Abstract: The 2-functional content of phenol-aldehyde novolac resins is reduced by water extraction. Epoxy novolac resins prepared from the novolac resin containing less 2-functional product exhibit increased Tg values when cured.

Abstract: A process for preparing an alkoxy-modified phenolic resole resin useful as the polyhydroxy component of a urethane binder composition. A phenol is reacted with a molar excess of an aldehyde in the presence of an alkaline catalyst and the resulting product is further reacted with a monohydric aliphatic alcohol under acidic conditions.

Abstract: A granular or powdery resin which is a condensation product of a phenol and an aldehyde and optionally a nitrogen-containing compound having at least two active hydrogens, said granular or powdery resin being characterized by(A) containing spherical primary particles and secondary particles resulting from the agglomeration of the primary particles, each of said particles having a particle diameter of 0.1 to 150 microns,(B) having such a size that at least 50% by weight thereof can pass through a 100 Tyler mesh sieve,(C) having a free phenol content, determined by liquid chromatography, of not more than 500 ppm, and(D) having a methanol solubility (S) of more than 20% by weight when about 10 g of the resin is heated under reflux in 500 ml of substantially anhydrous methanol.

Abstract: A granular or powdery nitrogen-containing phenol-aldehyde copolymer resin which is a condensation product of a phenol, a nitrogen-containing compound having at least two active hydrogen atoms and an aldehyde, said granular or powdery resin being characterized by(A) containing spherical primary particles and secondary particles resulting from the agglomeration of the primary particles, each of said particles having a particle diameter of 0.1 to 100 microns,(B) having such a size that at least 50% by weight thereof can pass through a 150 Tyler mesh sieve,(C) having a free phenol content, determined by liquid chromatography, of not more than 50 ppm, and(D) having a D.sub.960-1020 /D.sub.1450-1500 ratio of from 0.1 to 2.0 in its infrared absorption spectrum.

Abstract: A granular or powdery resin which is a condensation product of a phenol and formaldehyde, said granular or powdery resin being characterized by(A) containing spherical primary particles and secondary particles resulting from the agglomeration of the primary particles, each of the particles having a particle diameter of 0.1 to 150 microns,(B) having such a size that at least 50% by weight thereof can pass through a 100 Tyler mesh sieve,(C) having a free phenol content, determined by liquid chromatography, of not more than 50 ppm,(D) having a D.sub.990-1015 /D.sub.1600 ratio of from 0.2 to 9.0 and a D.sub.890 /D.sub.1600 ratio of from 0.09 to 1.0 in its infrared absorption spectrum measured by a KBr tablet method, wherein D.sub.1600 represents the absorption intensity of an absorption peak at 1600 cm.sup.-1, D.sub.990-1015 represents the highest absorption intensity of absorption peaks at 990 to 1015 cm.sup.-1, and the D.sub.890 represents the absorption intensity of an absorption peak at 890 cm.sup.

Abstract: Carboxylate salts, prepared by a Mannich reaction and useful in the preparation of water-borne coatings, have the general formula ##STR1## where R.sup.1 represents an aliphatic, aromatic, or araliphatic divalent group which may contain a further --COO.sup.- M.sup.+ ; R.sup.2 represents --H, --CH(R.sup.3)N(R.sup.10)R.sup.1 COO.sup.- M.sup.+, or alkyl which may be substituted by --COO.sup.- M.sup.+, --CH(R.sup.3)OH, or --CH(R.sup.3)OR.sup.8, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 containing together not more than one --COO.sup.- M.sup.+ ; R.sup.3 represents --H or alkyl; each R.sup.4 represents --H, halogen, alkyl, or alkenyl; R.sup.5 represents --H, halogen, alkyl, alkenyl, or a group --CH(R.sup.3)OH, --CH(R.sup.3)OR.sup.8, or --CHR.sup.3 --NR.sup.2 --R.sup.1 --COO.sup.- M.sup.+ ; either R.sup.6 represents --H and R.sup.7 represents the residue of a polyepoxide, preferably of average mol. wt. 1000-5000, or R.sup.6 represents a covalent bond linked to the group R.sup.7, and R.sup.

