Abstract: Stable thiol-ene compositions are provided which comprise a polythiol, a polyene and a stabilizer system comprising an alkenyl substituted phenolic compound having a formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, OR, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl or substituted alkenyl, a C.sub.6 -C.sub.20 aryl or substituted aryl, or a cyano group; R.sup.4 is H, R, OR, halogen, COR, COOR, or SR; R.sup.5 is OH, OR, OCOR, OCOOR, OCONHR, or OTMS; R is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, a cycloalkyl, or a C.sub.6 -C.sub.20 caryl or substituted aryl; x and y are 1, 2, or 3; z is 0, 1, or 2; and x+y+z=2, 3, or 4; or a formula: ##STR2## where x, y, z, w, R.sup.1 R.sup.2 R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are defined as above, except that x+y+z=2-6, and R.sup.6 is CH.sub.2, C(CH.sub.3).sub.2, O, S, or SO.sub.

Abstract: A process for preparing a terpene-phenol resin with a softening point in the range of from about 80.degree. C. to about 110.degree. C. The method comprises preparing a reaction mixture including a terpene, phenol and a complex of boron trifluoride. The boron trifluoride complex is selected from the group consisting of a ether complex of boron trifluoride, wherein the ether has an molecular weight in the range of from about 46 to about 140, and an organic acid complex of boron trifluoride, wherein the organic acid has a molecular weight in the range of from about 46 to about 300. The reaction mixture is maintained at a temperature in the range of from about 50.degree. C. to about 90.degree. C. for a period of time sufficient to produce the .alpha.-pinene-phenol resin which is then recovered from the reaction mixture. The terpene may be selected from the group consisting of .alpha.-pinene, .beta.-pinene, .delta.-3-carene, dipentene, limonene and mixtures of those terpenes.

Abstract: Novel polycyanate and polycyanamide compositions containing one or more rodlike mesogenic moieties, when cured, result in products having improved properties.

Abstract: Novel polycyanate and polycyanamide compositions containing one or more rodlike mesogenic moieties, when cured, result in products having improved properties.

Abstract: Oil-soluble, phenolic resin-modified natural resinic acid esters, which are able to form self-gelling mineral oil solutions and in the form of gel varnishes can advantageously be used as binder resins in printing inks for offset printing and letterpress printing, and also processes for their preparation from natural resins, phenols, aldehydes, condensation catalyst, esterifying agents and modifiers by reaction of the components at temperatures in the range from 80.degree. to 300.degree. C., individual components preferably being initially introduced and the other components being metered in, the combined use of a magnesium compound as condensation catalyst and the continuous removal of the water of reaction during the condensation reaction by azeotropic distillation with co-use of an inert organic solvent as distillative entraining agent being necessary and decisive for the self-gelling property of the process product.

Abstract: This invention provides novel polyethers and polycarbonates which exhibit nonlinear optical response, and which have utility as a transparent optical component in optical light switch and high modulator devices.These polyethers and polycarbonates are the polymerization product of one or more monomers having the formula ##STR1## in which Z is a conjugated heterocyclic substituent having a NO.sub.2 or a CN group. Further, the invention relates to a method of making the polycarbonate by a ring opening polymerization in the presence of an electric field. In a separate embodiment, the invention relates to non-linear optical devices made with these polymers.

Abstract: A highly fluorinated benzene compound is reacted with acryloyl chloride to ield a fluorinated liquid product which is used to impregnate a reinforcing structure. Upon impregnation, the liquid material is polymerized at about 55.degree. C. to produce a reinforced polymeric structure, which can be a circuit board. The polymer has dielectric constant of about 2.1, which is very low compared to the polymers used presently.

Abstract: A process for producing an aromatic polycarbonate by reacting an aromatic dihydroxy compound, an alkali or alkaline earth metal base and a carbonyl halide compound comprises feeding a polymerization catalyst as the carbonyl halide is fed to a mixture of the aromatic dihydroxy compound, the alkali metal or alkaline earth metal, water and an organic solvent. The molecular weight of the aromatic polycarbonate can be properly controlled, the rate of end capping is high, and coloration of the aromatic polycarbonate is less. Such aromatic polycarbonate can be produced while suppressing hydrolysis of the carbonyl halide compound and/or haloformate compound.

Abstract: Diarylacetylenes and diarylenamines are synthesized from a Schiff's base and an N-arylmethylheterocycle; these compounds are useful as intermediates for a variety of polymers; in particular an efficient process is provided for producing diaryl acetylenes useful in the efficient production of acetylene group-containing polymers which can be cross-linked to produce high strength polymers free of structural defects such as conventionally arise as a result of liberation of volatiles during the cross-linking.

