Abstract: Water soluble light harvesting multichromophores that have an ultraviolet absorption maximum are provided. In some embodiments, the multichromophores include a conjugated segment including a fused 6-5-6 tricyclic co-monomer and a UV absorbance-modifying co-monomer. The multichromophores may include an acceptor chromophore covalently linked to the multichromophore in energy-receiving proximity therewith. In some embodiments, a specific binding member is covalently linked to the multichromophore. Also provided are methods of evaluating a sample for the presence of a target analyte and methods of labelling a target molecule using compositions including the light harvesting multichromophores. Kits and systems for practicing the subject methods are also provided.

Abstract: Polymeric BODIPY dyes including light harvesting BODIPY unit-comprising multichromophores are provided. In some embodiments, the dyes are polymeric tandem dyes that include a light harvesting BODIPY unit-comprising multichromophore and an acceptor chromophore covalently linked to the multichromophore in energy-receiving proximity therewith. The polymeric tandem dyes may be covalently linked to a specific binding member. Also provided are methods of evaluating a sample for the presence of a target analyte and methods of labelling a target molecule using compositions including the polymeric tandem dyes. Kits and systems for practicing the subject methods are also provided.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a composition that includes where A includes at least one of a carbon-carbon bond or a bridging group, R includes between 0 and 4 of a first hydrocarbon, and n is between 2 and 3,000. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the bridging group may include a linear hydrocarbon chain and/or a branched hydrocarbon chain. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the bridging group may include between 1 and 10 carbon atoms.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to biodegradable and biocompatible dendritic repeating unit/scaffold (bRU), to a method of synthesis of biodegradable and biocompatible dendritic repeating unit/scaffold (bRU) and to the biomedical applications of biodegradable and biocompatible dendritic repeating unit/scaffold (bRU). This bRU is useful as scaffold to synthesize fully biodegradable dendrimers and/or “mix” or “hybrid” biodegradable dendrimers, presenting a biodegradable shell and a hydrolytically stable/non-degradable core of already existing dendritic systems, in particular it relates to a Biodegradable dendritic structure of formula (I).

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to provide an aromatic polycarbonate oligomer solid which has a markedly reduced amount of a low molecular weight component, has no or a markedly reduced amount of chlorine-containing compounds, has a high loose bulk density and is easy to handle. The purpose is met by an aromatic polycarbonate oligomer solid which includes a repeating unit represented by general formula (1), has a weight average molecular weight of 500 to 10000, has a low molecular weight component of less than or equal to 5.0 area % as measured by high performance liquid chromatography, and has a loose bulk density of greater than or equal to 0.20 g/cm3.

Abstract: Water soluble light harvesting multichromophores that have an ultraviolet absorption maximum are provided. In some embodiments, the multichromophores include a conjugated segment including a fused 6-5-6 tricyclic co-monomer and a UV absorbance-modifying co-monomer. The multichromophores may include an acceptor chromophore covalently linked to the multichromophore in energy-receiving proximity therewith. In some embodiments, a specific binding member is covalently linked to the multichromophore. Also provided are methods of evaluating a sample for the presence of a target analyte and methods of labelling a target molecule using compositions including the light harvesting multichromophores. Kits and systems for practicing the subject methods are also provided.

Abstract: A method of making an iridescent, vehicular trim assembly is provided that includes: molding a polymeric base comprising an exterior surface; and over-molding an element over at least a portion of the exterior surface. The element comprises a polymeric, translucent material and an exterior surface with an integral diffraction grating having a thickness from 250 to 1000 nm and a period from 50 nanometers to 5 microns. Further, the molding can be conducted such that the polymeric base is molded with a tint. The method can also include forming a plated region over the exterior surface of the base. In addition, the method can also include cleaning the plated region with a plasma-etching process before the over-molding.

Abstract: A polyphenylene ether oligomer and a polyphenylene ether oligomer are provided. The polyphenylene ether oligomer has a structure represented by Formula (I): wherein each R1 can be independently hydrogen, C1-6 alkyl group, or phenyl group; each R2 can be independently hydrogen, C1-6 alkyl group, or phenyl group; a:(a+b) is from 0.05:1 to 1:1; n:(a+b) is from 0.05:1 to 5:1; Q can be m can be 0 or an integer from 1 to 4; Ra can be C1-6 alkylene group; Rb can be C1-6 alkylene group; each X is independently hydrogen, acryloyl group, allyl group, vinylbenzyl group, epoxypropyl group, methacryloyl group, propargyl group, or cyanol group; and wherein the polyphenylene ether oligomer can have a number average molecular weight from 400 to 2,000.

