Material Contains Carboxylic Acid, Salt, Ester, Or Anhydride Thereof Patents (Class 526/213)
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Patent number: 4098718Abstract: Stable surface-active agents are produced by neutralizing the reaction product of maleic anhydride adducts of alpha-methylstyrene compounds and alpha-methylstyrene dimer compounds with sodium and potassium hydroxide solution.Type: GrantFiled: April 22, 1977Date of Patent: July 4, 1978Assignee: The Goodyear Tire & Rubber CompanyInventors: Mario D. Zadra, James J. Tazuma
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Patent number: 4097420Abstract: The invention relates to a method for preparation of hydrophilic macroporous ion exchangers of the amphoteric character which are suitable above all for isolation and separation of biological materials. The preparation consists in copolymerization of anionogenous monomers, as sulfoalkyl acrylates and methacrylates, sulfoalkylacrylamides, sulfoalkylmethacrylamides, acrylic and methacrylic acid, with cationogenous monomers, as aminoalkyl acrylates and methacrylates, aminoalkylacrylamides, aminoalkylmethacrylamides and their quaternary ammonium derivatives, and with crosslinking monomers, as alkylene or oligo and polyglycol diacrylates and dimethacrylates, bisacrylamides, bismethacrylamides and divlnylbenzene, in the water dispersion system containing inert organic compounds, as alcohols, acids, amines or nitriles.Type: GrantFiled: February 7, 1975Date of Patent: June 27, 1978Assignee: Ceskoslovenska akademie vedInventors: Otakar Mikes, Petr Strop, Jiri Coupek
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Patent number: 4091197Abstract: Micro-suspension polymerization of vinyl chloride monomers and comonomers with a seed in the form of a previously prepared dispersion of the polymer or copolymer containing all of the organo-soluble initiator required for the polymerization, in which the initiator is activated during the polymerization by the addition of an organo-metallic complex of a water-soluble metal salt reacted with a complexing agent.Type: GrantFiled: December 5, 1975Date of Patent: May 23, 1978Inventors: Nicolas Fischer, Jacques Boissel, Thomas Kemp, Henri Eyer
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Patent number: 4085262Abstract: A high polymeric substance having isocyanate group is produced by reacting a liquid high polymeric substance containing carbon-to-carbon unsaturated double bond or a solution of said high polymeric substance with a cyanate, an alkyl hypohalite and an organic carboxylic acid.Type: GrantFiled: November 1, 1976Date of Patent: April 18, 1978Assignee: Bridgestone Tire Company LimitedInventors: Toshio Honda, Itsuo Tanuma, Shoji Tanaka, Koichi Iwami, Yukio Fukuura, Shoson Shibata, Yoshikatsu Suzuki
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Patent number: 4076921Abstract: A starting monomer mixture containing a minor amount of a cross linking agent is precipitation polymerized in a diluent/precipitant which is an unlimited solvent for the starting monomers but is neither a solvent nor a substantial swelling agent for the resultant polymer. The resultant product falling from the polymerization contains soluble and insoluble hydrophilic polymers and copolymers.Type: GrantFiled: October 13, 1972Date of Patent: February 28, 1978Assignee: Ceskoslovenska akademie vedInventors: Miroslav Stol, Vladimir Stoy, Zdenek Tuzar
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Patent number: 4072810Abstract: A new class of compounds: R-W-R' where R and R' are identical oxy radicals containing peroxide functions such as dialkyl or diaralkyl peroxide, peroxyketal, peroxyester, or monoperoxycarbonate, and W is a carbonyl group, or carbonyl containing group, or an alkylidene or aralkylidene group, or a phosphorus containing group.Examples:Di[1,3-dimethyl-3-(t-butylperoxy)butyl] carbonate;Di[1,3-dimethyl-3-(n-butoxycarbonylperoxy)butyl] carbonate;2,2-Bis[3,3-di(t-butylperoxy)butoxy] propane;Di[1,3-dimethyl-3-(t-butylperoxy)butyl] ethyl phosphate.They are free radical affording compounds useful in crosslinking of polyolefins and unsaturated polymers, and for the polymerization of vinyl monomers and diolefinic monomers.Type: GrantFiled: March 16, 1973Date of Patent: February 7, 1978Assignee: Pennwalt CorporationInventors: Antonio J. D'Angelo, Orville L. Mageli, Chester S. Sheppard
