Abstract: A granular composition is provided that is especially useful for the preparation of foundry cores and molds. Incorporated in the composition is a novel resin binder that imparts rapid curing properties to the composition.

Abstract: A method for the production of a powdery, free-flowing phenol/formaldehyde resin is disclosed wherein a polyvalent cationic precipitant is added to the resin emulsion produced, the precipitate is filtered, washed with water and dried.

Abstract: A phenol-aldehyde resin useful in such applications as a cold-set binder for cores and molds used in the foundry industry and reactive prepolymers used in reaction injection molding compositions produced by the steps of reacting a phenol and aldehyde in a mole ratio of 1 to 1-2.3 in the presence of catalytic amounts of an organic compound of aluminum, zirconium or titanium.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a novel high-ortho phenolic novolac resin having excellent quick-curing property and thermal stability for use as phenolic resin molding material and perfectly free of divalent metal salt which is detrimental to the electrical properties of the molding material. This resin can be obtained by condensing a phenol and an aldehyde in an aldehyde/phenol molar ratio ranging from 0.6 to 1.0 and at a reaction temperature of more than 100.degree. C. at which the selectivity for condensation at the para-position is lowered (that is, the probability of the condensation at the ortho-position increases), with a weakly acidic catalyst having a specified dissociation constant (pKa value). The high-ortho phenolic novolac resin (having the specific molecular weight and ortho/para linkage ratio) obtained from said reaction is very useful for industrial applications as a phenolic injection molding material or epoxy/phenolic low-pressure encapsulation molding material with excellent electrical properties.

Abstract: A finished resin comprising a highly condensed phenol formaldehyde resole resin which has green groups formed by a low condensation phenol formaldehyde resin, the finished resin being modified by addition of a weak acid and a non-cellulosic protective colloid to improve reactivity and flow properties thereof.

Abstract: Cyclic phenol-aldehyde resins, for example cyclic tetramers; derivatives thereof; processes by which they are prepared; and uses thereof.

Abstract: A resole resin composition suitable for use as a component of a binder comprises a water-soluble resole resin and an accelerator which is a C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl partial ester of an aromatic polycarboxylic acid.

Abstract: Phenolic novolak resins are described which provide extended resin stability at relatively low temperatures without significant adverse affect on the cure speed at the molding temperature. The resins are especially suited for use in runnerless injection or cold manifold molding processes, but can also be used in transfer, compression and injection molding processes.

Abstract: A primer, particularly for aluminum and aluminum alloys, that is free of alkaline materials and consists essentially of an aqueous solution of a water soluble condensation product of (1) phenol, resorcinol or a mixture of phenol and resorcinol and (2) formaldehyde.

Abstract: The addition of a water-absorbent, finely divided powder to a phenolic resole resin provides a stabilized resin composition which cures in the presence of an acid catalyst at ambient temperatures to a relatively thick coating having a reduced number of defects, e.g., pinholes and blistering. For example, a resole resin composition containing a stabilizing amount of fumed silica can be blended with a mixture of benzene sulfonyl chloride and trichloroacetic acid, applied to a substrate and cured to form an essentially defect-free coating.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of environmental protection.The proposed method of treatment of phenolic waters formed in the manufacture of phenol-formaldehyde resins consists in that said phenolic waters are mixed with formaldehyde and the product of phenol-formaldehyde condensation taken in the quantity of 15-25 percent parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of phenolic waters, and the mixture is heated in the presence of alkali.

Abstract: Resol type phenol resins containing scarcely or no phenol mononucleus compounds (monomers) and phenol dinuclei compounds (dimers) and their methylolated derivatives and scarcely containing molecules having an apparent molecular weight of more than 2500 are produced by reacting phenol with formaldehyde in the presence of an alkaline catalyst in a molar ratio of 3.0 to 6.0 moles of formaldehyde and 0.05 to 2.0 moles of the alkaline catalyst per mole of phenol, neutralizing the reaction solution with an acid to pH 4.5 to 6.5 and precipitating the resulting product for separation.

Abstract: The present invention provides particular phenol/formaldehyde resoles which are especially useful as foamable resins, and further provides cellular phenolic products having physical properties which are especially attractive for end-use application as construction foam. The resoles are characterized by a particular relationship between their viscosity and water content, expressed as the area bounded by certain points on a plot of resole viscosity on a logarithmic scale, as a function of water content of the resole, the particular area depending upon the mole ratio of formaldehyde-to-phenol at which the resole has been condensed. It has been found that phenol-formaldehyde resoles having the defined viscosity/water relationship are capable of providing phenolic foam having acceptable foam processability, a foam density from about 1.90 to about 3.

Abstract: The present invention provides particular phenol/formaldehyde resoles which are especially useful as foamable resins, and further provides cellular phenolic products having physical properties which are especially attractive for end-use application as construction foam. The resoles are characterized by a particular relationship between their viscosity and water content, expressed as the area bounded by certain points on a plot of resole viscosity on a logarithmic scale, as a function of water content of the resole, the particular area depending upon the mole ratio of formaldehyde-to-phenol at which the resole has been condensed. It has been found that phenol-formaldehyde resoles having the defined viscosity/water relationship are capable of providing phenolic foam having acceptable foam processability, a foam density from about 1.90 to about 3.

Abstract: Water-immiscible thermosetting phenol-formaldehyde resins in which a large proportion of the linkages between the benzene rings are benzyl ether linkages located ortho to the phenolic hydroxyl groups are produced by reaction of at least 1 mole of formaldehyde with 1 mole of phenol in an aqueous reaction medium in the presence of a metal carboxylate catalyst, such as, zinc acetate, in two stages, in which, in the first stage exothermic addition of formaldehyde to phenol occurs and, in the second stage, methylol phenol is polymerized to form the resin. Methods for control of the rate of polymerization, methods of separation of product resin from aqueous phase, methods of molecular weight distribution control, a semi-continuous operation and an alternative polymerization procedure are described.

Abstract: Water-immiscible thermosetting phenol-formaldehyde resins in which a large proportion of the linkages between the benzene rings are benzyl ether linkages located ortho to the phenolic hydroxyl groups are produced by reaction of at least 1 mole of formaldehyde with 1 mole of phenol in an aqueous reaction medium in the presence of a metal carboxylate catalyst, such as, zinc acetate, in two stages, in which, in the first stage exothermic addition of formaldehyde to phenol occurs and, in the second stage, methylol phenol is polymerized to form the resin. Methods for control of the rate of polymerization, methods of separation of product resin from aqueous phase, methods of molecular weight distribution control, a semi-continuous operation and an alternative polymerization procedure are described.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved process for preparing high ortho novolac resins, said process including reacting phenol and formaldehyde in the presence of a divalent electropositive metal oxide, hydroxide or organic salt wherein the improvement comprises conducting said reaction with said catalysts in combination with a divalent electropositive metal salt selected from the group consisting of sulfonates and fluoroborates or acids selected from the group consisting of sulfonic and fluoroboric or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A resinous product has high resistance to flame spread, low heat release, and exhibits a low smoke-developed rating when exposed to flame or to indirect or radiant heat, and is flexible, tough, free of hydraulic cement, and resistant to cracking and embrittlement upon curing. Such a product is the condensation product of resorcinol with or without included phenol, and a minor amount of paraformaldehyde and aqueous formaldehyde solution. The resorcinol starting material of this invention can also suitably be used in the form of a B-stage or partially cured resin of resorcinol-phenol-formaldehyde which is then condensed with the paraformaldehyde and, if necessary, additional formaldehyde. The product is useful as a cast material or as laminated with fiberglass or can contain fillers or the like. A method of making the product and articles is provided.