Abstract: An acrylamide derivative of the following general formula (I) is used to prepare a polymer or copolymer: wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom, a straight-chain or branched alkyl group containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a C3-6 cycloalkyl group, R2 and R3 each independently represent an alkylene group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms or R2 and R3 may be combined to form a ring, X represents a hydrogen atom, an amino group, a hydroxyl group, a halogen atom, a carboxyl group or a —COOR4 group wherein R4 represents a C1-6 straight-chain or branched alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, substituted phenyl, benzyl or substituted benzyl group, and Y represents an amino group, a halogen atom, a carboxyl group or a —COOR4 group wherein R4 represents a C1-6 straight-chain or branched alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, substituted phenyl, benzyl or substituted benzyl group.

Abstract: A water-soluble polymeric adhesion promoter is represented by the following formula (I): wherein R is a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group or a lower alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and m and k are numbers selected such that m/k is in the range from about 1/0.001 to about 1/0.1, and such that that the polymer (I) has a weight average molecular weight of about 3,000 to about 600,000.

Abstract: Allylated amide compounds are formulated into curable compositions with a free radical curing agent, and optionally, one or more fillers, for use as adhesives in the manufacture of microelectronic devices.

Abstract: This invention relates to underfill encapsulant compositions prepared from allylated amide compounds to protect and reinforce the interconnections between an electronic component and a substrate in a microelectronic device.

Abstract: Underfill encapsulants are prepared from allylated amide compounds and a curing initiator.

Abstract: Carbamate-functional allyl monomers and methods for making them are disclosed. The monomers, which are easy to prepare, readily polymerize with common ethylenic monomers to give low-molecular-weight resins without the need for solvents or chain-transfer agents. Coatings made from the resins should have good durability, good acid etch resistance, good mar resistance, high gloss, and high DOI.

Abstract: Polymeric UV absorbers based on the units shown in the schematized formula I ##STR1## where the sequence of the units is arbitrary, the sum of a+b+c+d=100 anda is a value from 5 to 95,b is a value from 0 to 70,c is a value from 5 to 95,d is a value from 0 to 70and the radicals R have the meaning explained in the description, are described.

Abstract: A rheology modifier for solvent-based coatings which is a polyacrylic acid or a poly(C.sub.1-4)-alkyl acrylic acid wherein at least 30% of the --COOH groups are converted to ester and/or amide groups. Preferred compounds are esters of polyacrylic acid where about 50% of the --COOH groups are esterified with a C.sub.4-12 -alcohol.

Abstract: Carbamate-functional allyl monomers and methods for making them are disclosed. The monomers, which are easy to prepare, readily polymerize with common ethylenic monomers to give low-molecular-weight resins without the need for solvents or chain-transfer agents. Coatings made from the resins should have good durability, good acid etch resistance, good mar resistance, high gloss, and high DOI.

Abstract: A cationic group-containing copolymer is provided which possesses excellent thixotropy and exhibits high adsorbability to the skin, hair, etc. and, when incorporated as a thickener in cosmetic articles, manifests a very satisfactory tactile sensation. The cationic group-containing copolymer is characterized in that the viscosity at 25.degree. C. of the aqueous solution prepared by incorporating the copolymer in deionized water at a concentration of 0.5 wt. % is in the range of 0.3-20 Pa.multidot.sec. at a shear rate of 1 sec.sup.-1 and in the range of 0.01-5 Pa.multidot.sec. at a shear rate of 10 sec.sup.-1 and the viscosity at a shear rate of 1 sec.sup.-1 is higher than the viscosity at a shear rate of 10 sec.sup.-1.

Abstract: The invention relates to chiral polymers which are bonded to a support and have improved properties, a process for the preparation of these materials and their use as chiral stationary phases in the chromatograhic separation of optical isomers, in particular of racemates into their enantiomers.

