Abstract: A polymer comprising an anionic group (e.g. an acid anhydride group, a carboxyl group) and a hydro-philic segment (e.g. a polyoxyalkylene ether unit) is used as a cement retarder. The polymer is obtainable by copolymerization of a monomer including maleic anhydride with a monomer including a vinylalkyl ether-series monomer in which an alkylene oxide is added to allyl alcohol. The polymer may be a copolymer copolymerized with other monomers such as styrene. Use of this cement retarder can provide patterns or washing-finished face on the surface of a concrete product. The cement retarder is suitable for application for a cement retardative sheet.

Abstract: A polymer includes an ethylene-containing backbone having substituents attached thereto, wherein the substituents include a urethane linked nitrogen-bonded hydrocarbon side chain having about 5 carbon atoms or more in length and a terminal methyl group; and an oxygen linked water solubilizing group. The polymer is particularly useful in a release coating composition and is suitable for forming films from aqueous dispersions thereof, organic solvent dispersions thereof, or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: Fluoropolymeric substrates with metallized surfaces may be prepared by self-assembly of a chemisorbed layer of a metal ion-chelating organosilane onto a fluoropolymer surface after radio-frequency glow discharge plasma surface hydroxylation. The silane covalently binds an aqueous palladium catalyst and subsequent electroless deposition yields homogeneous or patterned metal deposits that exhibit excellent adhesion to the fluoropolymer.

Abstract: Water-soluble polymers including functionalization from the group of amino groups, carboxylic acid groups, phosphonic acid groups, phosphonic ester groups, acylpyrazolone groups, hydroxamic acid groups, aza crown ether groups, oxy crown ethers groups, guanidinium groups, amide groups, ester groups, aminodicarboxylic groups, permethylated polyvinylpyridine groups, permethylated amine groups, mercaptosuccinic acid groups, alkyl thiol groups, and N-alkylthiourea groups are disclosed.

Abstract: A process for producing a polyacetal copolymer, which is extremely heat-stable and is extremely reduced in the quantity of unstable terminals even in a high polymerization yield in which trioxane as the principal monomer, comprises copolymerization of trioxane as the principal monomer with a cyclic ether or cyclic formal having at least one carbon-to-carbon bond as the comonomer by using a specific heteropoly-acid or acid salt thereof as a polymerization catalyst until the content of the remaining monomers is lowered to at most 10% by weight based on all the monomers fed, adding 0.01 to 10% by weight, based on the resulting crude polymer, of a solution containing a catalyst deactivator, or contacting a basic gas as the deactivator to deactivate the catalyst, and subjecting the crude polymer as such to heat melting treatment without washing thereof.

Abstract: A new and improved method of manufacturing an acrylic acid superabsorbent polymer, that is manufactured by any known technique, except that the acrylic acid monomer is polymerized to substantial completion before neutralization, and neutralization is accomplished by admixing a solid, e.g., powdered or granular, neutralizing agent into the acrylic acid polymer. Preferably, the neutralizing agent is a solid, non-hydroxide neutralizing agent, such as sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, ammonium carbonate or mixtures thereof. Cross-linking may be accomplished during polymerization, simultaneously with neutralization, or cross-linking may be carried out in a separate processing step subsequent to neutralization, or both.

Abstract: A process for the production of an ionomers containing ethylenically-unsaturated structural units comprising contacting:(a) a terpolymer containing structural units produced from (i) at least one .alpha.-olefin having from 2 to 8 carbon atoms; (ii) at least one ester of alpha, beta-ethylenically-unsaturated carboxylic acids; and (iii) at least one carboxylic acid with;(b) an inorganic metal-containing base under conditions effective to convert at least a portion of acid functionalities to inorganic metal salts thereof.

Abstract: A denture adhesive composition contains a denture adhesive and a pharmacologically acceptable carrier in which the denture adhesive is a salt of a copolymer of maleic acid or anhydride and a 1 to 5 carbon atom alkyl vinyl ether having a specific viscosity of at least 4.0. The denture adhesive composition is used to adhere a denture to the oral mucosa.