Abstract: Polymeric BODIPY dyes including light harvesting BODIPY unit-comprising multichromophores are provided. In some embodiments, the dyes are polymeric tandem dyes that include a light harvesting BODIPY unit-comprising multichromophore and an acceptor chromophore covalently linked to the multichromophore in energy-receiving proximity therewith. The polymeric tandem dyes may be covalently linked to a specific binding member. Also provided are methods of evaluating a sample for the presence of a target analyte and methods of labelling a target molecule using compositions including the polymeric tandem dyes. Kits and systems for practicing the subject methods are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides monomers, analogs, and/or derivatives of bisphenols substituted with one or more fluoromethyl groups. These monomers, analogs, and/or derivatives can be used to form oligomers and/or polymers, which in turn can be used to make compounds with dielectric properties suitable for dielectric materials, including for example, use in energy dense capacitors. In a preferred embodiment, the compounds can comprise a polycarbonate of a homopolymer, copolymer, and/or terpolymer of a bisphenol with one or more fluoromethyl substitution groups. In an aspect of the invention the compounds chosen can be selected based on various desired characteristics, including, for example, their energy density, glass transition temperature, dielectric loss, and/or dipole density.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing aromatic polycarbonates, comprising the step of reacting bisphenols with dithiocarbonates or selenium analogs thereof in the presence of a catalyst. It further relates to the use of dithiocarbonates or selenium analogs thereof as transesterifying reagents for the preparation of polycarbonates.

Abstract: A method for recovering a dihydroxy aromatic compound and urea from a polycarbonate-containing composition comprising a polycarbonate and a phosphorus-containing flame retardant, comprising contacting the composition with ammonia in the presence of a swelling solvent for a time sufficient to depolymerize the polycarbonate producing a dihydroxy aromatic compound and urea.

Abstract: An intermediate transfer member that includes a crosslinked poly(ether ether ketone) polymer, an optional conductive component, an optional polymer, and an optional release additive.

Abstract: A process for making polyarylethers provides a reaction mixture that includes a dipolar aprotic solvent for polyarylether and polyarylether forming reactants, and reacts the polyarylether-forming reactants, with removing of water with nitrogen in the absence of azeotrope forming cosolvent and optionally replacing removed amounts with dipolar aprotic solvent. The process can further include directly wet spinning the reactor solution without recovery of the polymer from the dipolar aprotic solvent through a spinneret to form hollow fibers or flat sheets suitable for membranes.

Abstract: A method for producing a transparent thermoplastic resin pellet comprising a step of kneading a transparent thermoplastic resin with a kneader under a condition under which a damage history calculated according to the following formula is 500 to 2,500: Damage history={Residence time (tr)}×{Shear rate (?)} Residence time (tr)=(W×H×L)/Q Shear rate (?)=(?×D×N)/H in the formulae, W represents a screw groove width (pitch) [cm]; H represents a screw groove depth [cm]; L represents a screw length [cm]; Q represents a resin supply amount [g/s]; D represents a screw diameter [cm]; and N represents a screw rotation number [rps].

Abstract: A polycarbonate copolymer including a repeating unit represented by the following formula (1) and having a copolymerization molar ratio represented by Ar2/(Ar1+Ar2) of 30 mol % or more and 47 mol % or less. In the formula (1), Ar1 is a group represented by the following formula (2a) or (2b) and Ar2 is a group represented by the following formula (3); and n is an average number of repetition and is 1.12 or more and 2.34 or less.

Abstract: A naphthalene derivative having formula (1) is provided wherein Ar1 and Ar2 denote a benzene or naphthalene ring, and n is such a natural number as to provide a weight average molecular weight of up to 100,000. A material comprising the naphthalene derivative or a polymer comprising the naphthalene derivative is spin coated to form a resist bottom layer having improved properties. A pattern forming process in which a resist bottom layer formed by spin coating is combined with an inorganic hard mask formed by CVD is available.

