Abstract: Biodegradable anionic polymers are disclosed which include recurring polymeric subunits preferably made up of dicarboxylic monomers such as maleic anhydride, itaconic anhydride or citraconic anhydride. Free radical polymerization is used in the synthesis of the polymers. The polymers may be complexed with ions and/or mixed with fertilizers or seeds to yield agriculturally useful compositions. The preferred products of the invention may be applied foliarly or to the earth adjacent growing plants in order to enhance nutrient uptake by the plants.

Abstract: Biodegradable anionic polymers are disclosed which include recurring polymeric subunits preferably made up of dicarboxylic monomers such as maleic anhydride, itaconic anhydride or citraconic anhydride. Free radical polymerization is used in the synthesis of the polymers. The polymers may be complexed with ions and/or mixed with fertilizers or seeds to yield agriculturally useful compositions. The preferred products of the invention may be applied foliarly or to the earth adjacent growing plants in order to enhance nutrient uptake by the plants.

Abstract: Biodegradable anionic polymers are disclosed which include recurring polymeric subunits preferably made up of dicarboxylic monomers such as maleic anhydride, itaconic anhydride or citraconic anhydride. Free radical polymerization is used in the synthesis of the polymers. The polymers may be complexed with ions and/or mixed with fertilizers or seeds to yield agriculturally useful compositions. The preferred products of the invention may be applied foliarly or to the earth adjacent growing plants in order to enhance nutrient uptake by the plants.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a semiconductor device using a copolymer-containing photoresist, and a process for manufacturing the same. As a norbornene derivative (monomer) having a hydrophilic group is synthesized and introduced to the backbone chain of a polymer, the polymer according to the present invention has excellent etching resistance and heat resistance, which are the characteristic points of alicyclic olefin structure, and provide excellent resolution due to prominent enhancement of adhesiveness resulted from introducing a hydrophilic group (—OH).

Abstract: Compounds of the formula: wherein R1 is H or methyl, R2 is H or alkyl, R3 is C2-C4 alkylene, n is 0-4, n′ is 1-4, x is one or more, y is one or more, x+y=z, and A is a z-valent organic group linked to the group or groups on the left thereof through a carbon atom and is linked to the group or groups on the right thereof through an ether or ester oxygen atom, or, provided that x and y are both 1, a direct bond.

Abstract: The &bgr;-hydroxy carbamate, ethylenically unsaturated monomer of the invention can be polymerized as a homopolymer or copolymerized with other monomers. The polymerization can be carried out in an aqueous medium. The &bgr;-hydroxy carbamate monomer is polymerized to form water-soluble homopolymers or, if polymerized as a mixture with one or more comonomers, copolymers that are soluble, emulsifiable, or dispersible in water. The &bgr;-hydroxy carbamate monomer can be used as a replacement monomer for acrylamide.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a copolymer resin for a photoresist used in far ultraviolet ray such as KrF or ArF, process for preparation thereof, and photoresist comprising the same resin. The copolymer resin according to the present invention is easily prepared by conventional radical polymerization due to the introduction of mono-methyl cis-5-norbonen-endo-2,3-dicarboxylate unit to a structure of norbornene-maleic anhydride copolymer for photoresist. The resin has high transparency at 193 nm wavelength, provides increased etching resistance and settles the problem of offensive odor occurred in the course of copolymer resin synthesis. Further, as the resin composition can be easily controlled due to the molecular structure, the resin can be manufactured in a large scale.

Abstract: There is described a novel process for preparing interpolymers comprising ethylene, at least one monomer unit selected from heteroatom substituted olefin monomer units derived from a compound of the formula XV wherein E and G represent the same or different heteroatoms selected from oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur, which are bound to a hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbyl group, or a substituted hydrocarbyl group, or are joined by a linking group; and n is 0 or an integer from 1-20; or 2,3-dihydrofuran, and optionally carbon monoxide, and interpolymers prepared thereby, including novel interpolymers having melting peak temperatures (Tm) equal to or greater than 50° C.