Abstract: Disclosed are polymers comprising phenyl rings pendant from the polymer chains or incorporated therein, wherein the phenyl rings are substituted with aldehyde and/or carboxylic acid functionalities and/or derivatives thereof. Also disclosed is a catalytic oxidation process for producing such polymers from precursor polymers containing benzylic carbon atoms.

Abstract: Fluoropolymeric substrates with metallized surfaces may be prepared by self-assembly of a chemisorbed layer of a metal ion-chelating organosilane onto a fluoropolymer surface after radio-frequency glow discharge plasma surface hydroxylation. The silane covalently binds an aqueous palladium catalyst and subsequent electroless deposition yields homogeneous or patterned metal deposits that exhibit excellent adhesion to the fluoropolymer.

Abstract: Siloxy-terminated hydrocarbon polymers containing at least one polymer chain per molecule of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are independently selected from saturated and unsaturated aliphatic and aromatic radicals, A is a saturated hydrocarbon bridging group optionally containing at least one aromatic group and --(M)n -- represents a polymer of an olefinic monomer, n having a value such that the average molecular weight of the polymeric chain is from about 1000 to about 5,000,000, together with telechelic polymers and radial polymers containing this unit.

Abstract: Protected functional initiator initiated elastomer solutions are deprotected and optionally ionic impurities removed by contact with a molten component such as sodium bisulphate monohydrate. This allows deprotection and removal of metal contaminants such as the initiator or residue from hydrogenation catalysts without the introduction of significant amounts of additional water which cause emulsion formation. In accordance with this invention, better metal removal is achieved and the process of metal removal operates more smoothly because of the absence of emulsion formation. Separation of the molten component containing the extracted metal contaminants can easily be carried out by simple liquid-liquid phase separation on either a continuous or batch basis.

Abstract: A process of making a mixed salt of a polymer containing an anhydride, acid or ester side groups therein which comprises:(a) forming a reaction mixture of the polymer, mixed salt compounds and water, in a predetermined proportion, as a paste or slurry,(b) reacting and extruding the paste or slurry at a predetermined temperature to form the mixed salt of the polymer, and(c) drying the resultant reaction product.

Abstract: Superabsorbent polymers based on partly hydrolysed homopolymers and/or copolymers of acrylonitrile which are cross-linked through the incorporation of polyfunctional monomers, wherein 30 to 80 mol-% of the nitrile groups are converted into carboxylate groups, 20 to 70 mol-% of the nitrile groups are converted into carbonamide groups and 0 mol-% to 20 mol-% of the nitrile groups are unchanged, and the said cross-linked polymers possess a swelling capacity of 700 g/g in water and of up to 60 g/g in physiological saline and a gel strength of from 20 g to 100 g, their preparation and their use.

Abstract: A water-absorbent resin particles that exhibits a centrifuged absorption capacity of 26 g/g or greater, an absorption under load of 24 g/g or greater at 0.6 psi load. Other aspects of the invention are processes for the preparation of such water-absorbent resin particles which comprise the inclusion of chlorine or bromine containing oxidizing agent followed by the heat-treatment to produce particles with superior centrifuged absorption capacity in combination with high absorption under load at high load, and acceptable levels of residuals. These water-absorbent resin particles provide superior performance when incorporated into absorbent structures.

Abstract: Ionomer compositions which have improved optical properties are disclosed. These compositions comprise ionomers which can be represented as the polymerization product of alpha-olefins having from two to eight carbon atoms, esters of alpha, beta-ethylenically-unsaturated carboxylic acids, metal salts of acrylic and methacrylic acid, and optional alpha, beta-ethylenically-unsaturated comonomers which impart some desired polymer property or properties, such as acidity and/or solvent resistivity. Also disclosed are methods of making these ionomer compositions in a reactive extruder and treating the compositions with acid to impart acidity to the compositions or to only the surface of the compositions.

