Abstract: The present invention relates to a copolymer resin for ultra-shortwave light source such as KrF or ArF, process for preparation thereof, and photoresist comprising the same resin. The copolymer resin according to the present invention is easily prepared by conventional radical polymerization due to the introduction of norbonyl(meth)acrylate unit to a structure of copolymer for photoresist. The resin has high transparency at 193 nm wavelength, provides increased etching resistance and enhanced adhesive strength due to a hydrophilic functional group in the norbonyl group, and shows excellent resolution of 0.15 &mgr;m in practical experiment of patterning.

Abstract: A paint composition is provided, which comprises a copolymer comprising the following constitutional units (A), (B), and (C) as essential components: (A) a (meth)acrylate monomer unit having a straight-chain, branched-chain, or cyclic alkyl group; (B) at least one monomer unit selected from the group consisting of a monomer unit having an unsaturated double bond and a hydroxyalkyl group, a monomer unit having an unsaturated double bond and an epoxy group, and a monomer unit having an unsaturated double bond and an alkoxysilyl group; and (C) a monomer unit having an unsaturated double bond and a maleimide group. The paint composition is excellent in weatherability and coating gloss. The composition may be contained in an organic solvent such as cyclic ethers, aromatic hydrocarbons, esters, and ketones. The organic solvent may be one that comprises 40% or more of a saturated hydrocarbon.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a polymer represented by following Formula 1 and a method of forming a micro pattern using the same: wherein R1 is a C1-C10 straight- or branched-chain substituted alkyl group, or a benzyl group; R2 is C1-C10 primary, secondary or tertiary alcohol group; m and n independently represent a number from 1 to 3; and X, Y and Z are the respective polymerization ratios of the co-monomers. The photoresist polymer according to the present invention is suitable for forming an ultra-micro pattern such as used in 4 G or 16 G DRAM semiconductor devices using a light source such as ArF, an e-beam, EUV, or an ion-beam.

Abstract: What is described is a high molecular weight homogeneous, branched copolymer of maleic anhydride and a C1-C5 alkyl vinyl ether monomer, in which a branching agent is present in an amount of less than 0.5 wt. % of the polymer. A solution process of making such polymer also is described.

Abstract: Copolymers based on unsaturated dicarboxylic acid derivatives, oxyalkylene glycol alkenyl ethers, unsaturated dicarboximides and/or -amides and vinyl monomers are described, as also their use as additives for hydraulic binders, especially cement. The copolymers also have an excellent plasticizing effect—even if they are added in large quantities—when used in concrete mixtures with an extremely low water content, and they do not retard the setting process.

Abstract: The invention relates to polymers containing N-substituted maleimide units, to a positive- or negative-working radiation-sensitive mixture comprising a) a polymeric binder which is insoluble in water, but soluble in aqueous-alkaline solutions, and b) at least one radiation-sensitive compound, where the binder comprises a polymer containing N-substituted maleimide units of the formula (I) The invention furthermore relates to a recording material having a support and a radiation-sensitive layer, where the layer includes the mixture. The recording material is particularly suitable for the production of chemical-resistant relief recordings. The planographic printing plates produced from the recording material allow long print runs and are resistant to processing chemicals.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, there are provided novel hydrophobic compositions comprising a defined hydrophobic maleimide moiety and optionally, a hydrophobic cyanate ester moiety. Invention compositions have excellent moisture resistance (and, hence are much less prone to give rise to “popcorning”), excellent handling properties (i.e., generally existing as a fluid material which does not require the addition of solvent to facilitate the use thereof), and excellent performance properties (e.g., good dielectric properties).

Abstract: The present invention relates to (co)polymers which contain at least one repeating structural chain unit of the general formula (1) and/or (2) and optionally repeating units of the general formula (3) ##STR1## in which L.sup.1 and L.sup.2, independently of each other, represent a photoluminescent grouping, a process for their preparation, their use in electroluminescent devices and the electroluminescent devices.

