Abstract: Disclosed are certain polymeric compounds and their use as organic semiconductors in organic and hybrid optical, optoelectronic, and/or electronic devices such as photovoltaic cells, light emitting diodes, light emitting transistors, field effect transistors, and photodetectors. The disclosed compounds can provide improved device performance, for example, as measured by power conversion efficiency, fill factor, open circuit voltage, field-effect mobility, on/off current ratios, and/or air stability when used in photovoltaic cells or transistors. The disclosed compounds can have good solubility in common solvents enabling device fabrication via solution processes.

Abstract: A polymer is obtained from copolymerization of a recurring unit having a carboxyl and/or phenolic hydroxyl group substituted with an acid labile group and a recurring unit having formula (1) wherein R1 is methyl, ethyl, propyl, methoxy, ethoxy or propoxy, R2 is H or CH3, and m is 1 to 4. The polymer is used as a base resin to formulate a resist composition, which is improved in contrast of alkali dissolution rate before and after exposure, acid diffusion control, resolution, and profile and edge roughness of a pattern after exposure.

Abstract: The invention provides a photopolymerisable or photocrosslinkable reactive mesogen for forming a charge transporting or light emitting polymer network, the mesogen having an asymmetric structure (II): B1—S1-A1-M-(A-S—B)n (II) wherein: A and A1 are chromophores; S and S1 are spacers; B and B1 are endgroups which are susceptible to photopolymerisation or photocrosslinking; M is a non-chromophoric aliphatic, alicyclic or aromatic moiety; and n is an integer from 1 to 3; wherein, when the value of n is greater than 1, each of the groups A, S and B may be the same or different. Preferably, M is of the formula Y—Zm, wherein Y is an aliphatic, alicyclic, aromatic or heterocyclic moiety, Z is an aliphatic linking group and m is an integer from 2 to 4, and wherein each of the Z groups may be the same or different.

Abstract: A polymer having a structure represented by: wherein R1 and R2 are independently selected from a hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group; Ar1 and Ar2 are independently an aromatic or heteroaromatic group comprising about 4 to about 30 carbon atoms, and can be optionally substituted; Ar3 and Ar4 are independently an aromatic or heteroaromatic group comprising about 4 to about 20 carbon atoms, and can be optionally substituted; “a” and “b” are independently an integer from about 1 to about 4; “c” and “d” are independently an integer from about 0 to about 2; R3, R4, R5, and R6, are independently selected from a hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cyano, and a halogen; and “n” represents a number from about 2 to about 5,000.

Abstract: Disclose is a triphenylamine derivative with a low band gap. The triphenylamine derivative is represented by Formula (I): wherein R1 and Ar are as defined in the specification. Further disclosed is a high efficiency organic photovoltaic cell using the derivative.

Abstract: A method including activating an electronic device, such as an organic thin film transistor, by exposing the device to non-ionizing radiation while the device is under an electrical field. Activation of the transistor increases the field effect mobility of the transistor.

Abstract: Photovoltaic cells with thiazole-containing polymers, as well as related components, systems, and methods, are disclosed.

Abstract: A copolymer having a structure represented by: wherein R1 and R2 are independently selected from a hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group; Ar1 and Ar2 are independently an aromatic or heteroaromatic group including about 4 to about 30 carbon atoms, and can be optionally substituted; a and b are independently an integer from 1 to about 4; Ar3 and Ar4 are independently an aromatic or heteroaromatic group comprising about 4 to about 20 carbon atoms, and can be optionally substituted; c and e are independently an integer from about 0 to about 2; d is 1 to 4 and the carbon-carbon double bond is in the E-configuration; and n represents a number from 2 to about 5,000.

Abstract: Cross-conjugated donor-acceptor polymers, methods for their preparation, devices that include polymers, and methods for the preparation and use of the devices.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing a composition comprising polythiophene, comprising the method steps: I) provision of a composition Z1 comprising thiophene monomers and an oxidising agent; II) oxidative polymerisation of the thiophene monomers by reducing the oxidising agent to a reduction product and oxidation of the thiophene monomer, to form a polythiophene and a composition Z2 comprising the reduction product; III) at least partial removal of the reduction product from the composition Z2 obtained in method step II), to obtain a composition Z3; wherein it is ensured that, following completion of method step III), the content of non-polymerised thiophene monomer in the composition Z3 is in the range from 1 ppm to 100 ppm, based on the total weight of the composition Z3.