Abstract: A phenolic monomer used in the lithographic process for semiconductor fabrication, a polymer for preparing a resist under-layer comprising the same, and a resist under-layer composition comprising the same, are disclosed.

Abstract: A biphenyl derivative having formula (1) is provided wherein Ar1 and Ar2 denote a benzene or naphthalene ring, and x and z each are 0 or 1. A material comprising the biphenyl derivative or a polymer comprising recurring units of the biphenyl derivative is spin coated and heat treated to form a resist bottom layer having improved properties, optimum values of n and k, step coverage, etch resistance, heat resistance, solvent resistance, and minimized outgassing.

Abstract: Disclosed is a polymer which is useful for the preparation of an epoxy resin composition or a cured product thereof in film or sheet exhibiting high heat resistance, high thermal conductivity, low thermal expansion, high gas barrier property, and high toughness. The polymer is a thermoplastic aromatic ether polymer comprising a unit represented by the following general formula (1) at a ratio of 10 to 100 mol % and having a weight average molecular weight of 3,000 or more; in formula (1), X is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, R1 and R2 each is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group of 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an aryl group, an alkoxy group, an aralkyl group, or a halogen atom, and n is a number of 1 to 3.

Abstract: A resin compound includes a reaction product of (A) aliphatic polyester and/or aliphatic polyamide and (B) an aromatic compound of which a compositional ratio is from 0.1 part by weight to 5 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the (A) and which is represented by the following Formula (1), (X)—(CH2OH)n??Formula (1) wherein in Formula (1), X represents an n-valent group having one or more aromatic rings, and n represents an integer of from 2 to 10.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of polyarylene ether block copolymers comprising, in a first stage, the reaction of at least one aromatic dihydroxy compound comprising 4,4?-dihydroxybiphenyl in a molar excess and of at least one aromatic dihalogen compound, to form a polybiphenyl sulfone polymer, and then, in a second stage, the reaction of the polybiphenyl sulfone polymer with at least one aromatic dihydroxy compound and of at least one aromatic dihalogen compound. The invention further relates to the resultant polyarylene sulfone block copolymers and to the use of the polyarylene sulfone block copolymers for the production of moldings, fibers, films, or foams.

Abstract: The invention provides an epoxy resin composition, a novel epoxy resin, a novel phenol resin and a semiconductor encapsulating material. The cured article of the epoxy resin composition has superior characteristics in flame retardancy, heat-resistant and curing. The epoxy resin composition is a preferable resin composition using in a semiconductor device or a circuit board device, and has the structure in which a naphthalene structure is bonded with an arylene group through an oxygen atom, and the total number of the aromatic nucleus in both the naphthalene structures and the arylenes group is 2-8. The epoxy resin composition essentially includes an epoxy resin (A) having the glycidoxy group as a substituent in the aromatic nucleus and a curing agent (B).

Abstract: A composition is prepared by oxidative copolymerization of specific amounts of 2,6-dimethylphenol, 2,3,6-trimethylphenol, and a hydroxyaryl-terminated polysiloxane. The composition exhibits an increased heat resistance relative to a corresponding composition prepared by copolymerizing 2,6-dimethylphenol and hydroxyaryl-terminated polysiloxane, without 2,3,6-trimethylphenol. The composition is useful as a flame-retardant additive in polymer compositions that require high heat resistance.

Abstract: A high degree of resistance to moisture and solder and high flame retardancy are realized without incorporating a halogen in view of environmental friendliness. A phenolic resin has structural moieties which are a naphthylmethyloxy group- or anthrylmethyloxy group-containing aromatic hydrocarbon group (ph1), a phenolic hydroxyl group-containing aromatic hydrocarbon group (ph2), and a divalent aralkyl group (X) represented by general formula (1) below: (where Ar represents a phenylene group or a biphenylene group and Rs each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group) and has a structure in which plural aromatic hydrocarbon groups selected from the group consisting of the naphthylmethyloxy group- or anthrylmethyloxy group-containing aromatic hydrocarbon group (ph1) and the phenolic hydroxyl group-containing aromatic hydrocarbon group (ph2) are bonded through the divalent aralkyl group (X). This phenolic resin is used as a curing agent for an epoxy resin.

Abstract: Methods for performing a condensation reaction are disclosed. Specifically, various methods for the production of highly-pure bisphenol-A are disclosed in which an attached promoter ion exchange resin catalyst system is combined with a solvent crystallization step.