Abstract: There is described a novel process for preparing interpolymers comprising ethylene, at least one monomer unit selected from heteroatom substituted olefin monomer units derived from a compound of the formula XV wherein E and G represent the same or different heteroatoms selected from oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur, which are bound to a hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbyl group, or a substituted hydrocarbyl group, or are joined by a linking group; and n is 0 or an integer from 1-20; or 2,3-dihydrofuran, and optionally carbon monoxide, and interpolymers prepared thereby, including novel interpolymers having melting peak temperatures (Tm) equal to or greater than 50° C.

Abstract: Biodegradable anionic polymers are disclosed which include recurring polymeric subunits preferably made up of vinylic and dicarboxylic monomers such as vinyl acetate or vinyl alcohol and maleic anhydride, itaconic anhydride or citraconic anhydride, or combinations thereof. Free radical polymerization is used in the synthesis of the polymers, which are then hydrolyzed to replace ester groups with alcohol groups. The polymers may be complexed with ions and/or mixed with fertilizers or seed to yield agriculturally useful compositions. The preferred products of the invention may be applied foliarly, to seeds, to fertilizer, or to the earth adjacent growing plants in order to enhance nutrient uptake by the plants.

Abstract: Aqueous based emulsion copolymers containing vinyl ethylene carbonate, vinyl acetate, and one or more other ethylenically unsaturated monomers, and aqueous based poly(vinyl alcohol)-containing emulsion copolymers formed by emulsion copolymerization of vinyl ethylene carbonate, vinyl acetate, and optionally one or more other ethylenically unsaturated monomer, in the presence of poly(vinyl alcohol). These emulsion copolymers can be used in a variety of applications such as adhesives and coatings.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to copolymers of norbornene and functional group containing norbornene comonomers and processes for the preparation thereof. These polymers may be random, alternating or block copolymers or terpolymers, etc. In general, the present invention describes a polymer composition of the formula: [A]S— and —[B]T wherein A is monomer repeat unit derived from one or more norbornene or substituted norbornene monomers and B is a monomer repeat unit derived from one or more functionalized norbornene compounds.

Abstract: The present invention relates to polymer compositions and methods of polymerizing such compositions. Furthermore, the present invention relates to polymer compositions that are useful in forming waveguides and to methods for making waveguides using such polymer compositions.

Abstract: Biodegradable anionic polymers are disclosed which include recurring polymeric subunits preferably made up of vinylic and dicarboxylic monomers such as vinyl acetate or vinyl alcohol and maleic anhydride, itaconic anhydride or citraconic anhydride, or combinations thereof. Free radical polymerization is used in the synthesis of the polymers, which are then hydrolyzed to replace ester groups with alcohol groups. The polymers may be complexed with ions and/or mixed with fertilizers or seed to yield agriculturally useful compositions. The preferred products of the invention may be applied foliarly, to seeds, to fertilizer, or to the earth adjacent growing plants in order to enhance nutrient uptake by the plants.

Abstract: The invention includes polymers that contain a polymers of the invention contain one or more 1) carbonate units and/or 2) a lactone provided by a monomer having a ring oxygen adjacent to the monomer vinyl group. The invention also provides photoresists that contain such polymers, particularly for imaging at short wavelengths such as sub-200 nm.

Abstract: Biodegradable anionic polymers are disclosed which include recurring polymeric subunits preferably made up of vinylic and dicarboxylic monomers such as vinyl acetate or vinyl alcohol and maleic anhydride, itaconic anhydride or citraconic anhydride, or combinations thereof. Free radical polymerization is used in the synthesis of the polymers, which are then hydrolyzed to replace ester groups with alcohol groups. The polymers may be complexed with ions and/or mixed with fertilizers or seed to yield agriculturally useful compositions. The preferred products of the invention may be applied foliarly, to seeds, to fertilizer, or to the earth adjacent growing plants in order to enhance nutrient uptake by the plants.