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Patent number: 4065430Abstract: A functional group containing polymer, particularly useful for producing relief images, printing plates, and photographic duplications, containing 1 to 90 mol percent of the monomer unit represented by general formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; R.sub.2 is a divalent group containing 2 to 10 carbon atoms; R.sub.3 is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom (such as chlorine, bromine) a methoxy group, a nitro group or a methyl group; R.sub.4 is a hydrogen atom, a cyano group or a carbamoyl group; X and Y each represents --O--, --S--, or --NR.sub.5 --; and R.sub.5 represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl group or an ethyl group, a method of preparing the above described functional group containing polymer and a composition containing the functional group containing polymer.Type: GrantFiled: October 9, 1975Date of Patent: December 27, 1977Assignee: Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.Inventor: Masato Satomura
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Mixing of organosulfur molecular weight modifier with emulsifier for emulsion polymerization systems
Patent number: 4064337Abstract: Organosulfur molecular weight regulators for emulsion polymerization systems, such as mercaptan compounds, are mixed and agitated with the aqueous emulsifier prior to use in emulsion polymerization systems. The modifying efficiency of the organosulfur molecular weight modifiers can be controlled by the degree of agitation. In many cases, adding the agitated mixture incrementally to the emulsion polymerization system further improves effectiveness of the modifier.Type: GrantFiled: December 11, 1972Date of Patent: December 20, 1977Assignee: Phillips Petroleum CompanyInventors: Carl A. Uraneck, John E. Burleigh -
Patent number: 4058491Abstract: Novel cationic hydrogels, containing basic (cationic) groups in their molecular structure, and processes for their preparation are described. These novel hydrogels are stable, three-dimensional polymer networks, having good water permeability and mechanical properties.Type: GrantFiled: February 11, 1975Date of Patent: November 15, 1977Assignee: Plastomedical Sciences, Inc.Inventor: Robert Steckler
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Patent number: 4055714Abstract: Compounds which contain azo or peroxide linkages as well as the radical of an ultraviolet light stabilizing group are described. These compounds function as polymerization initiators which cause an ultraviolet light stabilization group to be chemically bound to the polymer.Type: GrantFiled: April 27, 1976Date of Patent: October 25, 1977Assignee: Pennwalt CorporationInventors: Chester S. Sheppard, Ronald E. MacLeay
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Patent number: 4051167Abstract: Aliphatic peroxyester polymerization initiators whose thermal stability is controlled by a bromine or chlorine substituent on the carbon atom in the alpha position relative to the carbonyl group in the acid moity of the perester. The initiators show increased efficiency for the polymerization of methyl methacrylate, styrene, ethylene, and in curing unsaturated polyester resins. Typical is 1,1,3,3-tetramethyl butyl peroxy 2-chlorolaurate.Type: GrantFiled: December 19, 1975Date of Patent: September 27, 1977Assignee: Argus Chemical CorporationInventor: Roger N. Lewis
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Patent number: 4048423Abstract: Unsymmetrical azo compounds (R").sub.3 C--N.dbd.N--R' where (R").sub.3 C-- is tert.-aliphatic and R' is --C(R.sub.1)(R.sub.2)(Z) or ##STR1## e.g., 1-t-butylazo-1-chlorocyclohexane, their use as vinyl polymerization initiators and polyester resin curing agents, and methods for preparing same from t-aliphatic hydrazones and t-aliphatic .alpha.-halo-substituted azoalkanes.Type: GrantFiled: March 29, 1976Date of Patent: September 13, 1977Assignee: Pennwalt CorporationInventors: Ronald Edward MacLeay, Chester Stephen Sheppard
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Patent number: 4043940Abstract: Storage stable liquid compositions are prepared from solid acyl alkylsulfonyl peroxides and polar or polarizable solvents or solvent mixtures. The compositions are liquid at 0.degree. to -40.degree. C and are useful as free-radical initiators for polymerizaton of vinyl monomers.Type: GrantFiled: July 15, 1975Date of Patent: August 23, 1977Assignee: Pennwalt CorporationInventor: Jose Sanchez