Abstract: A curable formaldehyde-free phenolic resin having formula (I): ##STR1## wherein a and b each represent an integer equal to or greater than 1, a+b multiplied by n is an integer of about 3 to 100; ##STR2## m is 0 or 1; and R is hydrogen, halogen, alkyl having about 1 to 12 carbon atoms, aryl having about 6 to 12 carbon atoms, allyl having 3 or 4 carbon atoms, aralkyl having about 7 to 13 carbon atoms, alkaryl having about 7 to 13 carbon atoms, alkoxy having about 1 to 4 carbon atoms, aryloxy having about 6 to 12 carbon atoms, or ##STR3## and methods for preparing such resin are described.

Abstract: A phenolic resin is represented by the formula (1) ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 denotes a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, m denotes an integer of from 0 to 10 and n denotes 0, 1 or 2. A method for producing the phenolic resin involves reacting in the presence of an acid catalyst 3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydroindene and a phenol represented by the formula (2) ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1 denotes a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and n denotes 0, 1 or 2. An epoxy resin composition for encapsulation contains: (a) a curable epoxy resin, (b) the above phenolic resin, (c) a curing promotor, and (d) an inorganic filler.

Abstract: Novel cyclic imino ether compositions containing one or more mesogenic moieties, when polymerized, result in products having improved properties.

Abstract: A method is provided for producing a phenolic resin represented by the formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 is a divalent cyclic hydrocarbon residue having 5 to 18 carbon atoms, p is a number of from 0 to 10 and q is a number of 1 or 2. The method involves reacting a phenol with an unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbon compound having two or more carbon-carbon double bonding in the presence of an acid catalyst; and processing a resulting reaction product by a hydrotalcite compound represented by the formula (II)M.sub.1-x.sup.2+ M.sub.x.sup.3+ (OH).sub.2+x-ny A.sub.y.sup.n-.m(H.sub.2 O)(II)where M.sup.2+ is a divalent, magnesium ion, a divalent zinc ion, a divalent calcium ion, a divalent nickel ion, a divalent cobalt ion, a divalent manganese ion or a divalent copper ion, M.sup.3+ is a trivalent aluminum ion, a trivalent iron ion or a trivalent chromium ion, A.sup.n- is HCO.sub.3.sup.-, CO.sub.3.sup.2- or OH.sup.-, and x, y and m each are 0.

Abstract: A thermosetting resin is comprised of (a) a bisimide, particularly a bismaleimide, (b) a reactive brominated aromatic compound, particularly a member of the group consisting of group consisting of tribromophenyl maleimide, tribromostyrene, and pentabromobenzyl acrylate; and(c) a multifunctional nitrogen compound, particularly dicyandiamide, and optionally(d) ethylene bistetrabromophthalimide.

Abstract: This invention relates primarily to organofunctional monomers, predominantly dimethacrylates and/or diacrylates containing one or more (predominantly two carboxyl groups, with moieties that provide sufficient affinity with water to allow any desired amount of water and/or miscible fugitive solvents to be mixed homogeneously with these monomers and formulations containing them. The activity of water in the monomer formulations can be adjusted so that it is equal to the water activity in biological tissues. This promotes biocompatibility and enhances the adhesive characteristics of polymers prepared from these formulations. Probability statistics are disclosed that optimize the compositions of polymer reaction products.

Abstract: Rubber components of a vulcanizable rubber composition are homogenized by adding to the composition, prior to vulcanization, a phenolic resin formed by reacting a bisphenol A residual resin with chlorinated C.sub.4 to C.sub.8 hydrocarbons in the presence of a Friedel-Crafts alkylation catalyst.

Abstract: Polyethers which contain recurring units of the formula I ##STR1## in which A is a divalent aryl or heteroaryl radical,X is O, S or NR,Z is a divalent aryl or heteroaryl radical or an alkynyl, azo or (CF.sub.2) group, andR is arylare synthesized. The polyethers can be used as thermoplastics for the production of injection-molded articles, extrudates, polymer blends and coatings and for the production of films and membranes from solution.

Abstract: In a process for producing a dye-containing polymer to be used for spectroscopic sample analysis, monomers are polymerized in the presence of a dye to form a block of bulk polymer. The bulk polymer or slices thereof can be easily measured in a spectrometer in order to determine the spectroscopic properties of the dye containing polymer. The bulk polymer is subsequently ground to particles which can be used to fill a fiber optical sensor. Since the particles have the same optical properties as the bulk polymer, the properties of the particles of dye-containing polymer of the sensor can be accurately determined from the bulk polymer.