Abstract: Ionomer compositions which have improved optical properties are disclosed. These compositions comprise ionomers which can be represented as the polymerization product of alpha-olefins having from two to eight carbon atoms, esters of alpha, beta-ethylenically-unsaturated carboxylic acids, metal salts of acrylic and methacrylic acid, and optional alpha, beta-ethylenically-unsaturated comonomers which impart some desired polymer property or properties, such as acidity and/or solvent resistivity. Also disclosed are methods of making these ionomer compositions in a reactive extruder and treating the compositions with acid to impart acidity to the compositions or to only the surface of the compositions.

Abstract: Ionomer compositions which have improved optical properties are disclosed. These compositions comprise ionomers which can be represented as the polymerization product of alpha-olefins having from two to eight carbon atoms, esters of alpha, beta-ethylenically-unsaturated carboxylic acids, metal salts of acrylic and methacrylic acid, and optional alpha, beta-ethylenically-unsaturated comonomers which impart some desired polymer property or properties, such as acidity and/or solvent resistivity. Also disclosed are methods of making these ionomer compositions in a reactive extruder and treating the compositions with acid to impart acidity to the compositions or to only the surface of the compositions.

Abstract: A novel denture adhesive composition contains an adhesive mixture comprising sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and, either a partially neutralized sodium, magnesium, zinc mixed salt or a partially neutralized magnesium, zinc mixed salt of an alkyl vinyl ether maleic acid copolymer.

Abstract: Salts of copolymers of ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids and ethylenically unsaturated fatty acid derivatives.

Abstract: A process for the production of super-absorbent polymers with a swelling capacity in water-containing liquids of up to 1,000 g/g in which aqueous emulsions of particularly high molecular weight polymers of acrylonitrile are partly hydrolyzed by reaction with aqueous solutions of alkali metal and/or alkaline earth metal hydroxides, the polymers are precipitated in powder form by addition of water-miscible organic solvents, separated off, dried and then optionally heated for a short time. The super-absorbent polymers are used as water-storing materials, for example in sanitary articles, in agriculture or in the sheathing of electrical cables.

Abstract: A fire retardant polymeric resin is disclosed. The resin comprises a polymer having grafted thereto a fire retardant effective amount of a monomer composition selected from among salts of acidic monomers, mixtures of salts of acidic monomers, and mixtures of acidic monomers and salts thereof. Related additives are also disclosed.

Abstract: A modified .alpha.-olefin polymer whose side chain has tertiary carbon, obtained by melt-reacting 100 parts by weight of (A) an .alpha.-olefin polymer whose side chain has tertiary carbon with (B) 0.05 to 10 parts by weight of metal methacrylate or metal acrylate of the formula (1), ##STR1## wherein R is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, M is a metal cation, X is an anion, m is an integer of at least 2, and n is an integer of at least 2, with a proviso of m.gtoreq.n; and a stretched film thereof.

Abstract: Phosphonic (co) telomers of the type described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,046,707 and 4,681,686 and European Patent Application 360746 may be produced by an aqueous process comprising (a) reacting hypophosphorous acid with a carbonyl compound which is preferably an aldehyde, a ketone or an imine, (b) reacting the product of (a) with an olefin or olefins in the presence of a suitable initiator especially a free radical initiator, and (c) converting the product obtained from (b) to a phosphonic (co) telomer, e.g., by reaction with hypochlorite. The (co) telomer products are useful as scale inhibitors in aqueous systems.

Abstract: Resins which comprise polymers which contain multiple acetal groups have been developed which are useful for crosslinking and adhesion promotion in coating and adhesive applications. The polymers which make up these resins are prepared by the addition of aminoacetals to polymers containing anhydride functionality. The polymers are modified by titration with a tertiary amine or alkali base.