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Patent number: 4042773Abstract: Compounds which contain azo or peroxide linkages as well as the radical of an ultraviolet light stabilizing group are described. These compounds function as polymerization initiators which cause an ultraviolet light stabilization group to be chemically bound to the polymer.Type: GrantFiled: April 27, 1976Date of Patent: August 16, 1977Assignee: Pennwalt CorporationInventors: Chester S. Sheppard, Ronald E. MacLeay
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Patent number: 4029863Abstract: In a process of bulk vinyl chloride polymerization involving a two stage stationary reaction zone polymerization wherein high speed agitation is used during the first stage and slow speed agitation is used in the second stage, the polymerization in the first stage is conducted in contact with an organic or inorganic, inert, fine particle size material, solid at least at reaction temperatures and insoluble in the monomer or monomers used, or an anionic, cationic, or nonionic surfactant, or mixtures thereof. By the present polymerization method using economical conventional agitation equipment, small particle size polyvinyl chloride homopolymers or copolymers are produced which are useful as extender resins in plastisols.Type: GrantFiled: July 21, 1975Date of Patent: June 14, 1977Assignee: Hooker Chemicals & Plastics CorporationInventor: Anthony L. Lemper
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Patent number: 4029875Abstract: Radical polymerization of ethylene in the presence of an initiator and up to 500 ppm of a cyclic olefin having from 5 to 12 carbon atoms and a ring of 5 to 9 members or styrene and its alkyl homologues.Type: GrantFiled: April 21, 1976Date of Patent: June 14, 1977Assignee: Societe Chimique des Charbonnages-CdF ChimieInventors: Pierre Gloriod, Jean Pierre Machon
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Patent number: 4008175Abstract: Ethylenically unsaturated material susceptible to free-radical polymerization, e.g., vinyl chloride and unsaturated polyesters, is polymerized, e.g., in an aqueous medium with an alkaline buffering reagent and an initiator system comprising an acid anhydride, e.g., isobutyric anhydride, and a peroxygen compound selected from an organic peroxy acid (peracid), e.g., peracetic acid, and hydrogen peroxide. Optionally, a further organic free-radical type initiator, e.g., lauroyl peroxide, a dialkyl peroxydicarbonate or azobisisobutyronitrile, is used in combination with the acid anhydride and peroxygen compound.Preferably, the anhydride and peroxygen compound are introduced separately into the polymerization medium. It is believed that at least a portion of the anhydride combines with the peroxygen compound to form the corresponding diacyl peroxide.Type: GrantFiled: July 9, 1975Date of Patent: February 15, 1977Assignee: PPG Industries, Inc.Inventor: James A. Barter
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Patent number: 4001482Abstract: An improvement in the method of preparing vinyl halide-containing polymers by suspension polymerization is disclosed. Briefly, the improvement comprises "tail-peaking" the reaction mass prior to stripping in order to remove vinyl halide. By "tail-peaking" is meant increasing the temperature of polymerization towards the latter part of the polymerization reaction. In one aspect the improvement comprises the additional feature of conducting the polymerization in the presence of a plasticizer.Type: GrantFiled: April 30, 1975Date of Patent: January 4, 1977Assignee: Continental Oil CompanyInventor: Peter A. Schwab
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Patent number: 3988305Abstract: A starting monomer mixture containing a minor amount of a cross linking agent is precipitation polymerized in a diluent/precipitant which is an unlimited solvent for the starting monomers but is neither a solvent or a substantial swelling agent for the resultant polymer. The amount of cross linking agent is maintained during polymerization at a critically low percent by volume relative to the entire polymerization mixture. The resultant product falling from the polymerization contains substantially only soluble hydrophilic polymers and copolymers.Type: GrantFiled: January 2, 1975Date of Patent: October 26, 1976Assignee: Ceskoslovenska akademie vedInventors: Miroslav Stol, Vladimir Stoy, Zdenek Tuzar