Abstract: Disclosed are ruthenium and osmium carbene compounds which are stable in the presence of a variety of functional groups and which can be used to catalyze olefin metathesis reactions on unstrained cyclic and acyclic olefins. Specifically, the present invention relates to carbene compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein: M is Os or Ru; R and R.sup.1 are independently selected from hydrogen and functional groups C.sub.2 -C.sub.20 alkenyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.20 alkynyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl, aryl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 carboxylate, C.sub.2 -C.sub.20 alkoxy, C.sub.2 -C.sub.20 alkenyloxy, C.sub.2 -C.sub.20 alkynyloxy, aryloxy, C.sub.2 -C.sub.20 alkoxycarbonyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkylthio, C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkylsulfonyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkylsulfinyl; each optionally substituted with C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl, a halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkoxy or with a phenyl group optionally substituted with a halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkoxy; X and X.sup.

Abstract: The invention is concerned with linear and cyclic polymers or oligomers having a photoreactive ethene group. The polymers are of the formula ##STR1## wherein M.sub.a, M.sub.b, M.sub.c are monomer units for homo- or copolymers;x, y, z are mole fractions of the copolymers, whereby in each case 0<x.ltoreq.1; 0.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.1 and 0.ltoreq.z<1;S.sub.a, S.sub.b are spacer units;Z.sub.a, Z.sub.b are molecule units which can undergo photochemical isomerization/dimerization;n is a magnitude of 4-100 000 andm is 0 or 1,The compounds are used as an orientating layer for liquid crystals.

Abstract: A polymerizable composition containing;(A) 100 parts by weight of a vinylbenzyl compound of the formula (I), ##STR1## wherein each of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is independently a halogen atom, each of h and i is independently 0, 1 or 2, each of X.sup.1, X.sup.2 and X.sup.3 is independently an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, and each of j, k and m is 0 or 1, provided that when k is 0, j is 0, that when m is 0, each of j and k is 0, that when j is 0 and when each of k and m is 1, X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 cannot be sulfur atoms at the same time, and that when each of m, k and j is 1, X.sup.1, X.sup.2 and X.sup.3 cannot be sulfur atoms at the same time,and(B) 0.1 to 20 parts by weight of 2,4-diphenyl-4-methyl-1-pentene.

Abstract: Coating composition containing one or several (meth)acrylic copolymers having hydroxyl groups, as well as one or several solvents and, optionally, water, special-effect pigments and/or coloring pigments, fillers and/or conventional lacquering additives, whereby the (meth)acrylic copolymer is essentially constructed from units based on the following monomers:a) 0.5-10.0% by weight of amides and/or N-substituted amides of acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid,b) 5.0-30.0% by weight of phenylalkyl esters of acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid,c) 10.0-30.0% by weight of hydroxyalkyl esters of acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid having 2-8 C-atoms in the hydroxyalkyl residue,d) 0.6-7.5% by weight of acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid, ande) 30.0-83.9% by weight of alkyl esters of acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid having 1-18 C-atoms in the alkyl residue, andwhereby the sum of components a) to e) amounts in each case to 100.

Abstract: Methine or azamethine dye polymers useful in nonlinear optics contain as characteristic monomer units radicals of the formulae I, II, III and IV ##STR1## where G is a divalent organic radical,Z is nitrogen or CH,R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl or substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkoxy,R.sup.3 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl, C.sub.5 -C.sub.7 -cycloalkyl or C.sub.3 -C.sub.4 -alkenyl,R.sup.4 is hydrogen, deuterium, methyl, trideuterated methyl or chlorine,R.sup.5 is hydrogen or deuterium,Y.sup.1 and Y.sup.2 are each C.sub.2 -C.sub.10 -alkylene,E is oxygen, imino or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkylimino, andX is hydroxyl, substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkoxy, phenoxy, amino or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -mono- or -dialkylamino, andthe ring A can be benzofused, and have an average molecular weight of from 1,000 to 100,000.