Abstract: A polymer includes a monomeric repeat unit represented by Formula I: In Formula I, R1 is alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, or heterocyclyl; R2 is alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl; R3 is alkyl, OH, halo, or alkoxy; R4 is alkyl, OH, halo, or alkoxy; Y is absent, C(O), C1-C4 alkylidene, or C1-C4 alkylideneamino; L is alkylidene, alkylidene-O-alkylidene, alkylidene-S-alkylidene, alkenylidene, cycloalkylidene, arylene, heteroarylene, C(O)O, or C(O)S; n1 is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4; and n2 is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4.

Abstract: Methods of extracting recycling carbon fibers are provided. Method of extracting and recycling carbon fibers with furan-2-carbaldehyde are provided and systems for performing the same are also provided. Compositions comprising resin composites, carbon fibers, and/or furan-2-carbaldehyde are also provided.

Abstract: The invention provides a compound for forming an organic film having a partial structure represented by the following formula (i) or (ii), wherein the ring structures Ar1, Ar2 and Ar3 each represent a substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring or naphthalene ring; e is 0 or 1; R0 represents a hydrogen atom or a linear, branched or cyclic monovalent organic group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms; L0 represents a linear, branched or cyclic divalent organic group having 1 to 32 carbon atoms; and the methylene group constituting L0 may be substituted by an oxygen atom or a carbonyl group. There can be provided an organic film composition for forming an organic film having high dry etching resistance as well as advanced filling/planarizing characteristics.

Abstract: To provide phosphorus-containing epoxy resins and phosphorus-containing epoxy resin compositions having high levels of appearance, yield and economic efficiency and cured products thereof that are used for various applications. A phosphorus-containing phenol compound represented by Formula (3) obtained by reacting a compound represented by Formula (2) with a compound represented by Formula (1), wherein in the peak area (A) of the component represented by Formula (1) on a chromatogram measured under specific conditions by gel permeation chromatography, peak area (B) on the high-molecular-weight side of the component of Formula (1), and total area (C) of peak area (A) and peak area (B), the value obtained by dividing peak area (B) by total area (C) is 8 area % or less, and epoxy resin compositions and cured products comprising the phosphorus-containing phenol compound as an essential ingredient.

Abstract: An organic film-forming polymer has a Tg of at least 70° C. and comprises a backbone comprising recurring units of Structure (A) shown in this application. These organic film-forming polymers can be used as dielectric materials in various devices with improved properties such as improved mobility.

Abstract: Provided are a crystalline resin cured product which shows high thermal conductivity, low thermal expansion, high heat resistance, low moisture absorption, and good gas barrier properties and a crystalline resin composite material produced therefrom. Further provided is a method for producing the crystalline resin cured product and the crystalline resin composite material. The crystalline resin cured product is obtained by the reaction of an aromatic diglycidyl compound or a diglycidyl resin with an aromatic dihydroxy compound or with a dihydroxy resin and it shows a heat of melting of 10 J/g or more in differential thermal analysis while the endothermic peak corresponding to the melting appears in the range of 120 to 320° C. The crystalline resin composite material is obtained by combining the crystalline resin cured product with a filler or a base material. The crystalline resin cured product has a unit represented by -A-O—CH2—CH(OH)—CH2—O—B—, wherein A and B are divalent aromatic groups.

Abstract: The problem is to provide a front plate of a TN liquid crystal panel capable of inhibiting occurrence of color unevenness caused by retardation of a polycarbonate resin sheet, even when a liquid crystal panel is observed through polarizing glasses or liquid crystal shutter glasses for 3D, while having excellent impact resistance, heat resistance and transparency. The solution means is the front plate 1 of a TN liquid crystal panel provided with the polycarbonate resin sheet 10, wherein the direction of the slow axis X or the fast axis Y of the polycarbonate resin sheet 10 is inclined by 45° with respect to the lengthwise direction L of a liquid crystal panel.