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Patent number: 3985718Abstract: Four component polymerization initiators for olefinic monomers comprise (1) an oxidizing agent such as hydrogen peroxide, a persulphate, a permanganate, a chlorate, a perchlorate, a bichromate, a bromate, a ceric salt, an oxazirane, an organic peroxide or an organic hydroperoxide, (2) a chelate compound of a metal such as titanium, iron, vanadium, aluminum, tin, manganese, chromium, cobalt, copper, zinc or bismuth in which the metal is not fully coordinated, (3) an electron donor in amount at most equal to that required to complex completely the said metal of the chelate compound, the said electron donor being for example an amine, a monoalcohol, an ether, an aldehyde, a ketone, an imine, an oxime, an amide, a sulphonamide, or a phosphonamide, and (4) a chelate complex or salt which is different from the chelate compound (2) and in which the metal may be for example, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, chromium, vanadium or tin, the degree of coordination of the said metal being different from that of the metType: GrantFiled: August 5, 1974Date of Patent: October 12, 1976Assignee: Rhone-Poulenc S.A.Inventors: Henri Chabert, Robert Chapurlat, Claude Gigou, Michel Ruaud
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Patent number: 3978032Abstract: Ethylenically unsaturated material susceptible to free-radical polymerization, e.g., vinyl chloride monomer, is polymerized, e.g., in an aqueous medium, with an initiator system comprising, in combination, alkaline buffering reagent, e.g., sodium bicarbonate, organic acid anhydride, e.g., isobutyric anhydride, peroxygen compound selected from organic peroxy acid (peracid), e.g., peracetic acid, and hydrogen peroxide, and alkyl haloformate, e.g., ethyl chloroformate. The initiator system is added to the polymerization medium to form the initiator(s) in situ.Type: GrantFiled: February 28, 1975Date of Patent: August 31, 1976Assignee: PPG Industries, Inc.Inventor: James A. Manner
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Patent number: 3976615Abstract: Epoxy ether-amino acrylate polymers dispersible in water with the aid of an acid are provided by etherifying a polyepoxide with an ethylenically unsaturated alcohol to provide an unsaturated hydroxy-functional polyether containing from about 1.2 to about 2.0 ethylenically unsaturated ether groups per molecule. This polyether is copolymerized in organic solvent solution with monoethylenically unsaturated monomers including amine-functional monomer to provide an amine copolymer which is solubilized in water with an acid at a pH of 5.0-7.0. These water dispersions which are formed can be electrodeposited at the cathode to form valuable coatings despite the approximately neutral pH of the bath from which they are deposited.Type: GrantFiled: November 13, 1974Date of Patent: August 24, 1976Assignee: DeSoto, Inc.Inventor: Kazys Sekmakas
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Patent number: 3975338Abstract: A vinyl chloride polymer for providing a vinyl chloride paste which has a good thermal stability, a stability to sol viscosity and an excellent air release capability in the natural state or in a short period of time under a moderately low pressure is produced by using, in the production thereof, as an emulsifying agent, the alkali metal salts and/or ammonium salts of a mixture of a major amount of olefin alkyl sulfonates and a minor amount of hydroxyalkyl sulfonates (hereinafter olefin alkyl/hydroxyalkyl sulfonates) having from about 8 to 20 carbon atoms, in the polymerization thereof or in the preparation of a vinyl chloride paste from the polymerized product.Type: GrantFiled: December 21, 1973Date of Patent: August 17, 1976Assignee: Kanegafuchi Chemical Industries Co., Ltd.Inventors: Katsuya Tsubota, Shigeru Motani, Tatsuo Hasue, Yasuhiro Nijima