Abstract: A succinimide composition is prepared by reacting a mixture of a polyalkenyl derivative, an unsaturated acidic reagent copolymer, and a polyamine under reactive conditions. The polyalkenyl derivative is produced by reacting an unsaturated acidic reagent with a polyalkene in the presence of a strong acid. The unsaturated acidic reagent copolymer is a copolymer of an unsaturated acidic reagent and an olefin.

Abstract: The present invention provides: a cyclic imino ether group containing polymer with an extremely reduced amount of residual cyclic imino ether group containing monomer; and a production process therefor. The cyclic imino ether group containing polymer is obtained by a process including the step of polymerizing a monomer component including a cyclic imino ether group containing monomer, and contains a cyclic imino ether group containing monomer unit in the ratio of not less than 0.1 mol %, wherein the amount of the cyclic imino ether group containing monomer remaining in the polymer is not more than 15 ppm.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the invention provides a polymer comprising imidazole ring units having nitrogen at the 1 and 3 positions of the ring; a carbon at each of the 2, 4 and 5 positions of the ring; and radical substituents G1 and G2 carried at the 4 and 5 positions. G1 and G2 are each independently selected from cyano, substituents derived from cyano, and substituents which replace cyano. The polymers formed by at least two of the cyclic imidazole units. In another embodiment, the invention provides new imidazole compounds usable as monomers to form the polymers. In still another embodiment, the invention provides a method for using the polymers as a coupling/activator for synthon synthesis.

Abstract: The present invention relates to (co)polymers which contain at least one repeat chain unit selected from the group comprising the general formula (1) and (2) and optionally (3), ##STR1## in which L.sup.1 and L.sup.2 mutually independently mean a photoluminescent residue.

Abstract: Living random (meth)acrylic copolymers, facilely converted into random co(meth)acrylates and block copolymers thereof, comprise the anionic copolymerizates of at least one comonomer A with at least one comonomer B selected from among the (meth)acrylates and maleimides, at least one of the comonomers A and B comprising a (meth)acrylate, in the presence of (i) at least one alkali or alkaline earth metal, mono- or difunctional initiator and (ii) at least one ligand, for example a nonnitrogenous macrocyclic complexant, e.g., a crown ether, or an alkali metal alcoholate.

Abstract: Disclosed is an aromatic polycarbonate-styrene polymer resin composition comprising (A) an aromatic polycarbonate, (B) a specific rubber-modified styrene polymer and (C) a compatibility agent which is a copolymer containing an aromatic vinyl monomer and which has a non-uniform distribution with respect to the proportions of component monomers constituting the copolymer, so that the copolymer comprises copolymer molecules having different solubility parameter (SP) values, wherein the difference in SP value between the copolymer molecule having a maximum SP value and the copolymer molecule having a minimum SP value is from 0.4 to 0.6 (cal/cm.sup.3).sup.1/2, and wherein the copolymer has an average SP value of from 10.6 to 11.0 [(cal/cm.sup.3).sup.1/2 ].

Abstract: A copolymer of maleimide derivative and acrylic acid, represented by Formula I, is of high etch resistance and thermal resistance and can be used for photoresist in submicrolithography.

Abstract: This invention relates to a polymerizable phosphazene derivative with a general structural formula[.brket open-st.NP(A).sub.a (B).sub.b).brket close-st.]xwherein the groups A and B are bonded to phosphorus atoms through --O--, --S--, --NH--, or --NR-- (with R=C.sub.1 -C.sub.6) alkyl), and wherein A stands more precisely for a vinyl ether group or a styrene ether group, and B stands more precisely for a hydrocarbon group. The invention also relates to procedures for synthesizing such phosphazene derivatives. The phosphazenes derivatives of the invention can be cured by a process that is initiated cationically, which leads to a large number of advantages. The phosphazene derivatives of the invention can, in particular, be used as curable binders for paints, coatings, fillers, mastics, adhesives, moldings, or films. Paints or coatings comprising the phosphazene derivatives of the invention show especially high mechanical resistance and scratch resistance.