Abstract: Disclosed are certain polymeric compounds and their use as organic semiconductors in organic and hybrid optical, optoelectronic, and/or electronic devices such as photovoltaic cells, light emitting diodes, light emitting transistors, and field effect transistors. The disclosed compounds can provide improved device performance, for example, as measured by power conversion efficiency, fill factor, open circuit voltage, field-effect mobility, on/off current ratios, and/or air stability when used in photovoltaic cells or transistors. The disclosed compounds can have good solubility in common solvents enabling device fabrication via solution processes.

Abstract: A positive resist composition including a base component (A) which exhibits increased solubility in an alkali developing solution under action of acid and an acid-generator component (B) which generates acid upon exposure, the base component (A) including a polymeric compound (A1) containing a structural unit (a0) represented by general formula (a0-1) (R2 represents a divalent linking group, and R3 represents a cyclic group containing —SO2— within the ring skeleton thereof) and a structural unit (a1) derived from an acrylate ester containing an acid dissociable, dissolution inhibiting group.

Abstract: A copolymer having a structure represented by: wherein R1 and R2 are independently selected from a hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group; Ar1 and Ar2 are independently an aromatic or heteroaromatic group including about 4 to about 30 carbon atoms, and can be optionally substituted; a and b are independently an integer from 1 to about 4; Ar3 and Ar4 are independently an aromatic or heteroaromatic group comprising about 4 to about 20 carbon atoms, and can be optionally substituted; c and e are independently an integer from about 0 to about 2; d is 1 to 4 and the carbon-carbon double bond is in the E-configuration; and n represents a number from 2 to about 5,000.

Abstract: The synthesis, characterization, optical and electrochemical properties of a regioregular copolymer, poly(3-octylthiophene-2,5-diyl-co-3-decyloxythiophene-2,5-diyl) (POT-co-DOT), and an alternating regioregular copolymer poly{(9,9-dioctylfluorene)-2,7-diyl-alt-[4,7-bis(3-decyloxythien-2-yl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole]-5?,5?-diyl} (PF-co-DTB) is disclosed. The incorporation of 3-alkoxythiophene units onto the conjugated backbones enhances the electron-donating property of the polymer and lowers its bandgap. The fabrication and performance of photovoltaic cells with bulk heterojunction architecture based on blends of these copolymers with PCBM are also described.

Abstract: Provided is a polymerizable composition of (a) a monomer composition including ethylenically unsaturated monomer having a ?-epithiopropyl functional group; (b) optionally, a compound having two or more ?-epithiopropyl functional groups but no polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated groups; (c) an isourea functional polymerization initiator; and (d) a catalyst for reaction between the ?-epithiopropyl functional groups. Also provided is a method of reducing the yellowness index of a sulfur-containing polymerizate prepared by addition polymerization, the method including reacting in the presence of an isourea functional polymerization initiator and a catalyst for reaction between ?-epithiopropyl functional groups, a polymerizable composition of: (a) a monomer composition including ethylenically unsaturated monomer having a ?-epithiopropyl functional group; and, optionally, (b) a compound having two or more ?-epithiopropyl functional groups but no polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated groups.

Abstract: An electrically conductive polymer obtained by oxidative polymerization of a heterocycle-containing aromatic compound as a monomer, wherein the heterocycle-containing aromatic compound is represented by the formula: A-B. In the above formula, A represents a substituted or unsubstituted thiophene ring group, or a substituted or unsubstituted pyrrole ring group; B represents a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon aromatic ring group, a substituted or unsubstituted thiophene ring group, or a substituted or unsubstituted pyrrole ring group; the ring represented by A and the ring represented by B are directly linked; however, A and B represent structures that are different from each other. The compound can be produced by a coupling reaction using a hypervalent iodine reactant.

Abstract: A method of making a fluorothieno[3,4-b]thiophene derivatives and photovoltaic polymers containing same using 3-bromothiophene-2-carboxylic acid as a starting material. This synthetic route provides an easier synthesis as well as greater yield and a purer product, which produces superior results over the prior art less pure products. The resulting materials can be used in a variety of photovoltaic applications and devices, especially solar cells.

Abstract: This invention relates to coloured polymer particles preferably with surface functionality for charge retention, a process for their preparation, the use of these particles for the preparation of an electrophoretic device, colour electrophoretic displays comprising such particle, and new polymerisable dyes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of removing heteroaromatic sulfides from hydrocarbons (e.g. petroleum products such as gasoline and fuel oils), using polyoxometalate catalysts such as H5PV2Mo10O40 or solvates thereof.