Abstract: A high degree of resistance to moisture and solder and high flame retardancy are realized without incorporating a halogen in view of environmental friendliness. A phenolic resin has structural moieties which are a naphthylmethyloxy group- or anthrylmethyloxy group-containing aromatic hydrocarbon group (ph1), a phenolic hydroxyl group-containing aromatic hydrocarbon group (ph2), and a divalent aralkyl group (X) represented by general formula (1) below: (where Ar represents a phenylene group or a biphenylene group and Rs each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group) and has a structure in which plural aromatic hydrocarbon groups selected from the group consisting of the naphthylmethyloxy group- or anthrylmethyloxy group-containing aromatic hydrocarbon group (ph1) and the phenolic hydroxyl group-containing aromatic hydrocarbon group (ph2) are bonded through the divalent aralkyl group (X). This phenolic resin is used as a curing agent for an epoxy resin.

Abstract: To provide a prepolymer which is excellent in heat resistance and which can form a cured product excellent in oil repellency and water repellency. A crosslinkable prepolymer having a polyaryl ether structure on its main chain, which has a crosslinkable functional group and a side chain represented by “Rf-CH2—O—” wherein Rf is a C3-50 fluorinated alkyl group (which may contain an oxygen atom forming an ether bond).

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for preparing a polycondensation resin. The method includes preparing a low degree condensate; and solid phase polymerizing the low degree condensate, wherein a granular molded article is introduced into the solid phase polymerization. The method enables efficient manufacture of high quality resins without problems such as agglomeration or scaling of a low degree condensate in pipes.

Abstract: A resin compound includes a reaction product of (A) aliphatic polyester and/or aliphatic polyamide and (B) an aromatic compound of which a compositional ratio is from 0.1 part by weight to 5 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the (A) and which is represented by the following Formula (1), (X)—(CH2OH)n??Formula (1) wherein in Formula (1), X represents an n-valent group having one or more aromatic rings, and n represents an integer of from 2 to 10.

Abstract: An optical film comprising a copolycarbonate composed of 25 to 90 mol % of unit (A) of the following formula, and 10 to 75 mol % of unit (B) of the following formula, wherein the substituents are defined herein, and the optical film satisfies the following expression (1), R(450)<R(550)<R(650) (1), wherein R(450), R(550) and R(650) are in-plane retardation values of the film at wavelengths of 450 nm, 550 nm and 650 nm. The optical film exhibits a desired chromatic dispersion, low photoelasticity and excellent melt processability.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to methods and materials useful for polymerizing a monomer. In one embodiment, for example, the disclosure provides a method for polymerizing a monomer containing a plurality of electrophilic groups, wherein the method comprises contacting the monomer with a nucleophilic reagent in the presence of a guanidine-containing catalyst. The methods and materials of the disclosure find utility, for example, in the field of materials science.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for functionalizing natural fatty substances: According to said method, plant oils including at least two unsaturations and the derivatives thereof, fatty acids including at least one unsaturated compound and the derivatives thereof, and mixtures of same, are reacted with a thiol derivative of formula (I), at a temperature of between 0° C. and the temperature of total degradation of the natural fatty substance and in the presence of a thermal initiator compound or a redox initiator, or by UV radiation, or by UV radiation and in the presence of a photoinitiator. The invention also relates to the resulting functionalized fatty substances and to the use thereof for the preparation of polymers. The invention further relates to a method for preparing polymers from at least one functionalized fatty substance obtained by said functionalization method.

Abstract: There is disclosed A resist underlayer film composition, the resist underlayer film composition contains a truxene compound having a substituted or an unsubstituted naphthol group as shown by the following general formula (1). There can be provided a resist underlayer film composition to form a resist underlayer film being capable of reducing reflectance and having high etching resistance, heat resistance.

Abstract: A polycarbonate resin which is excellent in terms of optical properties, hue, thermal stability, and mechanical properties and a transparent film formed from the resin are provided. The invention relates to a polycarbonate resin which has a glass transition temperature of 110-150° C. and a reduced viscosity, as measured at 20° C. with respect to the methylene chloride solution having a concentration of 0.6 g/dL, of 0.30-0.46, and which, when being molded, gives a film wherein the ratio of the retardation thereof measured at a wavelength of 450 nm (Re450) to the retardation thereof measured at a wavelength of 550 nm (Re550) is 0.50-0.93.