Abstract: Radiation-curable resins as well as thermal and electron-beam-curable resins are provided comprising a polymeric backbone having acrylate or vinyl ether substituents and an ionically bonded neutralizing agent such as an aminoacrylate. These resins are hydrophilic and water-dispersible before curing, but resistant to most solvents including water after curing while preserving a hard, strong, adhesive character which makes them suitable for use as coatings and fabrication of three-dimensional structures in a wide variety of applications.

Abstract: A process for preparing polymers having quaternary ammonium groups comprising polymerizing a vinyl monomer component containing a vinyl monomer having a tertiary amino group in the presence of a specific solvent, while quaternizing the tertiary amino group with a quaternizing agent, to produce the vinyl polymers having quaternary ammonium groups in the form of particles dispersed in the solvent, which is possible to easily separate the produced polymers having quaternary ammonium groups from the solvent without requiring a heating step for removing the solvent, and which can produce quaternary ammonium group-containing copolymers having a high content of a hydrophobic vinyl monomer. The quaternary ammonium group-containing copolymers obtained by this process are useful as modifier for plastics, permanent antistatic agent, bactericide or fungicide, chemicals for paper making and water treating agent.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, there are provided novel thermosetting resin compositions which do not require solvent to provide a system having suitable viscosity for convenient handling. Invention compositions have the benefit of undergoing rapid cure. The resulting thermosets are stable to elevated temperatures, are highly flexible, have low moisture uptake and are consequently useful in a variety of applications, e.g., in adhesive applications since they display good adhesion to both the substrate and the device attached thereto.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, there are provided novel adhesive compositions which do not require solvent to provide a system having suitable viscosity for convenient handling and cure rapidly. The resulting thermosets are stable to elevated temperatures, are highly flexible, have low moisture uptake and good adhesion to both the substrate and the device attached thereto.

Abstract: An acrylic resin composition for a color filter containing 100 parts by weight of an acrylic resin having acid value of 5 to 100 mgKOH/g and 5 to 90 parts by weight of a coloring pigment is provided. The acrylic resin has been prepared by polymerizing a monomer mixture containing 1 to 6% by weight of .alpha., .beta.-unsaturated carboxylic acid, 10 to 80% by weight of .alpha., .beta.-unsaturated carboxylate, and 5 to 30% by weight of N-substituted maleimide.

Abstract: This invention relates to a polymerizable phosphazene derivative with a general structural formula.brket open-st.NP(A).sub.a (B).sub.b).brket close-st..sub.xwherein the groups A and B are bonded to phosphorus atoms through --O--, --S--, --NH--, or --NR-- (with R=C.sub.1 -C.sub.6) alkyl), and wherein A stands more precisely for a vinyl ether group or a styrene ether group, and B stands more precisely for a hydrocarbon group. The invention also relates to procedures for synthesizing such phosphazene derivatives. The phosphazenes derivatives of the invention can be cured by a process that is initiated cationically, which leads to a large number of advantages. The phosphazene derivatives of the invention can, in particular, be used as curable binders for paints, coatings, fillers, mastics, adhesives, moldings, or films. Paints or coatings comprising the phosphazene derivatives of the invention show especially high mechanical resistance and scratch resistance.

Abstract: N-Cyclohexylmaleimide having a cyclohexylaminosuccinic anhydride content of 0.001 to 1 wt. % is used as the main raw material for the production of heat-resistant resins. The resins are produced by a process of copolymerizing the above material with at least one monomer copolymerizable therewith which is characterized by the use of a monomer having a low yellowness, the addition of a compound which can inhibit the evaporation of the non-radical compounds contained in the monomer through reactions, the addition of an antioxidant, the use of a solvent containing alcohol, or the presence of a non-radical-polymerizable acid anhydride or carboxylic acid. The heat-resistant resins produced by the use of the above raw material or the above process are excellent in transparency, i.e., less discolorable, even when an increased amount of N-cyclohexylmaleimide is used for the purpose of imparting more excellent heat resistance.