Abstract: The invention relates to new optically active amino acid derivatives of the general formula (I) ##STR1## in which n, R, R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, X and A have the meaning given in the description, which amino acid derivatives contain sulphoxide or sulphone groups, to two basic synthetic routes for the preparation from sulphur-containing amino acids, to the polymerization of these monomers and to the use of the polymers as optically active adsorbents for chromatographic resolution of racemates to give the enantiomers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to polymer dyestuffs, i.e. polymer-bound dyestuffs, to a process for their preparation and to their use, for example as markers in analytical procedures. Polymer dyestuffs contain linkable functional groups and are water-soluble under customary conditions of analysis. The polymer portion is usually responsible for this water solubility. The dyestuffs per se are often water-insoluble.

Abstract: The present invention relates to chiral supports and to their use in the asymmetric synthesis, deracemization and optical inversion of organic chiral compounds. In particular, the supports are used in combination with thermal equilibration of a species having a reactive achiral portion. Preferably, these supports are obtained by the copolymerization of at least one chiral unit and at least one functionalizing unit or by the polymerization of at least one chiral unit which is a source of said functionalizing unit. Optionally, a crosslinking agent is utilized. By utilizing these supports and thermal equilibration, excess enantiomers can be produced.

Abstract: The present invention relates to chiral polymers and to their uses for operations of asymmetric synthesis, deracemization and optical inversion.These polymers are characterized in that they comprise:a chiral unita functionalizing unitan optional crosslinking unitApplication to chiral organic synthesis.

Abstract: An optically active N-(meth)acryloyl amino acid amide of the formula ##STR1## in which R is hydrogen or methyl,R.sub.1 represents an optionally substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl, aryl or heteroaryl radical,R.sub.3 represents hydrogen or denotes together with R.sub.1 a tri- or tetramethylene group;X denotes oxygen or a NR.sub.4 -group wherein R.sub.4 represents hydrogen or alkyl or denotes together with R.sub.2 and the nitrogen atom a 5- to 7-membered ring which ring is optionally substituted by the group COO-alkyl (1-6 carbon atoms) or by one or two alkyl radicals (1-4 carbon atoms) andR.sub.2 denotes a strongly space-filling hydrocarbon radical.The amide is polymerized and optionally bound to a support such as silica, and can then be used for the chromatographic separation of racemic mixtures of pharmacologically active compounds.

Abstract: An organic solid electrolyte is disclosed, which comprises a high molecular compound having a recurring unit represented by following formula (I), a nonprotonic polar solvent, and a salt of a metal ion belonging to group Ia or group IIa of the Periodic Table: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group, a cyano group, or a chlorine atom; R.sub.2 represents a lower alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an aryl group, or an aralkyl group; X represents --CO.sub.2 --, ##STR2## --OCO--, or --O--, (wherein R.sub.3 represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group); L represents an alkylene group; a represents 0 or 1; and m represents an integer of from 0 to 5.

Abstract: Photographic elements are described containing a polymeric dye-forming coupler that has been formed by emulsion polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers in the presence of a high-boiling organic coupler solvent. Couplers of high activity are obtained.

Abstract: A polymer comprising a carbon-carbon backbone chain and at least one N-(substituted oxalyl)carbamoyl group of the formula: --CO--NH'CO--CO--OR wherein R is a hydrocarbon group as a side chain attached to said backbone chain.

Abstract: The present invention relates to polymerizable cyclic urea derivatives which can be thermally split to give rise to an isocyanate group; and to a polymer having cyclic urea pendant groups, which can be cured by heating without any additional curing agent such as an isocyanate blocked with a volatile lower molecular weight material, so that volatile material is not released in a thermal curing process.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoconductor comprises least a photoconductive layer and a charge-injection controlling layer, which are overlaid on an electroconductive support in any order, which charge-injection controlling layer comprises a homopolymer or copolymer of a monomer represented by formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents hydrogen or a methyl group; R.sup.2 represents hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a hydroalkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an aryl group which may have a substituent, and an aralkyl group which may have a substituent; and R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 each represent hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a hydroxyl group, a nitro group, a nitroso group, a cyano group, a carboxyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, an acyl group, a sulfonyl group, an amino group which may have a substituent, a halogen or a trifluoromethyl group.