Abstract: A photovoltaic device has a high photoelectric conversion efficiency with a material for a photovoltaic device including an electron donating organic material having a structure represented by Formula (1):

Abstract: A polymer comprising a conducting or semiconducting segment coupled to a polymer segment having an insulating polymer backbone, the polymer further comprising a RAFT functional group coupled to the polymer segment, wherein there is no RAFT functional group in between the conducting or semiconducting segment and the polymer segment.

Abstract: A polymer of Formula (I) wherein Ar, Y, Z, R3, R4, k, m, x, and n are as described herein. The isothioindigo-based polymer may be used in a semiconducting layer of an electronic device.

Abstract: A polymer of Formula (I) wherein Ar, R1, R2, R3, R4, Y, x, k, m, and n are as described herein. The polymer may be used in a semiconducting layer of an electronic device.

Abstract: A polymer having a repeating unit structure represented by the following general formula (1), wherein in general formula (1), Ph is a phenyl group; X is an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a selenium atom or a tellurium atom; and R1 and R1 each independently contains at least one selected from the group consisting of a chained saturated hydrocarbon group, a chained unsaturated hydrocarbon group, a cyclic saturated hydrocarbon group, a cyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon group, a phenyl group, a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, an amino group, a nitro group and a nitroso group.

Abstract: An aqueous dispersion and a method for making an aqueous dispersion. The dispersion including at least one conductive polymer, such as a polythienothiophene, at least one hyperbranched polymer and optionally at least one colloid-forming polymeric acid and one non-fluorinated polymeric acid. Devices utilizing layers formed of the aqueous dispersions are also disclosed.

Abstract: Provided herein are novel polythiophene compounds having polyalkoxyl sidechains and low temperature irreversible upon activation (IUA) thermochromic compounds/compositions thereof. The IUA thermochromic compounds or compositions are activated and exhibit an IUA color by heating to or above a reversible thermochromic transition temperature (RTTT) and cooling to or below an irreversible thermochromic transition temperature (IRTTT) in less than 2 seconds. The activated IUA thermochromic compounds or compositions will retain their IUA color as long as the compounds or compositions are kept at or below about 5° C. below the IRTTT. The activated IUA thermochromic compounds or compositions will be deactivated and show a different color upon exposure to a temperature equal to or higher than about 5° C. below the IRTTT unless the compounds or compositions are activated again.

Abstract: A species for use, for example, in a charge transfer layer of a photovoltaic device, the species comprising an acceptor group to which is fused a tuning group. The species can be a small molecule, polymer or oligomer, and monomers for producing said polymer, photovoltaic devices comprising said species, and methods for producing said device, are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a specific photoreactive polymer that shows excellent alignment stability and thermal stability together with excellent liquid crystal alignment, thereby being desirably used in an alignment film of a liquid crystal display device, a compound having a photoreactive functional group that is used as a monomer for the preparation of the photoreactive polymer, and an alignment film.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of the formula (I), to the use of compounds of the formula (I) in electronic devices and electronic devices comprising one or more compounds of the formula (I). The invention furthermore relates to the preparation of the compounds of the formula (I) and to formulations comprising one or more compounds of the formula (I).

Abstract: The invention generally relates to novel polymers (SMAMPs) and their syntheses and use. The polymers exhibit promising properties of AMPs. In particularly, for example, a ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) platform was developed that allows syntheses of SMAMPs that employ a minimum number of norbornene-based building blocks and/or enable easy and independent variation of hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups in the monomer units and/or along the polymeric backbone to finetune and select desirable properties of the polymers.

Abstract: In one embodiment of the present disclosure, a series of conjugated polymers used, among other things, as polymer solar cell or polymer photovoltaic device active layer materials, is provided. In one embodiment, the conjugated polymers have the general structure and formula shown in (I), wherein: R1 and R2 are independently selected from proton, halogens, alkyls, aryls and substituted aryls; Ar is selected from the group consisting of monocyclic, bicyclic and polycyclic arylene, or monocyclic, bicyclic and polycyclic heteroarylene. In another embodiment, the conjugated photovoltaic polymers are comprised of repeated units having the general structure of formula (II), wherein, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and R6 are independently selected from proton, alkyls, halogens, aryls, substituted aryls, and other kinds of substituents.

