Abstract: Polymers containing a high percentage of vinyl alcohol units, especially when treated to remove impurities, when blended with copolymers of alkyl (meth)acrylates, N-vinyllactams or N-vinylamides, and unsaturated acids, preferably further with a small amount of plasticizer, may be applied as hot melt adhesives to paper, wood, and other cellulosic articles.

Abstract: An anisotropically conductive adhesive composition provides electrical conductivity between facing electrodes but maintains electric insulation laterally between adjacent electrodes and comprises (a) a cationically polymerizable monomer, such as a glycidyl epoxy resin; (b) a thermoplastic resin, essentially free of nucleophilic or metal complexing functional groups; (c) optionally, an alcohol containing material; (d) a thermally initiated catalyst system comprising: (1) a salt of an organometallic cation; (2) a cure rate enhancer; and (3) a stabilizing additive; (e) conductive particles; and (f) optionally, a silane coupling agent, wherein the adhesive compositions cure at a temperature of 120.degree.-125.degree. C.

Abstract: A fluid filtration material made of a porous substrate, e,g. a membrane or a fabric that is coated with a fluorinated copolymer that contains recurring vinyl alcohol units to impart hydrophilicity. The material is crosslinked with multifunctional epoxides to maintain hydrophilicity on exposure to heat or solvent.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a process for suspension polymerization of a vinyl polymer which comprises using as the suspending agent a polyvinyl ester polymer having an ionic group at an end thereof or a polyvinyl alcohol polymer having a degree of hydrolysis of 90 mol % or less which is obtained by hydrolysis of the above polyvinyl ester polymer.According to the above-mentioned process, vinyl polymer granules having a sharp granulometric dispersion, high bulk density, high plasticizer absorption and low vinyl monomer residue are obtained.

Abstract: A resin composition comprising 5 to 95 parts by weight of a saponified product of an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (A) having an ethylene content of 20 to 60 mol % and a degree of saponification of at least 90% and 95 to 5 parts by weight of a styrene-based polymer (B) having mainly syndiotactic configuration. The resin composition has gas barrier properties and a markedly improved heat resistance.

Abstract: A multifilament yarn of polyvinyl alcohol having a degree of polymerization of at least 1500, the yarn having a tensile strength of at least 10 g/d and an index of hot water resistance of at least 50.

Abstract: Plasticized polyvinyl acetal resins based on 4-hydroxybutanal are disclosed. Laminar structures that include the resins, a process for making the resins, and a process for making an internally plasticized polyvinyl acetal resin by esterification, are also revealed.

Abstract: Novel crosslinkable hot-melt adhesive compositions, curable by atmospheric moisture, include (i) the prepolymerizate of an hydroxylated ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer with a stoichiometric excess of a polyisocyanate, e.g., a diisocyanate, such prepolymerizate containing an effective crosslinkable amount of free isocyanate functional groups, and, optionally, (ii) an adhesive tackifying resin.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a new process for producing polyvinyl ester having a high degree of polymerization having an intrinsic viscosity not less than 1.5 dl/g, preferably not less than 2.2 dl/g, and most preferably higher than 3.2 dl/g, said process comprising subjecting vinyl ester monomer to low-temperature emulsion polymerization under specific conditions.Disclosed also herein is a new process for producing polyvinyl alcohol having a high degree of polymerization having an intrinsic viscosity not less than 1.5 dl/g, preferably not less than 2.2 dl/g, and most preferably higher than 3.2 dl/g, said process comprising saponifying in the usual way the polyvinyl ester obtained by low-temperature emulsion polymerization under specific conditions.

Abstract: The thermal properties, such as heat distortion temperature of biodegradable polymers, such as polylactic acid, polyglycolides, polybutyric acid and copolymers of butyric and valeric acid, may be increased by blending them with a polymer having Tg from 75.degree. C. to 200.degree. C. and a Hildebrand parameter (.sigma.) of not more than 3 MPA.sup.1/2 different from the biopolymer.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for the production of polymeric polyols, which comprises the steps of:partially or completely saponifying a heterogeous two-phase mixture of (a) a heated molten liquid containing an ethylene-saturated carboxylic acid vinyl ester copolymer having a number average molecular weight of from 800 to 5000 and a saturated carboxylic acid vinyl ester content of from 1 to 50% by weight, and (b) an aliphatic alcohol, in the presence of an alkali catalyst, while removing a saturated carboxylic acid alkyl ester byproduct from the reaction system;then removing the residual aliphatic alcohol from the reaction system; andsupplying an alkylene oxide to effect an alkylene oxide-addition reaction, optionally after further supplying the alkali catalyst.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for producing a polyacetal resin composition, which comprises mixing (A) a polyacetal resin, (B) a thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer and (B) a polyhydric alcohol having at least three hydroxyl groups in the molecule, in molten state with shear, at a temperature of 180.degree. to 250.degree. C. The polyacetal resin composition produced by the above process gives injection-molded shaped articles showing various well-balanced physical properties such as tensile strength and elongation at break at weld portions, and impact resistance.