Abstract: The present invention relates to rubber compositions containing an elastomer having olefinic unsaturation and a carboxymaleimidophenyl ester of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is selected from the group alkyls having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms and aryls having from 6 to 10 carbon atoms; and R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 may be the same or different and are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen and alkyls having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Living random (meth)acrylic copolymers, facilely converted into random co(meth)acrylates and block copolymers thereof, comprise the anionic copolymerizates of at least one comonomer A with at least one comonomer B selected from among the (meth)acrylates and maleimides, at least one of the comonomers A and B comprising a (meth)acrylate, in the presence of (i) at least one alkali or alkaline earth metal, mono- or difunctional initiator and (ii) at least one ligand, for example a nonnitrogenous macrocyclic complexant, e.g., a crown ether, or an alkali metal alcoholate.

Abstract: Compounds containing two cyclic hydrocarbon moieties which are substituted to provide crosslinking functionality and which are linked to each other by secondary or tertiary oxycarbonyl containing moiety are basis for compositions which are cured to provide cured thermosets for encapsulation and underfill for electronic components that are thermally decomposable to allow repair, replacement, recovery or recycling of operative electronic components from assemblies that are inoperative.

Abstract: The morphology of multidimensional, thermally stable oligomers is combined with the inclusion of charge carrier linkages within the polymer arms to produce thermally stable advanced composites from cured oligomers that are conductive or semiconductive if suitably doped.

Abstract: A pattern forming material includes a binary copolymer represented by the following general formula or a ternary or higher copolymer obtained by further polymerizing the binary copolymer with another group: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 indicates a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group; R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 independently indicate a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a phenyl group or an alkenyl group or together indicate a cyclic alkyl group, a cyclic alkenyl group, a cyclic alkyl group having a phenyl group or a cyclic alkenyl group having a phenyl group; R.sub.4 indicates a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group; x satisfies a relationship of 0<x<1; and y satisfies a relationship of 0<y<1.

Abstract: Thermosetting polymers with high temperature capability for composite and adhesive applications are disclosed. Inhibitors for improving pot life, gel time and storage stability are disclosed. These polymers are ideally suited for adhesives and RTM, resin film infusion, and prepreg methods to make polymer matrix, fiber reinforced composite parts.

Abstract: This invention relates to a polymerizable phosphazene derivative with a general structural formula.brket open-st.NP(A).sub.a (B).sub.b).brket close-st..sub.xwherein the groups A and B are bonded to phosphorus atoms through --O--, --S--, --NH--, or --NR-- (with R=C.sub.1 -C.sub.6) alkyl), and wherein A stands more precisely for a vinyl ether group or a styrene ether group, and B stands more precisely for a hydrocarbon group. The invention also relates to procedures for synthesizing such phosphazene derivatives. The phosphazenes derivatives of the invention can be cured by a process that is initiated cationically, which leads to a large number of advantages. The phosphazene derivatives of the invention can, in particular, be used as curable binders for paints, coatings, fillers, mastics, adhesives, moldings, or films. Paints or coatings comprising the phosphazene derivatives of the invention show especially high mechanical resistance and scratch resistance.

Abstract: A side-chain type second-order nonlinear optical polymer compound having a repeating unit as represented in general structure (I), --(--MO--).sub.m --(--ITCN--NLO--).sub.n --, wherein the sum of m and n is from 5 to 10000 and m and n satisfy m/(m+n)=from 0.05 to 0.95; ITCN--NLO is ##STR1## X is not present, or represents alkylene having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms or aromatic hydrocarbon having from 6 to 12 carbon atoms; Y is a bonding group selected from the group consisting from ether, ester, amide, alkylamino having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, carbamate and sulfone; NLO is a general second-order nonlinear optical chemical group in which a conjugated aromatic ring can be unsubstituted or substituted by an electron-donor and/or electron-acceptor; and MO is any polymerizable monomer copolymerizable with ITCN--NLO, and a nonlinear optical material prepared with the same arc disclosed.