Abstract: A process for preparing a thermosetting imide type prepolymer which comprises heating a bis-imide (A) and a diamine (B) in the presence of an organic solvent with a boiling point of 70.degree. to 170.degree. C. and heating the reaction mixture together with an epoxy compound (C). The imide type prepolymer prepared according to the process of the present invention has rapid curability and excellent solubility in low boiling point solvents such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone and methyl cellosolve, which are available at low cost. Accordingly, the prepolymer is advantageously used especially for the production of laminated boards having good heat resisting properties, low moisture absorption and good adhesion to various substrates such as a copper foil.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of a phenol resin modified with a liquid polybutadiene which comprises reacting a polybutadiene having a number average molecular weight of 150 to 5,000 with a phenol in the presence of an acid catalyst to obtain a composition which consists of a polybutadiene-phenol adduct and unreacted phenol, in said polybutadiene-phenol adduct, one molecule of phenol per 3 to 8 butadiene units being added to the polybutadiene, and reacting the composition of a polybutadiene-phenol adduct with a formaldehyde in the presence of a basic catalyst, said basic catalyst comprising a primary amine of the formula: R--NH.sub.2 wherein R is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms in an amount of 0.01 to 0.5 mole per 1 mole of the phenol used for the preparation of the composition which is used alone or in combination thereof with other basic compound.

Abstract: A finished resin comprising a highly condensed phenol formaldehyde resole resin which has green groups formed by a low condensation phenol formaldehyde resin, the finished resin being modified by addition of a weak acid and a non-cellulosic protective colloid to improve reactivity and flow properties thereof.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of resol resins by reacting bisphenol A with 1.2 to 1.8 moles of formaldehyde in the presence of n-butanol or isobutanol and in the presence of a tri-alkali metal phosphate as a catalyst, and their use, optionally combined with epoxy resins, for the preparation of deep-drawable, sterilizable and chemically resistant lacquer films.

Abstract: A process for producing a closed cell phenolic-resin foam material comprising a phenolic-resin polymer and a surfactant which is branched, non-ionic, with a hydroxyl value less than 50 achieved by capping excess hydroxyl groups; the material, and a structural laminate employing the material. The material has a thermal conductivity which is low initially and remains low for a long period of time.

Abstract: Curable organic resin compositions, such as epoxy resins, are provided, based on the use of a diaryliodonium salt-redox catalyst curing system. The curable compositions can provide flexible or rigid organic resin foam when used with a volatile organic solvent as a result of exothermic heat of cure.

Abstract: A flame-retardant phenolic resin which comprises the product obtained on(a) reacting at least one halogenated compound represented by the general formula (I) ##STR1## wherein A is --CH.dbd.CH.sub.2 or --O--CH.sub.2 --CH.dbd.CH.sub.2, X is a chlorine atom or a bromine atom, and n is an integer of 1, 2 or 3, with at least one phenol in the presence of an acidic catalyst; and(b) reacting the resulting reaction product with at least one phosphoric acid ester compound containing a phenolic OH group represented by the general formula (II), (III) or (IV). ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 each represents an unsubstituted or substituted hydrocarbyl group, where R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 may be the same or different, and n is 1, 2 or 3, and at least one aldehyde or a precursor thereof in the presence of an acidic or alkali catalyst; and a process for producing the flame-retardant phenolic resin.

Abstract: A polybenzimidazole having a polymer chain with the following repeating unit: ##STR1## R.sub.2 is a divalent carbon ring with the linkage to an adjacent repeating unit through adjacent carbon atoms of the ring. Such polybenzimidazoles are formed by the condensation of (a) a substitute carbon ring compound, having at least one dicarboxylic anhydride or its equivalent substituted at adjacent carbon atoms and (b) an organic tetraamine of the following formula: ##STR2## Polybenzimidazoles of the foregoing type may be formed by the use of a tetracarboxylic dianhydride in the condensation reaction. These cross-linked polymers are characterized by minimal softening or burning at high temperature.

Abstract: Phenol is condensed with a substantial excess of formaldehyde in the presence of a minor amount of a glycol or a polyalkylene glycol to provide a resole useful as an impregnating resinous binder for paper substrates.

Abstract: Water-immiscible thermosetting phenol-formaldehyde resins in which a large proportion of the linkages between the benzene rings are benzyl ether linkages located ortho to the phenolic hydroxyl groups are produced by reaction of at least 1 mole of formaldehyde with 1 mole of phenol in an aqueous reaction medium in the presence of a metal carboxylate catalyst, such as, zinc acetate, in two stages, in which, in the first stage exothermic addition of formaldehyde to phenol occurs and, in the second stage, methylol phenol is polymerized to form the resin. Methods for control of the rate of polymerization, methods of separation of product resin from aqueous phase, methods of molecular weight distribution control, a semi-continuous operation and an alternative polymerization procedure are described.