Abstract: Biodegradable anionic polymers are disclosed which include recurring polymeric subunits preferably made up of vinylic and dicarboxylic monomers such as vinyl acetate or vinyl alcohol and maleic anhydride, itaconic anhydride or citraconic anhydride, or combinations thereof. Free radical polymerization is used in the synthesis of the polymers, which are then hydrolyzed to replace ester groups with alcohol groups. The polymers may be complexed with ions and/or mixed with fertilizers or seed to yield agriculturally useful compositions. The preferred products of the invention may be applied foliarly, to seeds, to fertilizer, or to the earth adjacent growing plants in order to enhance nutrient uptake by the plants.

Abstract: Biodegradable anionic polymers are disclosed which include recurring polymeric subunits preferably made up of vinylic and dicarboxylic monomers such as vinyl acetate or vinyl alcohol and maleic anhydride, itaconic anhydride or citraconic anhydride, or combinations thereof. Free radical polymerization is used in the synthesis of the polymers, which are then hydrolyzed to replace ester groups with alcohol groups. The polymers may be complexed with ions and/or mixed with fertilizers or seed to yield agriculturally useful compositions. The preferred products of the invention may be applied foliarly, to seeds, to fertilizer, or to the earth adjacent growing plants in order to enhance nutrient uptake by the plants.

Abstract: Biodegradable anionic polymers are disclosed which include recurring polymeric subunits preferably made up of vinylic and dicarboxylic monomers such as vinyl acetate or vinyl alcohol and maleic anhydride, itaconic anhydride or citraconic anhydride, or combinations thereof. Free radical polymerization is used in the synthesis of the polymers, which are then hydrolyzed to replace ester groups with alcohol groups. The polymers may be complexed with ions and/or mixed with fertilizers or seed to yield agriculturally useful compositions. The preferred products of the invention may be applied foliarly, to seeds, to fertilizer, or to the earth adjacent growing plants in order to enhance nutrient uptake by the plants.

Abstract: The present invention concerns polymers obtained by anionic initiation and bearing functions that can be activated by cationic initiations that are not reactive in the presence of anionic polymerization initiators. The presence of such cationic initiation functions allow an efficient cross-linking of the polymer after moulding, particularly in the form of a thin film. It is thus possible to obtain polymers with well-defined properties in terms of molecular weight and cross-linking density. The polymers of the present invention are capable of dissolving ionic compounds inducing a conductivity for the preparation of solid electrolytes.

Abstract: Biodegradable anionic polymers are disclosed which include recurring polymeric subunits preferably made up of vinylic and dicarboxylic monomers such as vinyl acetate or vinyl alcohol and maleic anhydride, itaconic anhydride or citraconic anhydride, or combinations thereof. Free radical polymerization is used in the synthesis of the polymers, which are then hydrolyzed to replace ester groups with alcohol groups. The polymers may be complexed with ions and/or mixed with fertilizers or seed to yield agriculturally useful compositions. The preferred products of the invention may be applied foliarly, to seeds, to fertilizer, or to the earth adjacent growing plants in order to enhance nutrient uptake by the plants.

Abstract: There is desribed a novel process for preparing interpolymers comprising ethylene and at least two monomer units selected from heteroatom substituted olefin monomer units derived from a compound of the formula XV wherein E and G represent the same or different heteroatoms selected from oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur, which are bound to a hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbyl group, or a substituted hydrocarbyl group, or are joined by a linking group; and n is 0 or an integer from 1-20; or 2,3-dihydrofuran, or vinylcyclopropane, and interpolymers prepared thereby, including novel interpolymers having melting peak temperatures (Tm) equal to or greater than 50° C.