Abstract: A method of making a VI improver is disclosed. The one-step method of this invention includes reacting ethylene, an olefin other than ethylene and N-phenylphenylene methacrylamide in the presence of a cocatalyst system including a combination of a first group and a second group, said first group consisting of triethylaluminum, ethylaluminum, sesquichloride, diethylaluminum chloride, diethylzinc, ethylzinc chloride, triisobutylaluminum and mixtures thereof, and said second group consisting of titanium trichloride, titanium tetrachloride, vanadium tetrachloride, vanadium oxychloride, tetrabutyl titanate and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to amides of formula I ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each independently hydrogen or methyl, m is 1 to 5 and n is 1 to 5 and R.sup.4 is --NH.sub.2 or is derived from a mono- to pentavalent amine.Intermediates of formula VIII ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and m are as defined above and X is a carboxylic acid or acid ester group, --COCl, --COBr, --CHO or --CN, are also described.The compounds of formula I can be polymerized thermally. They are suitable for the preparation of adhesives, matrix resins or electrical insulating materials.

Abstract: A novel, fast-bonding adhesive composition is disclosed having low odor, and when cured, forms adhesive bonds having high glass transition temperature, T.sub.g, and high shear strength at elevated temperatures. The composition comprises one or more of acryl- and methacrylamides which have a cyclic group directly attached to the amide nitrogen or has the amide nitrogen as a member of a cyclic group. The composition further comprises a polymeric toughener that is dissolved or dispersed in the composition.

Abstract: In the chromatographic separation of a mixture of antipodes of optically active chemicals by passing a solution of such mixture over an optically active adsorbent to effect adsorption, and then eluting the adsorbed material, the improvement which comprises employing as the adsorbent particles of an optically active and cross-linked polymer containing the repeating structural unit ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 represents hydrogen or methyl, andR.sup.2 represents one of the stereoisomers of the eight possible stereoisomeric forms of each of the optically active radicals of the formulae ##STR2## Improved separation results. The pure monomers are also new.

Abstract: The invention relates to optically active homo- and copolymers made from optically active (meth)acrylamides, the polymers being immobilized on silica gel, a process for their preparation, and their use as adsorbents, in particular as the stationary phase for chromatographic racemate resolution.

Abstract: Hydrophobic water-insoluble monomers, such as alkyl acrylamides, which are solid at room temperature may be sufficiently dissolved in concentrated acrylamide or methacrylamide monomer solutions, in the absence of cosolvents, to allow copolymerization to occur without substantial phase separation. The hydrophobic monomer is added to the acrylamide monomer solution and heated, with agitation, to above the melting point of the hydrophobic monomer. Thereafter the temperature must be maintained at no lower than about 15.degree. C. below the melting point.

Abstract: This invention is directed to the preparation of polymerizable monomers that are prepared from 1-(1-isocyanato-1-methylethyl)-3-(1-methylethenyl) benzene (m-TMI) and 1-(1-isocyanato-1-methylethyl)-4-(1-methylethenyl) benzene (p-TMI). The monomers prepared from m- and p-TMI can contain numerous chemical moieties, and when polymerized, produce polymers that have chemically bonded to the polymeric backbone the functional moiety. More specifically, these TMI derived monomers may contain chain breaking antioxidant moieties, peroxide decomposing antioxidant moieties, ultraviolet stabilizing moieties, triplet quenching moieties, and other chemical moieties that are useful in polymers.

Abstract: In one embodiment this invention provides a nonlinear optical medium which is a transparent film of a thermoplastic polymer composed of recurring monomeric units corresponding to the formula: ##STR1##

Abstract: Liquid coating compositions adapted to be cured by exposure to ionizing radiation are disclosed in which a liquid vehicle of coating viscosity having an ethylenically unsaturated portion comprising one or more polyethylenically unsaturated materials adapted to cure on radiation exposure, pigment dispersed in the vehicle, and an acrylate-functional radiation-curable dispersant having free carboxyl group for wetting the pigment and assisting in the stable dispersion of the pigment in the vehicle. This dispersant is an acrylate-functional carboxylic acid amide carrying free carboxyl groups, especially an adduct of a polyacrylate and a stoichiometric deficiency of a primary amine to provide a secondary amine having acrylate functionality, the secondary amine functionality being reacted with a polycarboxylic acid anhydride to form amide groups therewith.