Abstract: This invention is directed to an article comprising a backing layer, at least one pressure sensitive adhesive layer, and an aqueous release coating layer, wherein the pressure sensitive adhesive layer is affixed to at least one side of the backing layer and the aqueous release coating layer comprises a polymer, preferably having acid functionality, and an aqueous solution or dispersion of an organic compound having at least one fatty acid ester and at least one quaternary amine.A method of using a mixture of a polymer, preferably having acid functionality, and an aqueous solution or dispersion of an organic compound having at least one fatty acid ester and at least one quaternary amine as a release coating is also disclosed.The aqueous release coating layer permits the pressure sensitive adhesive layer to be easily separated from the backing layer, even after storage for long durations and under extreme temperature and humidity conditions.

Abstract: A multifilament yarn of polyvinyl alcohol having a degree of polymerization of at least 1500, the yarn having a tensile strength of at least 10 g/d and an index of hot water resistance of at least 50.

Abstract: This invention provides cationic emulsions of bituminous binders of the bitumen/polymer type, formed by a dispersion of an organic phase of the binder in an aqueous phase containing a cationic nitrogenous emulsifier and a mineral or organic acid, the acid being in appropriate quantity so that the pH of the aqueous phase is comprised between 3 and 9. The aqueous phase also contains an agent consisting of at least one water-soluble sequestering salt of polyfunctional nitrogenized carboxylic acid, particularly a salt of alkaline metal or of amine of mono- and di (hydroxy-2 ethyl) glycine and optionally a water-soluble thickening agent. To obtain the emulsions, which are usable for road applications, the emulsifying agent, the sequestering agent and optionally the thickening agent may be used in the form of a premixture containing the agents and called cationic emulsifying system.

Abstract: A polymer composition in the form of an alloy is disclosed, having hydrophilic and anti-fogging properties. The polymer alloy can be used as a coating, as an unsupported film or as a substrate having the desired anti-fogging properties.The composition can be used where hydrophilic properties are desired. Surfaces coated with the composition described herein are more readily wetted by water or aqueous fluids, and may have a coefficient of friction of 0.10 or less when in contact with water.The preferred composition contains a water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol and a water-soluble polyvinyl pyrollidone polymer in a weight ratio of about 4:1 to about 1:10.A crosslinking agent comprised of a melamine, a mineral acid or a strong organic acid is included.The composition is preferably applied to a substrate, such as a lens, and cured to form the coating.

Abstract: A composition comprising a blend of (a) a polymeric matrix component comprising crosslinkable polymers made from 80 to 99 parts by weight of at least one .alpha.,.beta.-ethylenically unsaturated monomer and from 1 to 20 parts by weight of at least one chelating compound, (b) a liquid-absorbent component comprising a water-absorbent, preferably water-soluble, polymer, and (c) a multivalent metal ion as a crosslinking agent. This composition is capable of forming liquid-absorbent, semi-interpenetrating networks. The composition of this invention can provide polymeric matrices which, when coated on a transparent backing, result in transparent coatings capable of providing improved combinations of ink absorption and durability, while at the same time retaining transparency and being amenable to the types of processing commonly used in producing transparent graphical materials.

Abstract: A binder resin for a heat transfer layer, which consists essentially of a polyvinyl acetacetal resin (I) having an acetacetalation degree of at least 87% by weight, the weight ratio of cis-vinyl acetacetal moiety/trans-vinyl acetacetal moiety in the acetacetal moiety of the resin (I) being from 1 to 4.

Abstract: At least an outer layer of a plastic container is formed of a blend including an ethylene-propylene block copolymer containing 3 to 10% by weight, particularly 5 to 9% by weight of ethylene and a melt flow rate of 0.8 to 10 g/10 min. and a polyethylene having a given density at a weight ratio of 9:1 to 5:5. A plastic container made of an olefin resin having a frosted or matted appearance can be manufactured with excellent moldability without requiring any special working such as sand blasting the cavity surface of a mold. The container will gives an impression of shade off, depth and high grade.

