exchange fiber through an ion exchange reaction. The invention also discloses antibacterial textiles and water-treating element using the fibers.

Abstract: Salt-free poly(vinylamine) and vinylamine copolymers are formed by heating N-vinylformamide or N-vinylformamide copolymers to a temperature from about 50.degree. to 225.degree. C. in an aqueous medium in the presence of a catalyst comprising a transition metal which is a member of either the first transition series or of Group VIII.

Abstract: Calcium aluminum hexahydrate is a useful curative-stabilizer for halogenated rubbers such as chloronated polyethylene, chlorosulfonated polyethylene and polychloroprene as it can yield vulcanizates free of leachable lead. Also, these vulcanizates with about 1 to about 30 or more parts with about 3 to about 15 parts calcium aluminum hexahydrate being highly desirable give satisfactory to improved heat ageing properties as well as oil ageing properties.

Abstract: Both a system and method are provided for remotely heating a polymeric material to a selected temperature. The system generally comprises particulate ferromagnetic material dispersed throughout the polymeric material to form a composite, wherein the particulate material has a Curie temperature that corresponds to the selected heating temperature, and a source of microwave energy for remotely applying a beam of microwave energy to the polymeric composite material. Preferably, the particulate ferromagnetic material comprises only about 2 percent of the total composite by weight. The polymeric material may be compliant, thermosettable plastic, and the Curie temperature of the particulate ferromagnetic material dispersed therein may advantageously be above the curing temperature of the polymer, such that the beam from the source of microwave energy may be used to remotely join surfaces or construct joints in composite structures.

Abstract: Diene polymer or copolymer compositions having reduced hysteresis are provided. The compositions comprise a mixture of diene polymers or copolymers containing carbon-tin bonds in the main polymer or copolymer chains prepared by coupling polymer or copolymer chains with tin polyhalides and diene polymers or copolymer chains containing terminals derived from substituted imines having the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, dialkylaminoaryl, aralkyl and aprotic O, N and S- containing alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl and aralkyl groups; wherein R.sub.3 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, dialkylaminoaryl, aralkyl and aprotic O, N, and S- containing alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl and aralkyl groups; with the proviso that at least one of the R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 groups must be a dialkylaminoaryl group and that not all of the R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.

Abstract: Visible gels are formed by mixing an inorganic crosslinking agent with a low viscosity aqueous solution having a low polyacrylamide content. The visible gels are employed to reduce the water/hydrocarbon permeability ratio of subterranean formations.

Abstract: Acid-functional polymer is reacted with a transition metal compound at a temperature above a T.sub.g of the polymer to produce crosslinked polymer. The process produces a liquid polymer product that dries to a crosslinked film without the required presence of volatile ligands. Improved coatings such as floor polishes are also disclosed.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for hydrolysing polymeric amides with a hydrolysing agent at elevated temperatures under the influence of ultrasound in a homogeneous reaction medium. The reaction is particularly suited to the production of polyacrylic acid from polyacrylamide.

Abstract: The properties of water soluble or, especially water swellable polymer particles are improved by surface cross linking that is caused by providing a dispersion of gel polymer particles in an organic solvent, reacting the surfaces of these particles with dissolved cross linking agent and azeotropically distilling the dispersion.

Abstract: The invention provides a polymer derivative comprising the reaction product of a metal compound and a polymer having functional groups. The metal compound may be an acetate, carbonate, chloride, hydroxide, oxalate, oxide or sulphate of Al, Ba, Ca, Ce, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Pb, Sn, Ti, V, Zn and Zr. The functional group may be a carboxylic acid group, a thiol group or an olefinic group.The invention includes a process for efficiently reacting a functional group on a polymer with at least one co-reagent wherein the co-reagents are rendered compatible with the polymer, for example by being dissolved in the polymer or in a solution thereof whereby the reaction is effected in a single phase. The process may be a two stage process which comprises forming a metal derivative of a polymer of relatively low molecular weight and then incorporating the metal derivative into a polymer of higher molecular weight.

Abstract: Vulcanizable polymer compositions with improved scorch are provided comprising a carboxylated nitrile rubber or a carboxylated styrene-butadiene rubber, one or more polyvalent metal oxides and one or more alkali metal salts selected from the lithium, sodium and potassium salts of C.sub.12-18 -alkanoic acids.

Abstract: The processing properties of isobutene polymers when reacted with maleic anhydride are improved by a method in which these polymers are brought into contact, for an effective period,with aluminum oxide and/or a completely or partially hydrated aluminum oxide at 50.degree.-280.degree. C., and/orwith boron oxide and/or a completely or partially hydrated boron oxide and/or with titanium dioxide and/or a partially hydrated titanium dioxide and/or with a completely or partially hydrated silicon dioxide at 0.degree.-280.degree. C.

Abstract: Vulcanizable polymer compositions with improved scorch are provided comprising a carboxylated nitrile rubber, one or more polyvalent metal oxides and one or more alkali metal salts selected from the lithium, sodium and potassium salts of C.sub.12-18 -alkanoic acids.

Abstract: Compositions which are hardenable in the presence of water to form a poly(carboxylate) cement contain a metal salt which accelerates the setting of the composition.

Abstract: Crosslinkable polymers and co-polymers are treated with organo-metallic compounds, inorganic metallic salts, or lanthanides prior to crosslinking with free radical organic peroxide initiators in the presence of oxygen. This pre-treatment eliminates tackiness of the surface of the crosslinked polymer making the crosslinked polymer more commercially acceptable.

Abstract: Monovinyl aromatic polymers are modified by reacting with elemental alkali metal and a conjugated diene to produce polymers having branches containing olefinic unsaturation. The olefinically unsaturated branches provide reactive sites which are readily reacted with various substances to obtain numerous variations in the properties of the monovinyl aromatic polymers.

Abstract: Amine containing polymeric microspheres such as polyvinyl pyridine are complexed with metal salts or acids containing metals such as gold, platinum or iron. After reduction with sodium borohydride, the salt is reduced to finely divided free metal or metal oxides, useful as catalysts. Microspheres containing covalent bonding sites can be used for labeling or separating proteins.

Abstract: Copolymers of vinylidene fluoride with at least one other fluorinated- ethylenically unsaturated monomer are press-cured at about 163.degree.-204.degree. C. by crosslinking with an aromatic polyhydroxy compound in the presence of an accelerator in a weakly basic system, at least a portion of the polyhydroxy compound being blocked by conversion to acetal or thioacetal groups. At the press-cure temperature some of the acetal or thioacetal groups are decomposed and the free hydroxyl groups are reformed, thus providing crosslinking capability. The remainder of acetal or thioacetal groups are decomposed during post-cure oven heating at a higher temperature, and under those conditions copolymer vulcanization is completed. Press-cured compositions of this invention have excellent hot tensile elongation, which permits easy demoldability; and very good recyclability, which eliminates or reduces fluoropolymer waste. The compositions of this invention also have excellent mold flow properties at press-cure temperature.