Abstract: A process for preparing a polybutene amine composition comprises the steps of reacting a chlorinated polybutene with an excess of at least one mole of at least one type of an amine compound per mole of the chlorinated polybutene at a reaction temperature of at least about 100.degree. C.; neutralizing the reaction mixture with a base selected from the group of alkali metal and alkaline earth metal alkoxides and amides with formation of one of an alcohol or ammonia, respectively; neutralizing any excess base with an acid that will produce essentially no water as a by-product; and recovering the polybutene amine composition, the process including the steps of removing the alcohol or ammonia in a timely fashion; and removing excess of the amine compound.

Abstract: The invention relates to polymer resins which are dispersible or soluble in water, wherein the resin is an amorphous, chlorinated, chemically modified copolymer or terpolymer prepared from polyethylene, polybutene and/or polypropylene and having an amorphous polypropylene content of at least 50% by weight, an average molecular weight Mw of 10,000 to 100,000 g/mol, a non-uniformity of 1.0 to 6.5, a chlorine content of 2.5 to 50% by weight, an anionic or cationic salt group content of 5 to 250 milliequivalents per 100 g of polymer resin and a content of polyoxyalkylene units of 0 to 40% by weight, the proportion of oxyethylene units being at least 30% by weight of the oxyalkylene units.

Abstract: Process for anionically polymerising a conjugated 1,3-diene monomer consists of contacting the monomer in an inert hydrocarbon solvent with a monofunctional silyl ether initiator of general formula R.sup.1 R.sup.2 R.sup.3 Si--O--A--Li where R.sup.1 to R.sup.3 are independently selected from monovalent organic substituent groups and A is a short chain hydrocarbon bridging group, to yield a polydiene having a molecular weight of typically 1,000-10,000, a high 1.4 content of typically 90% and a low polydispensity of typically 1.15. The reactive ends of the living polymer chains may be terminated with a reactive group such as hydroxyl by treating the polymer with ethylene oxide. Subsequent removal of the polymer's relatively unreactive silyl end groups by reaction with tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride produces a difunctional, chain-extendable, hydroxy-terminated polydiene useful as a rubbery binder prepolymer.

Abstract: Novel ionomers of normally solid, thermo-plastic, orientable, copolymers of ethylene and at least one alpha,beta-ethylenically-unsaturated carboxylic acid having a relatively high content of the carboxylic acid are prepared under conditions whereby the copolymers are essentially solubilized in a strong base and contacted with at least one compound which contains ionomer-forming cations. One of the preferred polymers is an ethylene/acrylic acid copolymer. The so-formed ionomers are useful as materials for constructing various items and articles.

Abstract: A water-soluble polymer sensitive to salts is a copolymer of (A) 10 to 90% of acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid; and (B) 90 to 10% of a vinyl monomer of Formula (I): ##STR1## (wherein R represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; and R.sup.1 represents an aryl group or a cycloalkyl group); or the foregoing component (A); (B) 2 to 70% of a vinyl monomer of Formula (II): ##STR2## (wherein R.sup.2 represents an alkyl group, an aryl group or a cycloalkyl group); and (C) 2 to 40% of a vinyl monomer of Formula (III): ##STR3## (wherein R.sup.3 represents an aryl group), 2 to 70 mole % of the repeating units derived from the acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid being in the form of a salt. It is soluble in tap water, but insoluble in an aqueous solution containing not less than 0.5% of an inorganic salt of a monovalent ion.

Abstract: The invention relates to polymer conjugates which are reversibly precipitable from aqueous solution and are composed of a carrier polymer which is soluble in aqueous medium and of a catalytically active compound which is chemically bonded thereto. The invention also relates to a process for the preparation of polymer conjugates of this type, and to the use thereof in homogeneous catalysis, especially biocatalysis.

Abstract: New polymers are disclosed to be made in supported Ziegler-Natta systems. They include monomers exhibiting polar functionality such as through a hydroxyl group or other functional group protected during polymerization in the presence of highly active catalysts by the use of a protective alkyl silane group which is removed after polymerization to restore the functionality of the group. The typical polymer thus made is a polyolefin having functional groups on its backbone; the functional groups may be reacted with conventional dyes and/or may perform other functions and enter reactions with other reactive compounds.