Abstract: Negative photoresist materials are provided that are sensitive in the deep ultraviolet (UV) light range of about 200 nm-300 nm. These materials permit higher resolution then those sensitive to longer wavelengths and thus a higher information density in the microcircuits manufactured using them. This sensitivity in the deep UV is obtained without loss of the other normal attributes of a resist material: good adhesion to substrates, good contrast in images formed, and good etch resistance properties.The polymeric negative photoresist molecules are the homopolymers of N-benzyl acrylamide and its analogues of the general structure ##STR1## where R=alkyl, aryl, halogen, or nitrogen, and copolymers thereof with at least one vinylidene monomer of the general formula ##STR2## wherein R.sub.2 and R.sub.

Abstract: Compositions and articles containing polymeric vinyl aromatic aminimides are disclosed. The polymeric vinyl aromatic aminimides exhibit unusual rheological properties in an aqueous medium. The polymers provide thermoreversible gelling properties and exhibit negative thixotropy.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of polymeric compositions which comprise novel polymers and copolymers of certain 1,2-disubstituted-cyclohexadienes, aromatization of such polymers in the form of inter alia fibres, and novel aromatic polymers.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated N-substituted carboxylic acid amides, novel .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated N-substituted carboxylic acid amides, a process for the polymerization of these novel .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated N-substituted carboxylic acid amides, including the polymers, and the use of these polymers as sedimentation, flocculating, dewatering and retention aids, as additives for mineral oils, and as ion exchangers.The .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated N-substituted carboxylic acid amides are prepared by transamidation of .beta.-hydroxy or .beta.-alkoxy carboxylic acid amides with primary amines and heating of the N-substituted .beta.-hydroxy or .beta.-alkoxy carboxylic acid amides obtained as intermediate products in the vapor phase in the presence of catalysts. Primary amines are preferably used in the conversion which have no hydrogen beta to the amino group.These .alpha.,.beta.

Abstract: An improved continuous process for producing random ethylene/acrylate/cure-site copolymers with greater efficiency by copolymerizing therewith a small quantity of certain polyfunctional monomers, such as diallyl maleate.

Abstract: There are disclosed stable, aqueous dispersions of water-insoluble emulsion copolymers of (1) about 10-70% by weight of methacrylic or acrylic acid, (2) about 0.5-25% by weight of an N-alkyl acrylamide, and (3) at least 25% by weight, to a total of 100%, of a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl (meth)acrylate, and, optionally, included in the total monomer mixture a small amount of (4) about 0.05-1% by weight of a polyethylenically unsaturated monomer. The emulsion copolymers, when neutralized and solubilized by addition of an alkali, are high efficiency thickeners for aqueous systems and have improved tolerance to ionic or electrolyte content. Typical systems that can be thickened are paint latices, cosmetic preparations, food preparations, ionic detergents, dye pastes for textiles, pharmaceuticals, and oil well drilling muds. Surfactants enhance the thickening properties afforded by the copolymers.

Abstract: Novel polyimides, optionally end-capped with polymerizable or inert groups, and the polyamic acid or ester intermediates thereof are prepared by reacting a tetracarboxylic acid compound (e.g. pyromellitic dianhydride or 3,3',4,4'-benzophenone tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride or its methyl diester) with diamines having the general formula ##STR1## wherein Z is oxygen or sulfur, X and/or Y are carbonyl or carbinol groups, the amine groups may be in the 2-, 3-, and/or 4-position, and isomerism is present when X and/or Y is a carbinol group. The polyimides may be end-capped by reaction, during or after their formation, with polymerizable groups such as 3-aminophenyl acetylene or 3,6-endomethylene-1,2,3,6-tetrahydrophthalic anhydride. The diamines are novel classes of amines when Z is sulfur and when Z is oxygen and X, Y, or X and Y are carbinol groups.