Abstract: The present invention relates to telechelic polymers having crosslinkable end groups of the formula and methods for preparing the same wherein n is an integer; is an alkadienyl group; Y is an alkyl group; and Z is crosslinkable end group. In general, the inventive synthesis involves reacting a functionalized chain transfer agent having crosslinkable ends with a cycloalkene in the presence of a ruthenium or osmium catalyst of the formula wherein: M is ruthenium or osmium; X and X1 are independently any anionic ligand; L and L1 are any neutral electron donor ligand; R and R1 are each hydrogen or a substituted or unsubstituted substituent wherein the substituent is selected from the group consisting of C1-C20 alkyl, C2-C20 alkenyl, C2-C20 alkynyl, aryl, C1-C20 carboxylate, C1-C20 alkoxy, C2-C20 alkenyloxy, C2-C20 alkynyloxy, aryloxy, C2-C20 alkoxycarbonyl, C1-C20 alkylthio, C1-C20 alkylsulfonyl and C1-C20 alkylsulfinyl.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the production of poly(trimethylene carbonate) which comprises reacting trimethylene carbonate, a catalyst, and an alcohol, preferably a polyhydric alcohol, under nitrogen at atmospheric pressure and a moderate temperature, in a stoichiometric ratio to give the desired molecular weight of poly(trimethylene carbonate) in the presence of a catalyst selected from the group consisting of a salt, preferably an acetate, of an element of Group IA or IIA of the Periodic Table. In an alternative embodiment, high molecular weight poly(trimethylene carbonate) is produced without the use of an initiator, using the same catalyst and longer reaction times.

Abstract: Biodegradable anionic polymers are disclosed which include recurring polymeric subunits preferably made up of vinylic and dicarboxylic monomers such as vinyl acetate or vinyl alcohol and maleic anhydride, itaconic anhydride or citraconic anhydride, or combinations thereof. Free radical polymerization is used in the synthesis of the polymers, which are then hydrolyzed to replace ester groups with alcohol groups. The polymers may be complexed with ions and/or mixed with fertilizers or seed to yield agriculturally useful compositions. The preferred products of the invention may be applied foliarly, to seeds, to fertilizer, or to the earth adjacent growing plants in order to enhance nutrient uptake by the plants.

Abstract: Biodegradable anionic polymers are disclosed which include recurring polymeric subunits preferably made up of vinylic and dicarboxylic monomers such as vinyl acetate or vinyl alcohol and maleic anhydride, itaconic anhydride or citraconic anhydride, or combinations thereof. Free radical polymerization is used in the synthesis of the polymers, which are then hydrolyzed to replace ester groups with alcohol groups. The polymers may be complexed with ions and/or mixed with fertilizers or seed to yield agriculturally useful compositions. The preferred products of the invention may be applied foliarly, to seeds, to fertilizer, or to the earth adjacent growing plants in order to enhance nutrient uptake by the plants.

Abstract: The invention provides water-soluble, &bgr;-hydroxy carbamate-functional materials and coating compositions, especially waterborne coating compositions, containing the carbamate-functional materials. The invention further provide a coating prepared from the coating composition and a coated substrate, especially an automotive substrate, having the coating thereon.

Abstract: The invention provides an aqueous coating composition containing a dispersed, emulsified, or dissolved material (organic compound, resin, or polymer), in which the material is dispersed, emulsified, or dissolved with a water-soluble, carbamate-functional material. The invention further provides a coating prepared from the coating composition and a coated substrate, especially an automotive substrate, having the coating thereon.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a polymer film having second order non-linear optical properties which has excellent stability of orientated molecules and does not become disorientated, and a polymer film and a non-linear optical element are provided. A polymer solution is placed between two substrates, which are disposed substantially perpendicular with respect to a rotating stand and substantially symmetrical with respect to a rotation axis of the rotating stand, and the rotating stand is rotated. A polymer film having second order non-linear optical properties is formed by the centrifugal force generated at the polymer solution.