Abstract: New polymers are disclosed to be made in supported Ziegler-Natta systems. They include monomers exhibiting polar functionality such as through a hydroxyl group or other functional group protected during polymerization in the presence of highly active catalysts by the use of a protective alkyl silane group which is removed after polymerization to restore the functionality of the group. The typical polymer thus made is a polyolefin having functional groups on its backbone; the functional groups may be reacted with conventional dyes and/or may perform other functions and enter reactions with other reactive compounds.

Abstract: A water washable protective coating composition for application to surfaces subjected to contact with airborne paints which composition comprises an ionomer of a copolymer of an acrylic acid and an alpha-olefin. The composition forms a protective, clear low-slip coating layer upon surfaces, and is readily removable with heated water.

Abstract: High-moisture absorbing and releasing fibers which have moisture-absorbing properties and moisture-releasing properties, are resistant to repetitive use, and have both flame resistance and antibacterial properties and a process for producing the same are provided.Acrylic fibers in which increase in nitrogen content by hydrazine cross-linking, an amount of salt type carboxyl groups and amido groups by modification of nitrile groups, tensile strength, LOI and sterilization rate are specifically adjusted. Such the fibers are obtained by hydrazine cross-linking treatment, hydrolysis treatment and conversion of the carboxyl groups to the salt type.High-moisture absorbing and releasing fibers having excellent processability in addition to flame resistance and antibacterial properties are obtained. Such the fibers can also be used repeatedly.

Abstract: Water-soluble polymers and/or copolymers possessing enhanced biodegradability, and their applications are disclosed.Acrylic and/or vinyl polymers and/or copolymers containing acid groups, in which 35% to 90% of the active acid sites are neutralized by magnesium ions, the specific viscosity is at most 25, and biodegradability is enhanced. Their decomposition after 36 days is greater than 50% as measured by the modified Sturm test.These polymers can be used in industries as varied as: paper-making, paints, plastics, petroleum, drilling fluids, water treatment, detergents, cosmetics, textiles, inks, leather, grinding and/or splitting of minerals in water.

Abstract: A rubber composition comprising a rubbery polymer and a modified liquid polymer. The modified liquid polymer is obtained by reacting a liquid polymer having at least one carbon-carbon double bond in the molecule with an organic compound having the group --CH.dbd.N-- and an organic acid halide having the group --COX where X is halogen, in the presence of a Friedel-Crafts catalyst.

Abstract: A polyvinyl halide ionomer which contains in the polymer backbone at least one vinyl halide monomer in polymerized form or at least one vinyl halide monomer and at least one other monomer copolymerizable with vinyl chloride and less than 50% by weight of the ionomer a comonomer containing at least one ester group and at least one neutralized carboxyl group. The ionomer is prepared by neutralizing, preferably in a molten state, a functionalized vinyl halide copolymer containing pendant carboxyl groups. The ionomer has outstanding adhesion to metals and its glass transition temperature is higher than the carboxyl vinyl halide copolymer.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for saponifying an ethylene-alkyl acrylate copolymer comprising mixing together an ethylene-alkyl acrylate copolymer and an aqueous solution of an inorganic alkali metal base at a temperature sufficient for saponification to take place and at which the ethylene-alkyl acrylate copolymer undergoes a phase change.

Abstract: The monomer cis-5,6-bis(trimethylsiloxy)-1,3-cyclohexadiene can be polymerized with certain nickel II catalysts, such as bis[(allyl)trifluoroacetatonickel(II)], bis[(allyl)pentafluorophenoxynickel(II)], and bis[(allyl)iodonickel(II)]. The resulting polymer is a precursor to poly(para-phenylene). Other substituted cyclohexadienes may also be polymerized by these catalysts to form useful polymers.

Abstract: Ionically crosslinked ethylene copolymers are prepared by reacting the corresponding ethylene copolymer in a mixing zone of a twin-screw extruder with a solid metal compound and subsequently pumping in water, and are used as adhesion promoters, laminating films, injection molded articles or cable sheathing.