Abstract: Cyclic amine monomers and polymers and N-halamine biocidal polymer compounds are provided. Methods of making and using the same wherein the functional groups unhalogenated or halogenated hydantoins, triazine diones, imidazolidinones, and pyrimidinones are substituted onto inexpensive polymer units such as polystyrene, polyethylene, and modified polymethacrylamide are provided. The cyclic amine monomers and polymers can be utilized to form the biocidal N-halamine polymers. These N-halamine polymers are stable, insoluble biocides which release only small amounts of free halogen and other impurities. They can be useful as disinfectants for potable water, swimming pools, hot tubs, industrial water systems, cooling towers, air-conditioning systems, gas streams, paints, oils, ointments, fabrics, rubber materials, sterile bandages, coatings, hard surfaces, liners of containers, and the like.

Abstract: The invention relates to compositions of ionization-setting maleic resins and their use for manufacture of composite materials with a fibrous reinforcement. These compositions comprise a maleic resin and a reactive diluent made up of at lest one compound chosen from among dipentaerythritol pentacrylate and hydroxyethyl methacrylate, the total quantity of reactive diluent being between 10 and 70 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of maleic resin. They may also comprise a plasticizer such as bis-allylic resin. With these compositions it is possible to obtain composite materials set by ionization without additional post heat treatment.

Abstract: The present invention provides benzoxazole derivatives and nonlinear optical (NLO) materials obtained therefrom as a novel organic NLO material having following general formula (I), which can be used as optical devices such as electro-optic modulator, optical switch, or the like for treating optical signal in optical communication industry. In order to obtain more stable NLO material, benzoxazole group having high thermal resistance is substituted as a .pi. conjugated unit instead of conventional stilbene or azobenzene group. A variety of NLO materials can be prepared by the synthetic process according to the present invention. ##STR1## wherein D and Ar have the same meaning as defined in the aforementioned.

Abstract: A high early strength admixture for precast hydraulic cement comprises a calcium salt and a copolymer having a carbon-containing backbone to which are attached cement-anchoring members, such as carboxyl groups, and to which are also attached oxyalkylene pendant groups by linkages selected from the group consisting of amide and imide members. The copolymers used are preferably formed by reacting an acrylic polymer with ammonia or an alkoxylated amine. The calcium salt, preferably calcium nitrite, and the copolymer can be added simultaneously as one admixture, or separately. The invention relates also to methods for enhancing high early strength in concrete, cement, masonry, and mortar mixtures generally, and to precast concrete particarly, and also pertains to such hydraulic mixtures containing the calcium salt and copolymer.

Abstract: A succinimide composition is prepared by reacting a mixture of an alkenyl or alkylsuccinic acid derivative, an unsaturated acidic reagent copolymer, and a polyamine under reactive conditions. The alkenyl or alkyl substituent of the alkenyl or alkylsuccinic acid derivative has a Mn of from 1000 to 5000. The unsaturated acidic reagent copolymer is a copolymer of an unsaturated acidic reagent and an alkylene group. That alkylene group can be an .alpha.-olefin having 8 to 42 carbon atoms, a polyalkylene having from 8 to 28 carbon atoms, ethylene, styrene, 1,3-butadiene, vinyl alkyl ether having at least 3 carbon atoms, or vinyl alkanoate having at least 4 carbon atoms. The polyamine has at least three nitrogen atoms and 4 to 20 carbon atoms. The mixture contains from 0.5 to 10 equivalents of the alkenyl or alkylsuccinic acid derivative per equivalent of unsaturated acidic reagent copolymer and from 0.4 to 1.