Abstract: Disclosed in this invention is a thermoplastic resin composition comprising a thermoplastic resin, a conductive inorganic filler and/or a non-conductive inorganic filler, and an adduct of an ethylene oxide with a saponified product of a copolymer of ethylene and a vinyl ester of a saturated carboxylic acid. The adduct of an alkylene oxide with a saponified product of a copolymer of ethylene and a vinyl ester of a carboxylic acid is an additive having excellent compatibility with the thermoplastic resin and useful for improving dispersibility of the inorganic filler.

Abstract: Corrugating adhesives and premixes containing polyvinyl alcohol reacted with ketone-aldehyde resins are provided which exhibit stable viscosities and excellent adhesive properties. The premix formulations include PVA reacted with a selected resin, preferably in the absence of starch or borax, in order to yield pourable compositions which retain a stable viscosity over extended storage periods at ambient temperature. The premixes can be added to adhesive formulations including starch, alkali and borax to give corrugating adhesives which resist premature gelation and have good wet tack and adhesive properties.

Abstract: Polymer blends of a) polymers containing predominantly mers of (meth)acrylates and/or glutarimides with b) up to about 40 weight percent of polymers having greater than about 50 mol % vinyl alcohol mers exhibit useful barrier properties to oxygen and other environmental gases, while maintaining or enhancing physical properties and clarity.

Abstract: A blend of 5 to 95 percent of an ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer and 95 to 5 percent of an amorphous polyamide having fewer than about 0.100 equivalents of carboxyl end groups per kilogram of polyamide exhibits improved oxidative and thermal stability. The blend is useful for preparing films and multiple layered structures including thermoformed structures and oriented shrink films.

Abstract: A continuous coupled jet-cooking/spray-drying process for processing inherently water-dispersible or water-soluble crystalline polymers, such as starches, polygalactomannan gums, and fully hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohols, is disclosed. It involves the steps of: (a) forming a slurry or paste of the polymer and water, (b) jet-cooking the slurry or paste with steam at a temperature sufficient to fully disperse or solubilize the polymer, (c) immediately conveying and introducing under elevated temperature and pressure the jet-cooked dispersion or solution into a nozzle of a spray-dryer chamber, (d) atomizing the jet-cooked dispersion or solution through the nozzle, (e) drying the atomized mist within the spray-dryer chamber at a temperature sufficient to dry the polymer; and (f) recovering the dried polymer as a water-dispersible or water-soluble powder.

Abstract: Novel crosslinkable hot-melt adhesive compositions, curable by atmospheric moisture, include (i) the prepolymerizate of an hydroxylated ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer with a stoichiometric excess of a polyisocyanate, e.g., a diisocyanate, such prepolymerizate containing an effective crosslinkable amount of free isocyanate functional groups, and, optionally, (ii) an adhesive tackifying resin.

Abstract: Vinyl alcohol polymers having a high syndiotacticity and a high degree of polymerization. They are useful as water-resistant films, heat-resistant films, material for high-strength gel and as paper processing agents.

Abstract: A curable composition comprises a compound having at least two hydroxyl groups and a homopolymer or a copolymer of a polymerizable compound represented by formula (I):A--X--COCOOR.sub.1 (I)wherein R.sub.1 represents a hydrogen atom, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl group or an aryl group; X represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, --COO-- or --NR.sub.5 -- wherein R.sub.5 is a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl group; A represents a C.sub.3 -C.sub.18 alkenyl, alkynyl, alkenylaryl or alkenylaralykyl group, or a group represented by: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.2 and R.sub.3, which may be the same or different, independently represent a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl groups; Y represents an oxygen atom or --NR.sub.4 -- wherein R.sub.4 represents a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl group; n is an integer of 1 to 5;m is an integer of 1 to 10; and 1 is 0 or an integer of 1 to 20;with the proviso that if Y is present, X is not --NR.sub.5 --.

Abstract: Provided is a polyvinyl alcohol having a triad isotacticity of at least 72% and an intrinsic viscosity of at least 0.1 dl/g (deciliter/gram) as determined by measurement of solution viscosity in acetone at 30.degree. C. of the polyvinyl acetate obtained by acetylation thereof. The polyvinyl alcohol of the present invention has a crystalline structure different from those of conventional isotactic polyvinyl alcohols and, as a result, exhibit excellent characteristics including high crystallinity and high melting point, as well as markedly high water resistance and thermal resistance. It has use as a high-strength fiber, high-water-resistant fiber, thermally resistant fiber and thermally resistant film.

Abstract: The saponified product of an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is mixed with an oxidation catalyst to provide a resin composition having improved oxygen barrier quality. For better formability, the composition may be mixed or laminated with another thermoplastic resin such as a polyester.