Abstract: A stimulus-responsive compound includes a pair of alkyl chains; a crosslinking portion that crosslinks the pair of alkyl chains; and a liquid-crystalline functional group attached to at least one of the alkyl chains. The crosslinking portion includes: a unit A that has a bond that serves as a rotational axis, a first group positioned at one end of the bond, and a second group positioned at the other end of the bond, a first unit B disposed at a first bonding site of the first group, and a second unit B disposed at a first bonding site of the second group. The first unit B and the second unit B are capable of forming a bond between each other through redox reaction.

Abstract: A positive resist composition including a base component (A?) which exhibits increased solubility in an alkali developing solution under the action of acid and generates acid upon exposure, the base component (A?) including a resin component (A1) having a structural unit (a0-1) represented by general formula (a0-1), a structural unit (a0-2) which generates acid upon exposure and a structural unit (a1) derived from an acrylate ester containing an acid dissociable, dissolution inhibiting group (wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group of 1 to 5 carbon atoms or a halogenated alkyl group of 1 to 5 carbon atoms, R2 represents a divalent linking group, and R3 represents a cyclic group containing —SO2— within the ring skeleton thereof).

Abstract: A stimuli responsive compound includes: a unit A having bonds that function as rotation axes; a first unit B disposed at a first bonding section of the unit A; a second unit B disposed at a second bonding section of the unit A; a first unit C disposed at a third bonding section of the unit A; and a second unit C disposed at a fourth bonding section of the unit A. The first unit B bonds with the second unit B by oxidation-reduction reaction, and the first unit C and the second unit C have liquid crystallinity and include polymerizable functional groups.

Abstract: Described herein are compositions including heterocyclic organic compounds based on fused thiophene compounds, polymers based on fused thiophene compounds, and methods for making the monomers and polymer along with uses in thin film-based and other devices.

Abstract: An improved polymerization method including a method comprising providing a reaction mixture comprising a first monomer, an organic oxidant, and at least one Lewis acid or Brönsted acid, wherein the first monomer comprises at least one optionally substituted heterocyclic ring, wherein the heterocyclic ring comprises at least one heteroatom; and reacting the reaction mixture to obtain a conjugated polymer. The method can reduce the content of undesirable entities in the polymer such as halogens and metals, which can be useful in organic electronic device applications. Purification methods also are adapted to remove organic and inorganic impurities.

Abstract: There is provided an oxidant and dopant which can produce a conductive polymer. The conductive polymer can be used in a solid electrolyte capacitor as solid electrolyte. The solid electrolyte capacitor can be provided with improved breakdown voltage and voltage resistance, as well as less generation of the defects due to leak current. There is provided an oxidant and dopant solution for conductive polymer production including an oxidant and dopant for an organic ferric sulfonate, and an alcohol with a carbon number of 1 to 4. The oxidant and dopant solution further includes a compound with a glycidyl group, or its ring-opened compound. Faborably, a polyalcohol is further added. Using the oxidant and dopant solution, a thiophene or its derivative is subject to an oxidation polymerization to prepare a conductive polymer, which can be used as solid electrolyte of a solid electrolyte capacitor.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a polymerizable unit for production of a hole transporting polymer for use in an optical device, which process comprises reacting in the presence of S to form wherein each R is the same or different and is independently H or a substituent group; n is O or an integer from 1 to 100; Ar and Ar? are the same or different and are each aromatic or heteroaromatic groups which are substituted or unsubstituted; Y is a direct bond, a light emissive moiety, a hole transporting moiety or an electron transporting moiety; and X is a polymerizable group.

Abstract: An organic semiconductor polymer and transistor are provided, the organic semiconductor polymer is represented by the following Chemical Formula (1)

Abstract: Photoactive polymers comprising first and second co-monomer repeat units, the first co-monomer repeat unit comprising a moiety selected from the group consisting of an alkylthieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione moiety and a 1,3-dithiophene-5-alkylthieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione moiety, and the second co-monomer repeat unit comprising a moiety selected from the group consisting of a 4,4?-dialkyl-dithieno[3,2-b:2?3?-d]silole moiety, an ethylene moiety, a thiophene moiety, an N-alkylcarbazole moiety, an N-(1-alkyl)dithieno[3,2-b:2?3?-d]pyrrole moiety and a 4,8-dialkyloxylbenzo[1,2-b:3,4-b]dithiophene moiety are described herein. These polymers are suitable for use in photovoltaic cells and field effect transistors.

Abstract: Disclosed is a surface modifying agent including a compound having an ethynyl group at one terminal end, a laminated structure manufactured using the surface modifying agent, a method of manufacturing the laminated structure, and a transistor including the same.