Abstract: This invention provides polyether polycarboxylate compositions selected from the group consisting of polyether polycarboxylates which may be prepared by oxidizing copolymers of furan and maleic anhydride, and other polyether polycarboxylate compositions prepared by oxidizing novel, intermediate polymers of furan, maleic anhydride, and at least one copolymerizable comonomer, selected from the group consisting of furan, alkenyl alkyl ethers, alkyl acrylates, alkenyl carboxyalkyl ethers, vinyl esters of carboxylic acids, unsaturated carboxylic acids, unsaturated dicarboxylic acids and their anhydrides and esters, and olefins. This invention also provides novel, unoxidized terpolymer intermediates comprising furan, maleic anhydride, and at least one copolymerizable comonomer, other than furan and maleic anhydride, selected from the above group, as well as a process for oxidizing these polymers and the furan and maleic anhydride copolymers.

Abstract: A pellicle film comprised of a resin prepared by reducing a polyvinyl acetal of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is a C1-3 alkyl group and the vinyl acetate content "y/(x+y+z)" is not larger than 0.1 and the degree of acetalization "z/(x+y+z)" is at least 0.6. This pellicle film exhibits a reduced UV absorption in the vicinity of 365 nm and is durable against irradiation with UV rays, especially i-line of a mercury arc light.

Abstract: Polyaromatic fibers or microbeads which are swollen with solvent and crosslinked while swollen in such a way that the expanded, or macronet, structure of the swollen fiber or microbead is stabilized and retained even after drying exhibit high surface area and significant adsorptive capacity.

Abstract: Intrinsically conductive or semiconductive stable polyacetylides and methods of forming same. The unique soluble metallic polyacetylides may be formed as a conductive adherent film for coating glass, ceramics and metals. The polyacetylides may also be synthesized with pendant organic anions and cations for conductive or semiconductive materials, including integrated circuit subunits, printed circuit board equivalents and thin film electrodes in an organic battery. The polyacetylides may also be synthesized with organic crosslinkers forming high tensile strength polymers comparable to steel. A simultaneous polymerization initiation for forming the conductive polymers is also disclosed by which catalyst/reductant initiation and non-chemical initiation are used to initiate polymerization.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for synthesizing hydroxylated plasma-polymerized films, as well as the hydroxylated plasma-polymerized films produced by the process of the invention. In addition, the present invention is directed to the use of hydroxylated plasma-polymerized films produced by the process of the invention for enhancing the compatibility and/or implantability of biomedical implants and/or devices.

Abstract: For the preparation of acrylate and/or methacrylate polymers containing carbazolyl side groups, polymers of acryloyl chloride and/or of methacryloxyl chloride are subjected to a polymer-analogous reaction in solution with alcoholates of N-(.omega.-hydroxyalkyl)-carbazoles. The poly(meth)acrylates containing carbazolyl side groups and prepared in this manner have good photoconductor properties and can advantageously be used in electrophotographic recording elements.

Abstract: This invention relates to compositions comprising an elastomeric material based on a styrene-butadiene-alkyl (meth) acrylate copolymer also including an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid.The compositions are used for forming a sealing gasket for a container that contains an organic solvent, by crosslinking with a polyvalent metal crosslinking agent, and preferably also a vulcanizing crosslinking agent.The preferred ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid is itaconic acid.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for hydrolysing polymeric amides with a hydrolysing agent at elevated temperatures under the influence of ultrasound in a homogeneous reaction medium. The reaction is particularly suited to the production of polyacrylic acid from polyacrylamide.

Abstract: A denture adhesive composition contains a denture adhesive and a pharmacologically acceptable carrier in which the denture adhesive is a salt of a copolymer of maleic acid or anhydride and a 1 to 5 carbon atom alkyl vinyl ether having a specific viscosity of at least 4.0. The denture adhesive composition is used to adhere a denture to the oral mucosa.