Abstract: Polymer blends of a) polymers containing predominantly mers of(meth)acrylates and/or glutarimides with b) up to about 40 weight percent of polymers having greater than about 50 mol % vinyl alcohol mers exhibit useful barrier properties to oxygen and other environmental gases, while maintaining or enhancing physical properties and clarity.

Abstract: The present invention provides an adhesive composition that is useful as an energy-curable, one-part adhesive, suitable for bonding electronic components. The adhesive composition, preferably provided as an adhesive film, comprises the reaction product of an admixture of an effective amount of a curable cyanate ester resin, a thermoplastic polymer, and a curing catalyst. The catalyst may be, for example, thermally or photochemically activated.

Abstract: A method for extruding polyvinyl alcohol which comprisesadding sufficient energy to the polyvinyl alcohol to both melt it and essentially eliminate the crystallinity in the melt, andsimultaneously removing energy from the melt at a rate sufficient to avoid decomposition of the polyvinyl alcohol.Rapidly cooling the extruded melt reduces the heat history and improves the resulting color of the extrudable polyvinyl alcohol.

Abstract: Provided are a polyvinyl alcohol fiber having a specific higher order structure, obtained by having the orientation and arrangement of molecular chains forming the fiber which comprises a crystalline region and an amorphous region lie in specific ranges to thereby making the fiber have a break-ing temperature in hot water of at least 125.degree. C., or further at least 130.degree. C. and be excellent in abrasion resistance, while maintaining the tenacity and the modulus of the fiber at high levels; and a process for producing the same.

Abstract: A blenad consisting ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer and a polyamide blend of an amorphous polyamide and a semicrystalline polyamide which is miscible with the amorphous polyamide but substantially immiscible with the vinyl alcohol copolymer exhibits good mechanical and barrier properties as well as good resistance to thermal degradation.

Abstract: A blend of 5 to 95 percent of an ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer and 95 to 5 percent of an amorphous polyamide having fewer than about 0.100 equivalents of carboxyl end groups per kilogram of polyamide exhibits improved oxidative and thermal stability. The blend is useful for preparing films and multiple layered structures including thermoformed structures and oriented shrink films.

Abstract: High molecular weight polyvinyl alcohols can be modified with amino compounds such as acrylamide in a one-step low temperature reaction to produce products having higher viscosity than those prepared in costly two-step high temperature modification reactions.

Abstract: Polymeric blends of (a) linear alternating polymer of carbon monoxide and at least one ethylenically unsaturated hydrocarbon with (b) reaction product of carbon monoxide and ethylenically unsaturated hydrocarbon with other polymeric material selected from polymeric polyols and diene rubbers are obtained when the linear alternating polymer is produced in the presence of the other polymeric material.

Abstract: A film easily soluble in cold water comprises a water-soluble copolymer composed of 6 to 40 mol % of an allyl ester moiety and 94 to 60 mol % of a vinyl ester moiety and having a degree of sponification of not less than 65 mol %. The film is easily soluble in cold water and such solubility in cold water is not lowered even if it comes into contact with either alkaline or acidic materials and it can suitably used as wrapping material for packages which are directly thrown into water together with packed materials.

Abstract: A heat transfer sheet comprises a substrate sheet and a heat transfer layer laminated on the substrate sheet and containing a dye which can be caused to migrate by heating to be transferred onto a transferable sheet, said heat transfer sheet containing a polyvinyl acetacetal resin as a binder component, the acetal moiety of said polyvinyl acetacetal resin being 50% by weight or more based on the total amount of the resin, and 80% by weight or more of said acetal moiety comprising polyvinyl acetacetal.A process for producing a polyvinyl acetacetal resin by the reaction of a polyvinyl alcohol and acetaldehyde in an aqueous phase in the presence of 4 to 10% by weight of an acid catalyst comprises initiating precipitation of an acetalated product by maintaining the reaction system at a temperature of 8.degree. to 17.degree. C. for 30 minutes or longer, and then maintaining said reaction at a temperature of 25.degree. to 40.degree. C.

Abstract: Polymers with polyvinyl acetal groups, which contain acetalized polyvinyl alcohol groups on polyurethane grafting substrates and which are prepared from graft polymers, containing vinyl alcohol groups on polyurethane grafting substrates, by reaction with aldehydes according to known methods. The aldehydes used can be any known aldehydes capable of acetalization reactions.The polyurethane grafting substrates contain at least 2 urethane groups in the molecule and units from diisocyanates and diols, and polymer radicals of units of vinyl carboxylates having 3 to 20 carbon atoms and/or hydrolysis products thereof and, if appropriate, further monomer units are grafted onto the polyurethane grafting subtrates. The proportion of vinyl alcohol units in the hydrolyzed or partially hydrolyzed graft polymers before the acetalization is >10% by weight.In the acetalized polymer, the content of residual unacetalized vinyl alcohol units is >7.