Abstract: A composition and method is described for providing conformal protective or decorative polymer coatings on metals such as aluminum, copper, iron, steel, zinc, and their by dip autopolymerization. In accordance with the present invention, an acidic solution of organic monomer undergoes autopolymerization upon contact with a metal substrate, thereby forming a polymeric coating on the substrate. The method comprises providing the acidic monomer solution, dipping the metal substrate to be coated for a prescribed period of time depending on the thickness of the coating desired, and then removing the substrate from the solution. Importantly, the polymerization requires no application of external driving force, such as thermal or electrical energy. The coatings thus formed are up to 50 microns thick, and conform to the shape of the substrate. These coatings further have uniform thickness, and excellent thermal stability and protective properties.

Abstract: Novel polymers may be used in resist formulations for the fabrication of printing plates and circuit boards and, in particular, for the fabrication of integrated circuits. No autocatalytic decomposition of the compounds occurs and the resist film obtained therewith has good adhesive properties.

Abstract: Polymers of alkyl-1-vinylimidazoles, a process for preparing polymers of alkyl-1-vinylimidazoles by free-radical polymerization of a monomer mixture comprising(a) 10-100% by weight of at least one alkyl-1-vinylimidazole and(b) 0-90% by weight of 1-vinylpyrrolidone, 1-vinylcaprolactam, 1-vinyltriazole, 1-vinylimidazole, 1-vinyloxazolidinone or mixtures thereof,(c) 0-30% by weight of other monoethylenically unsaturated monomers and(d) 0-10% by weight of a monomer containing at least 2 monoethylenic double bondsin water, at least one C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alcohol or mixtures thereof, and the use of polymers which comprise at least 10% by weight of an alkyl-1-vinylimidazole as copolymerized unit as additive to detergents to inhibit transfer of dyes during the washing process.

Abstract: A heat resistant resin composition comprising, as the main components,(A) 100 parts by weight of an organic solvent-soluble polyimide resin having a glass transition temperature of 350.degree. C. or less,(B) 5 to 100 parts by weight of an epoxy compound having at least two epoxy groups in one molecule, and(C) 0.1 to 20 parts by weight of a compound having an active hydrogen group which can react with the epoxy compound (B),a heat resistant film adhesive comprising, as the main components, the above components (A), (B) and (C), and a process for producing a heat resistant film adhesive by casting a solution of the above heat resistant resin composition on one side or both sides of a support.

Abstract: The solution stability of a modified bisimide resin is enhanced by partially polymerizing a mixture of a bisimide monomer and a reactive triene which contains a conjugated double bond capable of Diels-Alder reaction with the bisimide. Such partial polymerization of a bisimide with a reactive triene such as myrcene provides a modified bisimide having good solubility in an organic solvent.

Abstract: Thermomechanical and thermo-oxidative stabilities in resin composites across the range of aerospace "engineering thermoplastic" resins are improved by forming four crosslinks at each addition polymerization site in the backbone of the resin using crosslinking functionalities of the general formula: ##STR1## in the oligomers, wherein ##STR2## .beta.=the residue an organic radical selected from the group consisting of: ##STR3## R.sub.8 =a divalent organic radical; X=halogen;Me=methylT=allyl or methallyl,G=--CH.sub.2 --, --S--, --CO--, --SO--, --O--, --CHR.sub.3 --, or --C(R.sub.3).sub.2 --;i=1 or 2;R.sub.3 =hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, aryl, or aryloxy; and.THETA.=--C.tbd.N, --O--C.tbd.N, --S--C.tbd.N, or --CR.sub.3 .dbd.C(R.sub.3).sub.2.

Abstract: An improved hydraulic cement and resultant hydraulic cement composition which has an alkyl terminated alkoxy amine derivative of maleic acid based polymer or copolymer uniformly distributed therein.

Abstract: Heat-curable resin systems containing at least one liquid monomer and one solid component, and which have superior tack and drape, may be prepared by slurry mixing a slurry compatible solid into at least one liquid monomer such that the finished resin system contains the solid as a discontinuous phase having a particle size of less than about 20 .mu.m.