Abstract: An epoxy resin hardener includes a synthetic resin obtained by the addition reaction of (A) an aromatic hydrocarbon containing a phenolic hydroxyl group with (B) a compound having at least two ethylenically unsaturated double bonds, the synthetic resin having a structure in which the ethylenically unsaturated double bonds in compound (B) have been opened, with a hydrogen atom that was directly bonded to one of the carbon atoms constituting the aromatic ring(s) in hydrocarbon (A) being addition-bonded to the .alpha.-position carbon atom in one of the opened double bonds in compound (B) and the .beta.-position carbon atom in the opened double bond in compound (B) being addition-bonded to that carbon atom in the aromatic ring(s) in hydrocarbon (A) from which the hydrogen atom addition-bonded to the .alpha.-position carbon atom in the opened double bond in compound (B) has been eliminated. An epoxy resin composition containing an epoxy resin and the hardener is also disclosed.

Abstract: A hydroxy-substituted poly(phenylene ether) resin can be produced by copolymerizing from 1.5 to 8 mol % of a phenol compound selected from those represented by the following formulae (a), (b), (c), (d), and (e): ##STR1## and from 98.5 to 92 mol % of a phenol compound of the following formula (f): ##STR2## The hydroxy-substituted poly(phenylene ether) resin shows excellent compatibility with a polyamide, a polycarbonate, a poly(butylene terephthalate), a poly(phenylene sulfide), and is useful as a copatibilizer or a modified resin for engineering plastics.

Abstract: Additives for improving the low temperature flow properties and oxidative stability of hydrocarbon oils are disclosed, which comprise the alkylation of a phenol in the presence of a dipolar aprotic cosolvent to produce an essentially linear alkylated phenol which is condensated with a sulphurizing agent to produce the low temperature flow improver wherein:(a) the polymer composition has a number average molecular weight of at least about 3,000 and a molecular weight distribution of at least about 1.5;(b) in the alkylated phenol reactant the alkyl groups (i) are essentially linear; (ii) have between 6 and 50 carbon atoms; and (iii) have an average number of carbon atoms between about 12 and 26; and(c) not more than about 10 mole percent of the alkyl groups on the alkylated phenol have less than 12 carbon atoms and not more than about 10 mole percent of the alkyl groups on the alkylated phenol have more than 26 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A color-developing sheet for pressure-sensitive copying paper sheets is obtained using an aqueous suspension of a color-developing composition containing a multivalent metal salt of a salicylic acid resin obtained from a salicylic acid ester and a mixture of styrenes which include a styrene dimer, which aqueous suspension is obtained by finely wet-grinding the color-developing composition in the presence of at least one anionic, water-soluble, high-molecular weight substance selected from (a) polyvinyl alcohol derivatives containing at least one sulfonic acid group thereof and salts thereof and (b) polymers and copolymers containing as an essential component a styrenesulfonic acid salt.

Abstract: Polymers obtained by condensing polyols with divinyl orthocarbonates are useful for making bioerodible polymers for sustained release of beneficial agents.

Abstract: Compounds containing at least one cyanate group, at least one maleimide group and at least one rodlike mesogenic moiety are prepared by reacting one or more aminophenols containing one or more rodlike mesogenic moieties with a stoichiometric quantity of a maleic anhydride per amine group of said aminophenol and then cyanating the resulting phenolic functional maleimide.

Abstract: Compounds containing at least one cyanate group, at least one maleimide group and at least one rodlike mesogenic moiety are prepared by reacting one or more aminophenols containing one or more rodlike mesogenic moieties with a stoichiometric quantity of a maleic anhydride per amine group of said aminophenol and then cyanating the resulting phenolic functional maleimide.

Abstract: A polymer which can undergo thermally-induced transformation to provide a reinforcing component and a matrix component. This polymer has repeating units of the formula: ##STR1## wherein Z is selected from the group consisting of dialkyl amino thermoplastic moieties and dialkyl amino moieties which can undergo insitu reaction to form a thermoset. Dialkyl amino moieties which can undergo insitu reaction to form thermosets include the following: ##STR2## wherein Q is ##STR3## R is --CH.sub.3 or Q and a has a value of 1 to 3. Dialkyl amino thermoplastic moieties include the following: ##STR4##The invention described herein may be manufactured and used by or for the Government of the United States for all governmental purposes without the payment of any royalty.