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Patent number: 3970609Abstract: A method for preparation of polymethacrylate esters by the anionic polymerization characterized by application of new initiation systems based on esters of .alpha.-lithio carboxylic acids having 2-30 carbon atoms in a straight or branched chain and 1-6 ester groups in a molecule, or on their adducts or complexes with lithium alkoxides having 3-16 carbon atoms in a straight or branched chain. The polymerization is carried out at temperatures -70.degree. to +50.degree. C, preferably at +20.degree. C, with the monomer - to - initiator ratio equal 10 to 1500. The polymers which have new mechanical and solution properties due to the new preparation method are suitable as additives into mineral oils increasing their viscosity indexes and suppressing their solidification temperature, as a cement in medical practice, and the like.Type: GrantFiled: May 6, 1974Date of Patent: July 20, 1976Assignee: Ceskoslovenska akademie vedInventors: Lubomir Lochman, Miroslava Rodova, Jiri Trekoval
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Patent number: 3968185Abstract: Disclosed is a method for crosslinking elastomers containing randomly distributed sites of conjugated olefinic unsaturation of which the crosslinks are comprised of chains of free radical polymerizable monomers.Type: GrantFiled: December 9, 1974Date of Patent: July 6, 1976Inventors: Francis P. Baldwin, Alberto Malatesta
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Patent number: 3966697Abstract: High molecular weight polybutadiene, polyisoprene and other hydrocarbon polymers having a high vinyl and a low 1,4-trans-double bond content, which are useful in the manufacture of tire treads and carcasses, are produced employing as catalyst system (a) a cobalt compound; (b) a halogen-containing organoaluminum compound; and (c) a tris-(aryl) phosphite of the formula P--(OR.sub.1), (--OR.sub.2),--OR.sub.3 wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are monocyclic halogenated aryl, or diaryl, naphthyl, anthracenyl or phenanthryl or the corresponding halogenated and/or alkylated polycyclic aryl; and optionally (d) an H-acidic compound, e.g., water.Type: GrantFiled: December 9, 1974Date of Patent: June 29, 1976Assignee: Chemische Werke Huls AktiengesellschaftInventors: Wolfgang Kampf, Karl-Heinz Nordsiek
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Patent number: 3965145Abstract: A new class of compounds: R--W--R' were R and R' are identical oxy radicals containing peroxide functions such as dialkyl or diaralkyl peroxide, peroxyketal, peroxyester, or monoperoxycarbonate, and W is a carbonyl group, or carbonyl containing group, or an alkylidene or aralkylidene group, or a phosphorus containing group.ExamplesDi[1,3-dimethyl-3-(t-butylperoxy)butyl]carbonate;Di[1,3-dimethyl-3-(n-butoxycarbonylperoxy)butyl]carbonate;2,2-Bis[3,3-di(t-butylperoxy)butoxy]propane;Di[1,3-dimethyl-3-(t-butylperoxy)butyl]ethyl phosphate.They are free radical affording compounds useful in crosslinking of polyolefins and unsaturated polymers, and for the polymerization of vinyl monomers and diolefinic monomers.Type: GrantFiled: January 16, 1974Date of Patent: June 22, 1976Assignee: Pennwalt CorporationInventors: Antonio Joseph D'Angelo, Orville Leonard Mageli, Chester Stephen Sheppard
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Patent number: 3962204Abstract: This invention provides a method for the preparation of polyolefins by polymerizing or copolymerizing an olefin or olefins in the presence of a catalyst composed of a titanium compound and/or vanadium compound component supported on a solid carrier and an organometallic compound component, said solid carrier comprising a reaction product obtained by reacting (1) an aluminum compound represented by the general formula Al(OOCR)(OR').sub.2 wherein R and R' being the same or different each represent alkyl, aryl or aralkyl and (2) a magnesium compound represented by the general formula Mg(OR').sub.2 where R" being the same as or different from R and/or R' is alkyl, aryl or aralkyl at a molar ratio of (1):(2) of substantially at least 2:1.Type: GrantFiled: May 16, 1974Date of Patent: June 8, 1976Assignee: Nippon Oil Company Ltd.Inventors: Kazuo Matsuura, Nobuyuki Kuroda, Toru Nakamura, Mituji Miyoshi
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Patent number: 3959234Abstract: A method of polymerizing imide type norbornene derivatives which comprises the ring-opening polymerization of imide type norbornene derivatives containing at least one N-substituted cyclic imide group or a mixture consisting of said norbornene derivatives as the main component and cycloolefins in the presence of a catalytic system comprising organic aluminum compounds and tungsten and/or molybdenum compounds.Type: GrantFiled: November 1, 1974Date of Patent: May 25, 1976Assignee: Showa Denko Kabushiki KaishaInventors: Shigeru Kurosawa, Takashi Ueshima, Shoichi Kobayashi