Abstract: Ethylene-based copolymers which are suitable as flow improvers for mineral oil middle distillates are composed ofa) from 50 to 94% by weight of ethylene,b) from 3 to 30% by weight of one or more vinyl esters of C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 -monocarboxylic acids,c) from 3 to 20% by weight of one or more aminoalkyl acrylates of the general formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is hydrogen or methyl, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 may be identical or different and are each hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl and A.sup.1 is straight-chain or branched C.sub.2 -C.sub.10 -alkylene, andd) from 0 to 10% by weight of one or more monomers which are copolymerizable with the monomers a) to c),copolymers in which monomer b) is vinyl acetate and which have a number average molecular weight of from 5000 to 50,000 being excluded, or are composed ofa') from 50 to 95.5% by weight of ethylene,b') from 4 to 30% by weight of one or more vinyl esters of C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 -monocarboxylic acids,c') from 0.

Abstract: Thermoplastics built up from N-(2-ethyl-6-methyl)phenylmaleimide and styrene, it being possible for all or some of the styrene to be replaced by at least one other monomer component.

Abstract: Polyimides, especially thermoset polyimides such as those prepared by the reaction of p-phenylenediamine with 4,4'-hexafluoroisopropylidenebis(phthalic anhydride) and nadic ester, are converted to monomers which may be recycled for polyimide synthesis by heating with a solution of an alkali metal hydroxide, such as lithium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide, in a dipolar aprotic solvent such as N-methylpyrrolidone. The products are the diamine and the tetracarboxylic acid alkali metal salt corresponding to the dianhydride.

Abstract: A succinimide composition is prepared by reacting a mixture of an alkenyl or alkylsuccinic acid derivative, an unsaturated acidic reagent copolymer, and a polyamine under reactive conditions; then treating the reaction product with either a cyclic carbonate or a linear mono- or polycarbonate or boron compound under reactive conditions. The alkenyl or alkyl substituent of the alkenyl or alkylsuccinic acid derivative has a Mn of from 1800 to 3000. The unsaturated acidic reagent copolymer has a Mn of from 2000 to 4800, and is a copolymer of an unsaturated acidic reagent and an olefin having an average of from 14 to 30 carbon atoms. The polyamine has at least three nitrogen atoms and 4 to 20 carbon atoms. The mixture contains from 1.5 to 10 equivalents of the alkenyl or alkylsuccinic acid derivative per equivalent of unsaturated acidic reagent copolymer and from 0.4 to 1.0 moles of polyamine per equivalent of alkenyl or alkylsuccinic acid derivative plus unsaturated acidic reagent copolymer.

Abstract: Maleimide/.alpha.-olefin copolymers are composed of structural units I ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is a tetramethylpiperidinyl radical of the formula II ##STR2## R.sup.3 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl, formyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 -alkanoyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 -alkoxy, C.sub.5 - or C.sub.6 -cycloalkoxy, cyanomethyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, benzyl or a radical of the formula --CR.sup.4 =CH--CO--OR.sup.5, R.sup.4 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl or a radical of the formula --CO--OR.sup.5, andR.sup.5 is C.sub.5 -C.sub.18 -alkyl, C.sub.5 -C.sub.8 -cycloalkyl, C.sub.7 -C.sub.18 -aralkyl, phenyl or tolyl, andup to 8 mol %, based on II, of R.sup.1 may furthermore be hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.22 -alkyl or C.sub.5 -C.sub.8 -cycloalkyl, and R.sup.2 is a mixture of C.sub.14 -C.sub.28 -alkyl groups, where two of these alkyl groups, which may differ by no more than two carbon atoms, each account for at least 30% of this mixture, having an average molecular weight of from 1,000 to 50,000.

Abstract: The invention relates to a polymer suitable as a dispersant, built up fromA) 0-80 mol % of one or more monomers having the formula ##STR1## in which R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 may be the same or different and represent H or alkyl,B) 0-70 mol % of one or more monomers having the formula ##STR2## in which R.sub.5, R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 may be the same or different and represent H or alkyl and R.sub.8 is alkyl or substituted alkyl, and the alkyl group R.sub.