Abstract: Surface-coating binders based on a copolymer which contains tertiary amino groups and blocked isocyanate groups and is water-soluble or water-dispersible as a result of being at least partially salified with an acid. The copolymer contains, as copolymerized units, an olefinically unsaturated compound which possesses a tertiary amino group, an N-(1-alkenyl)-isocyanate which is blocked with a CH-, OH- or NH-acidic blocking agent, and another olefinically unsaturated compound, with or without one or more copolymerizable olefinically unsaturated compounds which possess hydrogen atoms which are reactive toward isocyanate groups, and has a mean molecular weight of from 1,000 to 20,000. The novel surface-coating binders are used for the cathodic electrocoating of metallic articles.

Abstract: Resist lacquers crosslinking under the influence of electron beams of which the active constituents is a copolymer of (A) 10 to 90 moles of a C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl ester of acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid; (B) 0 to 50 moles and, preferably 10 to 50 moles, of a hydroxyl-group-containing C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 alkyl ester of acrylic and/or methacrylic acid, and (C) 3 to 70 moles and, preferably 10 to 50 moles, of a monomer which contains the structural element ##STR1## wherein ##STR2## --O-- and Ar is an aromatic radical.

Abstract: Age resistant resin which comprises a composition selected from (A) a composition having a softening point in the range of 0.degree. C. to about 140.degree. C. comprising units derived from selected aliphatic diolefins and aliphatic monoolefins, which can be modified with units derived from dicyclopentadiene, and certain vinyl aromatic compounds, and selected phenol or amine type compounds and (B) a composition having a softening point in the range of about 60.degree. C. to about 110.degree. C. comprising units derived from monoolefins and vinyl aromatic compounds, which can be modified with aliphatic diolefins, and selected phenol and amine type compounds. Such age resistant resins have particular utility when admixed with various rubbery materials and thermoplastics to create pressure sensitive adhesives and hot melt adhesives.

Abstract: A tertiary N-vinylamide is polymerized, optionally together with further monomers, in the presence of an aliphatic hydrocarbon, at a temperature of from 0.degree. to 150.degree. C., using two types of initiator one of which is insoluble and the other soluble in the hydrocarbon used. The pulverulent or granular polymer obtained has a diminished content of residual monomer. It is suitable as protective colloid or dispersing agent for emulsion or suspension polymerizations.

Abstract: Storage-stable anaerobic curing adhesive compositions useful as anaerobic adhesives and sealants are prepared by first mixing a polymerizable acrylate ester monomer, an inhibitor for free radical polymerization, a chelator, and at least an effective amount of an accelerator system consisting of an organic cyclic sulfimide, preferably saccharin, and an aromatic tertiary amine. The resultant homogeneous mixture is thereafter heated at a temperature of about 45.degree.-100.degree. C. for a period of time sufficient to provide the composition with anaerobic curing properties and a specified minimum amount of active oxygen. In one embodiment, the mixture is stirred at a temperature of 45.degree.-70.degree. C. for 10-24 hours. In another embodiment, the mixture is maintained at an elevated temperature without stirring.

Abstract: Novel polymerizable monomers which are ethylenically unsaturated esters of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.4 comprises a polymerizable ethylenic double bond. Homopolymers and copolymers of the monomers are disclosed and in one embodiment provide water-dispersible film-forming polymer which may be electrophoretically deposited on a conducting substrate.

Abstract: An acrylamide polymer comprising acrylamide and a sufficient amount of cinnamic acid to substantially reduce the viscosity of the acrylamide polymer and solution.

Abstract: The invention is concerned with linear and cyclic polymers or oligomers having a photoreactive ethene group. The polymers are of the formula ##STR1## wherein M.sub.a, M.sub.b, M.sub.c are monomer units for homo- or copolymers;x, y, z are mole fractions of the copolymers, whereby in each case 0<x.ltoreq.1; 0.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.1 and 0.ltoreq.z<1;S.sub.a, S.sub.b are spacer units;Z.sub.a, Z.sub.b are molecular units which can undergo photochemical isomerization/dimerization;n is a magnitude of 4-100 000 andm is 0 or 1,The compounds are used as an orienting layer for liquid cyrstals.