Abstract: An optical film having high optical uniformity is disclosed, including a thermoplastic resin film having no periodic thickness variation of sine waveform having a pitch of 50 mm or less and a thickness change of 0.5 .mu.m or more on continuous thickness measurement in the machine direction, and an optical film having a retardation value of 1200 nm or less with a fluctuation of not more than 10% and a rate of change of not more than 1.3%/cm, which is obtained by stretching said thermoplastic resin film. The optical film is laminated on a polarizing sheet to serve as a phase retarder.

Abstract: A fluorine-containing aromatic polyamide obtained by reacting an aromatic dicarboxylic acid having a perfluoroalkenyloxy group with a diamine is excellent in water repellency, water resistance, heat resistance, etc.

Abstract: A multiply-branched aliphatic-aromatic polyester and a method for producing that polymer. The method comprises condensing a branching reactant represented by the general formula ##STR1## Each j is 1 or 2, each Ar is independently selected from the group consisting of aromatic and heteroaromatic moieties having a total of ring carbons and heteroatoms of from 5 to about 20, each R.sup.1 is a linking group independently selected from alkyl having from 1 to about 6 carbons, fluoroalkyl having from 1 to about 6 carbons, --O--, --S--, --C.tbd.C--, and ##STR2## Z.sup.1 is selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl and --OSi(CH.sub.3).sub.3, and each Z.sup.2 is independently selected from groups having the structural formula ##STR3## wherein each R.sup.2 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, chloro, bromo, monovalent alkoxide having from 1 to about 6 carbons, and --O--(CH.sub.2).sub.g --OH, wherein g is an integer from 1 to 3, or Z.sup.

Abstract: A multiply-branched aliphatic-aromatic polyester and a method for producing that polymer. The method comprises condensing Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 groups of a branching reactant having the general formula Z.sup.1 --Ar--(Z.sup.2)j. In this formula, j is 2 or 3 and Ar is an aryl or heteroaryl group having from 1 to 3, solitary or linked or fused, substituted or unsubstituted, five or six membered rings. One of Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 is a group having the ##STR1## general formula in which R.sup.1 is selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, chloro, bromo, monovalent alkoxide having from 1 to about 6 carbons, and --O--(CH.sub.2).sub.d --OH, wherein d is an integer from 1 to 3; and the other is a group having the general formula ##STR2## in which R.sup.2 is a divalent alkyl group having from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, and g is an integer from 0 to about 100.

Abstract: By-products from the chlorination of butadiene may be reacted with phenols in the presence of iron catalysts to form Novolak type phenol resins.

Abstract: Novel polymers of carbon monoxide with styrene and/or with one or more substituted styrenes having a M.sub.n >30,000 are prepared by contacting the monomers with a catalyst composition formed from a palladium compound, a strong acid with a pKa less than -3, a nitrogen bidentate ligand, and an organic oxidizing agent.

Abstract: A multiply-branched cycloalkyl polyester and a method for producing that polymer. The method comprises condensing Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 groups of a branching reactant having the general formula (Z.sup.1)j-CYCLO-(Z.sup.2)k, in which j is 1 or 2, k is 1 or 2, j+k is 3, 4, or 5. CYCLO is selected from the group consisting of non-aromatic ring systems having from 1 to 8, solitary or fused or linked alkyl or heteroalkyl rings. One of Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 is a group having the general formula ##STR1## and the other is --OH, --OSi(CH.sub.3).sub.3, or a group having the general formula ##STR2## R.sup.1 is selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, chloro, bromo, monovalent alkoxide having from 1 to about 6 carbons, and --O-- (CH.sub.2).sub.d --OH, wherein d is an integer from 1 to 3. R.sup.2 is a divalent alkyl group having from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, and g is an integer from 0 to about 100. If CYCLO is a solitary ring then j+k is 3, 4, or 5. If Z.sup.1 is bonded to a linear aliphatic linking group then Z.sup.

Abstract: Linear alternating polymers of carbon monoxide, non-conjugated alkenylbenzene compound and optionally ethylene are produced by contacting the monomeric reactants under polymerization conditions in the presence of an inert reaction diluent and a catalytic quantity of a catalyst composition formed from a compound of palladium, the anion of a strong non-hydrohalogenic acid having a pKa less than 2 and a bis(dialkylphosphino)alkane. The polymer products are thermoplastics and have utility as engineering thermoplastics.

Abstract: An improved method for producing multiply-branched polyester comprising condensing a reactant having the general formula Z.sup.1 --Ar--(Z.sup.2).sub.j, wherein j is 2 or 3, Ar is an aryl or heteroaryl group having from 1 to 3, solitary or linked or fused, five or six membered rings, and one of Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 is a carboxyl group and the other is a group having the general formula ##STR1## wherein R is an alkyl group having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, X is selected from the group consisting of fluoro and chloro and g is an integer from 0 to about 7.