Abstract: Biodegradable anionic polymers are disclosed which include recurring polymeric subunits preferably made up of vinylic and dicarboxylic monomers such as vinyl acetate or vinyl alcohol and maleic anhydride, itaconic anhydride or citraconic anhydride, or combinations thereof. Free radical polymerization is used in the synthesis of the polymers, which are then hydrolyzed to replace ester groups with alcohol groups. The polymers may be complexed with ions and/or mixed with fertilizers or seed to yield agriculturally useful compositions. The preferred products of the invention may be applied foliarly, to seeds, to fertilizer, or to the earth adjacent growing plants in order to enhance nutrient uptake by the plants.

Abstract: Biodegradable anionic polymers are disclosed which include recurring polymeric subunits preferably made up of vinylic and dicarboxylic monomers such as vinyl acetate or vinyl alcohol and maleic anhydride, itaconic anhydride or citraconic anhydride, or combinations thereof. Free radical polymerization is used in the synthesis of the polymers, which are then hydrolyzed to replace ester groups with alcohol groups. The polymers may be complexed with ions and/or mixed with fertilizers or seed to yield agriculturally useful compositions. The preferred products of the invention may be applied foliarly, to seeds, to fertilizer, or to the earth adjacent growing plants in order to enhance nutrient uptake by the plants.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a copolymer resin for a photoresist used with far ultraviolet rays such as KrF or ArF.

Abstract: A continuous, solvent-free process for obtaining solvent-free, fine white powders of high molecular weight alternating terpolymers of maleic anhydride, a C1-C4 alkyl vinyl ether and isobutylene, without odor or taste.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to copolymers of norbornene and functional group containing norbornene comonomers and processes for the preparation thereof. These polymers may be random, alternating or block copolymers or terpolymers, etc. In general, the present invention describes a polymer composition of the formula: [A]S— and —[B]T wherein A is monomer repeat unit derived from one or more norbornene or substituted norbornene monomers and B is a monomer repeat unit derived from one or more functionalized norbornene compounds.

Abstract: The &bgr;-hydroxy carbamate, ethylenically unsaturated monomer of the invention can be polymerized as a homopolymer or copolymerized with other monomers. The polymerization can be carried out in an aqueous medium. The &bgr;-hydroxy carbamate monomer is polymerized to form water-soluble homopolymers or, if polymerized as a mixture with one or more comonomers, copolymers that are soluble, emulsifiable, or dispersible in water. The &bgr;-hydroxy carbamate monomer can be used as a replacement monomer for acrylamide.

Abstract: Curable coating compositions for powder coatings are disclosed which are composed of a cyclic carbonate functional polymer and a carbamate salt of a multifunctional amine.

Abstract: Aqueous binders for soft feel materials, comprising predominantly aliphatic, water-soluble or water-dispersible polymers A having terminal or lateral cyclic carbonate groups and an amine B having at least two primary amino groups, the ratio of the number of primary amino groups in the component B to the number of cyclic carbonate groups in the component A being from 7:3 to 3:7.

Abstract: A photoresist including a copolymer prepared from bicycloalkene derivative, maleic anhydride and/or vinylene carbonate, which has molecular weight ranging from about 3,000 to 100,000. The photoresist can be used for submicrolithography employing deep ultra violety as a light source. In addition to being of high etch resistance and thermal resistance, the photoresist has good adhesiveness and can be developed in a TMAH solution.

Abstract: Homopolymers of olefin monomers having polar functional groups, and copolymers of these monomers with each other and with non-polar olefins and optionally carbon monoxide are disclosed. The polymers can be prepared by contacting the corresponding monomers with a transition metal catalyst under comparatively mild conditions; this preserves at least some of the polar functional groups in the resulting polymer. The polymers are suitable for processing in conventional extrusion processes, and can be formed into high barrier sheets or films, or low molecular weight resins for use in synthetic waxes in wax coatings or as emulsions.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel compositions comprising ene and free radical adducts of unsaturated and saturated hydrocarbons, and acyclic and cyclic vicinal polycarbonyl compounds such as diethyl ketomalonate and indantrione. The adducts are reacted with nucleophiles such as amines, electrophiles such as anhydrides and esters, and metal ions. Post-products are obtained via reaction of said products with capping reagents such as boric acid. Compositions containing said adducts, products and post-products include oleaginous substances such as fuels and lube oils.