Abstract: The polyvinyl alcohol of the present invention is a partially saponified polyvinyl alcohol having a saponification degree of 70 to 98 mol % and containing a larger amount of methanol-soluble substances than that contained in polyvinyl alcohols having the same saponification degree obtained by known processes, and is novel.And, the process for producing polyvinyl alcohol of the present invention comprises saponifying polyvinyl esters in a solvent of a polyoxyalkylene ether having in the molecule thereof a structural unit represented by the general formula [I]:--O).sub.l (R.sup.1 --O).sub.m (R.sup.2 --O).sub.n [I]wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each represents an alkylene group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms in the main chain thereof, which may be substituted with a lower alkyl group or lower alkoxy group; l is an integer of 0 or 1; m and n each represents 0 or an integer of 1 to 10; and l+m+n.gtoreq.2; with the catalyst of an aliphatic or aromatic sulfonic acid at an elevated temperature in the presence of water.

Abstract: Polyvinyl alcohol films are provided which are gelled, non-tacky, bubble-free and resistant to water at ambient temperatures. The polyvinyl alcohol film is obtained by plasticizing (fluxing) and melting granules of pure polyvinyl alcohol containing from 25 to 35% by weight of water at a temperature at least 100.degree. C. above the equilibrium melting point of the granules and less than or equal to 220.degree. C., and extruding the melted granules through a die at a temperature at least 5.degree. C. above the equilibrium melting point of the granules and less than or equal to 98.degree. C., optionally followed by monoaxial stretching or biaxial stretching of the unstretched film obtained. The stretched or unstretched film may be heat-treated to improve its properties. The polyvinyl alcohol film can be used to prepare with thermoplastic films composite films or sheets having a high gas impermeability.

Abstract: This invention pertains to optical and electrical switching devices and to novel polymers containing pendant organic charge transfer moieties and useful in the fabrication of the switching devices.

Abstract: A film easily soluble in cold water includes a water-soluble copolymer composed of 2 to 40 mol % of an allyl ester moiety, 97.5 to 50 mol % of a vinyl ester moiety and 0.5 to 10 mol % of at least one member selected from the group consisting of unsaturated monocarboxylic acid, unsaturated dicarboxylic acid and anhydrides thereof, and the copolymer has a degree of saponification of not less than 65 mol %. The film is easily soluble in cold water and such solubility in cold water is not lowered even if the film comes into contact with either alkaline or acidic materials and it can suitably used as wrapping material for packages which are directly thrown into water together with packed materials. The copolymer may be used of such an allyl ester, vinyl ester and further one of unsaturated carboxylic acids.

Abstract: An oxygen barrier blend for use in containers requiring good oxygen barrier properties which comprises more than 70% of an ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer and the balance an amorphous nylon having no melting point. Such a blend is used in a laminate structure which can be thermoformed into such oxygen barrier containers.

Abstract: Absorbing polymer consisting of a polymer A which is an optionally modified polyvinyl alcohol or an optionally modified polysaccharide or a mixture of these, and of a polymer B which is a maleic anhydride homo- or copolymer having a hydrolysis time of 5 to 120 minutes, the anhydride groups being open and 0.005 to 5 mol % of the acid functions being esterified with hydroxyl groups of polymer A, and the remaining acid functions being present as free acid groups, as salts or as acid amide groups, an absorbing product containing this polymer and a process for their preparation.

Abstract: Carbon monoxide-containing ethylene polymers are blended with vinyl alcohol polymers, including vinyl alcohol homopolymers and copolymers, to prepare oxygen barrier resins having good processability.

Abstract: A blend consisting essentially of a major portion of an amorphous polyamide and a minor portion of an ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer exhibits gas barrier properties which are less dependent on humidity than are those of either of the component polymers. Films and laminated structures which incorporate the material of these blends are suitable for use as packaging materials.

Abstract: Method for the preparation of a partially hydrolyzed polyvinyl acetate by polymerizing vinyl acetate in ethanolic solution at a vinyl acetate/ethanol weight ratio of lower than 0.7, cooling the solution until it separates into upper and lower phases, separating the lower phase containing polyvinyl acetate, and hydrolyzing the polyvinyl acetate. The resultant partially hydrolyzed polyvinyl acetate is suitable for use in polymerization of vinyl chloride in aqueous suspension.

Abstract: Carbon monoxide-containing ethylene polymers are blended with vinyl alcohol polymers, including vinyl alcohol homopolymers and copolymers, to prepare oxygen barrier resins having good processability.