Abstract: A hydrophilic contact lens is disclsoed incorporating melanin that protects the eye from harmful radiation and superoxide.

Abstract: Tris(norbornenyl) isocyanurate compounds of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is either H or methyl group, are prepared from the base-catalyzed trimerization of norbornenyl isocyanate. Tris(norbornenyl) isocyanurate is suitable for use as a crosslinker in thiol-ene formulations containing a difunctional thiol oligomer or in systems containing norbornene-difunctional oligomers and polyfunctional thiols, producing improved high temperature properties for the cured compositions.

Abstract: Fluorinated polyether compositions having reactive end gorups, such as ##STR1## can be crosslinked to produce cured films useful as dielectrics for microelectronic applications. Other reactive end groups such as allyl, benzocyclobutyl, N-phenylmaleimido, alkynylphenyyl, styryl, allylphenyl, cyanophenyl, and triazenophenyl are also suitable.

Abstract: An improved stereolithography method for building a three-dimensional article including the steps of patternwise curing successive layers of a bath of curable liquid resin formulation until the article has been completely built up, removing the article from the liquid resin bath and then post-curing the article, wherein the liquid resin is a "thiol/nene" formulation including:(a) a first compound having a plurality of norbornene groups thereon;(b) a second compound having a plurality of thiol groups therein; and(c) a free radical photoinitiator,the total functionality of the formulation being greater than 4.

Abstract: Compounds containing at least one alkenyl group, at least one maleimide group and at least one rodlike mesogenic moiety are prepared by reacting one or more aminophenols containing one or more rodlike mesogenic moieties with a stoichiometric quantity of a maleic anhydride per amine group of said aminophenol and then alkenylating the resulting phenolic functional maleimide.

Abstract: New and useful aromatic polyethers, which are high in glass transition temperatures, possess excellent mechanical properties, thermal resistance, solvent resistance, and generate fluorescence, are described. Also described are fluorescent resin compositions containing the aromatic polyethers. Processes for preparing the aromatic polyethers and the fluorescent resin compositions are also described.

Abstract: The present invention features a highly oriented, triazine superstructural network, whose structural alignment is magnetically induced in the liquid crystalline phase during the curing process of its liquid crystalline cyanate ester precursor. High mechanical strength cross-linked network structures are prepared from a new class of liquid crystalline dicyanate compounds. Optionally ring substituted di-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-terephthalate is synthesized as a precursor in the preparation of highly structured triazine networks. The orientation of the triazine networks has been accomplished by magnetically aligning the liquid crystalline phase of the precursor during the curing reaction.

Abstract: Polyesters or polyanhydrides are produced by reaction of non-conjugated dienes with diols or dicarboxylic acids, respectively, in the presence of a catalyst composition formed from a palladium compound, a monodentate phosphorus ligand optionally employed with a bidentate phosphorus ligand and a limited amount of a protonic acid having a pKa below 2, in the substantial absence of water. The polymer products are useful as constituents of sealants, adhesives and paints.

Abstract: Fluorinated poly(arylene ethers) having a repeat unit such as ##STR1## are useful as dielectric materials in multilayer interconnects in integrated circuit chips and multichip modules and as protective materials for chips.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a medium incorporating melanin for radiation protection.

Abstract: The invention relates to polyacrylates corresponding to formula (I) ##STR1## to their production in a quasi-ionic polymerization and to their use as monofunctional chain terminators, optionally in combination with typical other chain terminators, for the production of aromatic polycarbonates.The invention also relates to the polycarbonates or polycarbonate mixtures obtained using the compounds corresponding to formula (I) and to their use as additives for other thermoplastic polycarbonates.

Abstract: A predetermined pattern of a dielectric polymer is formed on a substrate from a prepolymer which is an ether of the reaction product of a dicyclopentadiene and a phenol.

Abstract: Improvements in the thermal stability of bis(isoimide) resins are achieved by the addition of small amounts of trihydroxyaromatic or polyhydroxyaromatic compounds to the partially polymerized bis(isoimide) resin composition.

Abstract: New aromatic compounds containing at least one cyanate ester and at least one propargyl ether group, each independently directly attached to a ring carbon atom(s), are useful in the preparation of resins having a low dielectric constant.

Abstract: An improvement in thermosetting bis(isoimide) resin compositions is achieved by replacing a small part of the unsaturated carboxylic acid anhydride starting material with a stoichiometrically equivalent amount of a poly(diolefin)-unsaturated carboxylic acid anhydride adduct.