Abstract: Provided are curable copolymers having 1,3-dioxolan-2-one-4-yl groups incorporated therein. The copolymers are useful as binders in coating compositions and can be cured with primary amine cross-linking compounds to form a continuous polyurethane coating.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel adducts of cyclic carbonyl monomers with substituted olefins, which also are useful as solution viscosifiers.

Abstract: A curable resin composition utilizing as the crosslinking mechanism thereof an acid catalyzed addition reaction of a cyclic alkylenecarbonate group with an alcoholic hydroxyl group is disclosed. The composition contains a compound or polymer having a plurality of 6-membered cyclic alkylenecarbonate groups and a polymer having a plurality of alcoholic hydroxyl groups. A polymer having pluralities of the cyclic alkylenecarbonate and hydroxyl groups in a single entity may also be used. The composition cures at room or elevated temperatures depending upon the acidity and amount of particular acid catalyst incorporated to the composition.

Abstract: In a method for ring opening polymerization in which the polymerization proceeds with the ring opening of a cyclic compound as a monomer, a hydrolase is used as a catalyst.

Abstract: A thermosetting resin composition which comprises (A-2) a vinyl polymer having at least one each of 2-oxo-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl group and a carboxyl group together on the polymer and a catalyst (B) effective for ring-opening the 2-oxo-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl group and curing said vinyl polymer, and related resin compositions.

Abstract: A thermosetting resin composition which comprises (A-2) a vinyl polymer having at least one each of 2-oxo-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl group and a carboxyl group together on the polymer and a catalyst (B) effective for ring-opening the 2-oxo-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl group and curing said vinyl polymer, and related resin compositions.

Abstract: The invention relates to new N-alkyl-N-(meth)acryloyloxyalkylcarboxamides of aromatic carboxylic acids and aromatic carboxylic acid anhydrides, their preparation and formulations of these compounds for use as adhesives for the treatment of dental hard substance.

Abstract: Accordingly, novel carbonyl containing compositions are prepared by contacting, in the presence of a free radical initiator, a compound selected from the group consisting of saturated hydrocarbons, substituted saturated hydrocarbons, polymers and mixtures thereof with a carbonyl containing compound or mixtures thereof having the structures: ##STR1## wherein Q.dbd.HOH, MeOH, EtOH, or n-BuOH; n.dbd.0,1,>; and X and Y are independently selected from the group consisting of CH.sub.2, C.dbd.O; W is independently selected from the group consisting of CH.sub.2, C.dbd.O, O, NH, CMe.sub.2, C.dbd.N-alkyl and N-alkyl, wherein alkyl is 1 to 18 carbons; U and V are independently selected from the same groups as W and dependently selected so that U and V taken together are one of 1,2-phenylene, 1,8-naphthalene-diyl, and 1,2-naphthalene-diyl.

Abstract: This invention relates to a coating composition which can be cured by exposure to radiation energy in the presence of a cationic photoinitiator. The composition comprises a mixture of between about 1 and about 75 wt. % of a reactive vinyl or alk-1-enyl ether cyclocarbonate having the formula ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen or lower alkyl; R' is C.sub.2 to C.sub.4 alkylene; n has a value of from 0 to 4 and n' has a value of from 1 to 4 and between about 99 and about 25 wt. % of a polymerizable compound containing an onium salt initiator which is normally insoluble in said polymerizable compound or a mixture thereof. The invention also relates to the use of the composition as a protective coating on a substrate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel polymers which are adducts of an unsaturated hydrocarbon, wherein the novel polymers are produced by contacting cyclic carbonyl monomers with an unsaturated hydrocarbon to form novel cyclic carbonyl polymers having an Mn of about 500 to about 10.sup.7.