Abstract: A luminescent polymer comprising a triarylene repeat unit which comprises a triarylene of general formula (I) which is substituted or unsubstituted and an arylene repeat unit -[-Ar-]- that is different from the triarylene repeat unit wherein X, Y, and Z are each independently O, S, CR2, SiR2 or NR and each R is independently alkyl, aryl or H.

Abstract: This invention relates to polymerizable ultraviolet light absorbers and yellow colorants and their use in ophthalmic lenses. In particular, this invention relates to polymerizable ultraviolet light absorbing methane compounds and yellow compounds of the methine and anthraquinone classes that block ultraviolet light and/or violet-blue light transmission through ophthalmic lenses.

Abstract: Provided herein are monomers incorporating folate or other targeting agent, polymers prepared therefrom, polymers prepared therefrom having a therapeutic agent covalently coupled thereto, as well as micelles and therapeutic compositions thereof.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a polymer and a copolymer and a method of making the same. The monomer of the polymer of the present invention includes a bi-triphenylamine functional group having a first end and a second end; a fluorene functional group bonded to the first end; and at least two phenyl isopropyl group bonded to the second end.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a photo-reactive norbornene-based copolymer which has superior miscibility to various organic solvents or additives while exhibiting superior liquid crystal alignment property and can be preferably used to an alignment layer of liquid crystal display device, a method of preparing the same, and an alignment layer including the same.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a photoreactive polymer that comprises a multi-cyclic compound in a main chain, and a polymerization method thereof. Since the photoreactive polymer according to the present invention comprises a multi-cyclic compound having a high glass transition temperature as a main chain, the thermal stability is excellent, and since the mobility of the main chain is relatively high as compared to that of an additional polymer, a photoreactive group can be freely moved in the main chain of the polymer. Accordingly, it is possible to overcome a slow photoreactive rate that is considered a disadvantage of a polymer material used to prepare an alignment film for known liquid crystal display devices.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a polymer compound providing high charge mobility. The polymer compound of the present invention has a repeating unit represented by the formula (1): wherein Ar1 and Ar2 are each an aromatic hydrocarbon ring, a heterocycle, or a fused ring of an aromatic hydrocarbon ring and a heterocycle; and R1, R2, R3 and R4 each represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an alkylthio group, an aryl group, an aryloxy group, an arylthio group, an arylalkyl group, an arylalkoxy group, an arylalkylthio group, a substituted silyl group, an unsubstituted or substituted carboxyl group, a monovalent heterocyclic group, a cyano group or a fluorine atom.

Abstract: The present invention relates to conjugated polymers and a method for their synthesis. Furthermore, the present invention relates to electro-synthesis methods for producing polymers that include the use of at least one Lewis acid and at least one proton trap to form organic conjugated polymers having elevated refractive indices. In one embodiment, the present invention relates to an organic polymer having an elevated refractive index, the organic polymer formed by a process comprising the steps of: providing a solution of unsaturated organic monomer units and at least one acidic component; impeding saturation of the unsaturated organic-monomer units by at least one protic element in the solution; and polymerizing the unsaturated organic monomer units to form a conjugated organic polymer having a refractive index of at least about 2.3 for electromagnetic energy having a wavelength of about 700 nm.

Abstract: Dithienobenzo-thieno[3,2-b]thiophene-copolymers of the formula (I) wherein: pi is a monocyclic or polycyclic moiety optionally substituted with 1-4 Ra groups, wherein Ra, at each occurrence, is independently hydrogen or a) a halogen, b) —(CN, c) —NO2, d) oxo, e) —OH, f) ?C(Rb)2; g) a C1-20 alkyl group, h) a C2-20 alkenyl group, i) a C2-20 alkynyl group, j) a C1-20 alkoxy group, k) a C1-20 alkylthio group, l) a C1-20 haloalkyl group, m) a —Y—C3-10 cycloalkyl group, n) a —Y—C6-14 aryl group, o) a —Y-3-12 membered cycloheteroalkyl group, or p) a —Y-5-14 membered heteroaryl group, wherein each of the C1-20 alkyl group, the C2-20 alkenyl group, the C2-20 alkynyl group, the C3-10 cycloalkyl group, the C6-14 aryl or haloaryl group, the 3-12 membered cycloheteroalkyl group, and the 5-14 membered heteroaryl group is optionally substituted with 1-4 Rb groups; Y, at each occurrence, is independently a divalent C1-6 alkyl group, a divalent C1-6 haloalkyl group, or a covalent bond; and R1, R2, R3, at each occurrence, are