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Patent number: 3959235Abstract: Vinyl chloride monomer, or a monomeric mixture comprising vinyl chloride as a main component and other monomers co-polymerizable therewith in an aqueous reaction medium, is polymerized in a polymerization vessel. All of the surfaces of the inside walls of the vessel and the agitator blades, the baffle plates and the like with which the vessel is equipped, are coated prior to the polymerization with at least one of a specific class of nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocyclic compounds. Not only is the deposition of polymer scale surprisingly reduced, but also the polymer thus obtained has good physical and chemical properties.Type: GrantFiled: July 17, 1975Date of Patent: May 25, 1976Assignee: Kanegafuchi Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki KaishaInventors: Masahiko Nishigaki, Masami Ohnishi, Yosuke Ichikawa, Kazuhiko Katayama
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Patent number: 3957737Abstract: An unsaturated hydrocarbon elastomer with a high molecular weight is reacted upon an oxidizer and a reducer forming a redox couple, in an organic solvent medium in the absence of air or in an aqueous medium, the oxidizer being selected from the group consisting of hydrogen peroxide and organic peroxides, and the reducer being selected from the group consisting of sulphinic acids and their derivatives and of hydrazine and its derivatives.The pasty to liquid materials obtained give, after having been vulcanized and possibly reinforced, elastomeric products.Type: GrantFiled: January 24, 1975Date of Patent: May 18, 1976Assignee: Anvar, Agence Nationale de Valorisation de la RechercheInventors: Rene Pautrat, Jacques Marteau
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Patent number: 3954841Abstract: Curable compositions are provided by the interaction of bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate with unsaturated epoxy derivatives such as allyl glycidyl ether to form unsaturated poly(ester-ethers).Type: GrantFiled: June 24, 1974Date of Patent: May 4, 1976Assignee: Celanese CorporationInventor: Robert W. Stackman
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Patent number: 3954812Abstract: Viscous polybutenes of number average molecular weight (M.sub.n) in the range of about 300 to about 3000 have improved reactivity with intramolecular anhydrides of unsaturated aliphatic dicarboxylic acids when such polybutenes contain rather small amounts, i.e., 5 to 200 ppm, of halogenated, preferably chlorinated and/or brominated carboxylic or sulfonic acid. Preference is given to such halogen containing compounds having a sufficient vapor pressure at a temperature in the range of 100.degree. to 300.degree.C to be substantially completely removed at absolute pressures in the range of 5 to 760 mm Hg. Use of such polybutenes containing such halogenated compounds in the addition reaction with said unsaturated anhydrides can reduce formation of undesired tarry product resulting from polymerization and/or thermal decomposition of the unsaturated anhydrides and enhance yield of desired alkenyl-substituted anhydride.Type: GrantFiled: May 10, 1973Date of Patent: May 4, 1976Assignee: Standard Oil CompanyInventors: Imre Puskas, John A. Cengel
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Patent number: 3951528Abstract: The present application discloses a polymeric plastic material suitable for contact lenses. It is made from a monomer having the formula ##EQU1## wherein n is 2 or 3, in the substantial absence of diunsaturated and polyunsaturated monomers. The mixture subjected to polymerization may also contain as an additional comonomer a compound having the formula ##EQU2## wherein R is hydrogen or CH.sub.3, and R' is a lower alkyl group, or a group (C.sub.2 H.sub.4 O).sub.m H where m is an integer of at least 1. The application also discloses a post-heating or post-curing step, the machining of the plastic into contact lenses followed by washing in dilute alkali to neutralize any residual acid material within the plastic, followed in turn by heating in normal saline or isotonic solution to make the lens compatible with the eyeball.Type: GrantFiled: July 23, 1975Date of Patent: April 20, 1976Assignee: Patent Structures, Inc.Inventor: Harry R. Leeds