Abstract: A method for preparing terpolymer of poly (biphenyl sulfone ether) and poly (ether sulfone) comprises: adding high-temperature organic solvent into a flask, stirring and heating to 80° C., adding 4,4?-dichlorodiphenylsulfone,4,4?-Bis(4-chlorophenyl)sulfonyl-1,1?-biphenyl and 4,4?-dihydroxydiphenylsulfone with solid content of 20-35%; stirring until monomers are completely dissolved, heating to 100° C., adding salt-forming agent and xylene; stirring while heating so that salt-forming reaction begins in the system, wherein the system temperature is controlled between 190° C. and 210° C.; when the amount of water discharged reaches the theoretical value, the first stage of salt-forming reaction is finished; heating the system to 230-236° C.

Abstract: An aryl composition includes aryl ether oligomers. These compositions may be prepared by reaction of one or more dihalobenzenes with one or more dihydroxybenzenes by an Ullman ether reaction. The oligomers may have two or more benzene rings and include terminal halogen, e.g., bromine (Br), or hydroxyl (OH) groups. These oligomers may be brominated to form flame retardant compositions for thermoplastic polymers.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to epoxides, polyepoxide compositions and epoxy resins whose degradation products exhibit little or no estradiol binding activity. Also disclosed are methods for making the disclosed compositions and articles of manufacture comprising the disclosed compositions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel method for synthesizing a composition of polymers, copolymers, terpolymers and tetrapolymers, and to the use thereof, said composition being made from: cyclodextrins, in particular ?-cyclodextrin, ?-cyclodextrin, ?-cyclodextrin, the derivatives thereof or the corresponding mixtures thereof; and/or calix[n]arene(s) and/or calix[n]arene derivative(s) and/or a mixture of two or more different calix[n]arenes selected from calix[n]arenes (n=4-20) and/or the derivatives thereof, and to the uses thereof. A method was developed on the basis of bulk polycondensation by heating. The invention can be used in the pharmaceutical, human medicine, veterinary medicine, chemistry, separation chemistry, environmental, electronics, biology, diagnostics, phytosanitation, medicinal food, agri-food, and cosmetics fields, and in the nutraceutical field and in the field of molecular imprints (MIP).

Abstract: A method synthesizes a composition of polymers, copolymers, terpolymers and tetrapolymers. The composition may be made by combining in a reaction chamber, a crosslinking agent and one or more of a calix[n]arene, cyclodextrin, a mixture of a plurality of calix[n]arenes, different cyclodextrins, derivatives of calix[n]arenes, and derivatives of cyclodextrins, stirring the mixture, making a solid residue using microwaves, washing the solid residue, drying some of the wash, filtering some of the wash, and drying the resulting filtered solution. The composition may include alpha-cyclodextrin, beta-cyclodextrin, gamma-cyclodextrin, the derivatives or corresponding mixtures thereof, and/or calix[n]arene(s) and/or of calix[n]arene derivative(s) and/or a mixture of two or more different calix[n]arenes selected from calix[n]arenes (n=4-20) and/or the derivatives thereof.

Abstract: A metal complex represented by the following formula (1): wherein R1 to R6 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent; Y1 and Y2 each independently represent any one of the following groups: wherein R? represents a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; P1 and P2 each represent a group of atoms necessary for forming a heterocyclic ring together with Y1 or Y2 and the two carbon atoms at a position adjacent to Y1 or Y2; P1 and P2 may be linked to each other to form a ring; M represents a transition metal element or typical metal element; m represents 1 or 2; X represents a counter ion or a neutral molecule; n represents the number of X's in the complex, and an integer of 0 or more; and Q1 and Q2 each independently represent an aromatic heterocyclic group.

Abstract: Oligomers and/or polymers comprising a backbone comprising arylamine and fluorinated alkyleneoxy moieties which may be crosslinked. Ink formulations and devices can be formed from the oligomers or polymers, or corresponding monomers. Doped compositions can be formed. Charge injection and transport layers can be formed. Improved stability can be achieved in organic electronic devices such as OLEDs and OPVs.

Abstract: A biphenyl derivative having formula (1) is provided wherein Ar1 and Ar2 denote a benzene or naphthalene ring, and x and z each are 0 or 1. A material comprising the biphenyl derivative or a polymer comprising recurring units of the biphenyl derivative is spin coated and heat treated to form a resist bottom layer having improved properties, optimum values of n and k, step coverage, etch resistance, heat resistance, solvent resistance, and minimized outgassing.