Abstract: A method of production of a homopolymer or copolymer or homo-oligomer or co-oligomer product characterised in that the product is obtained by condensation reaction of a diaminoanthracene, substituted or not, optionally with a diiminoanthracene substituted or not in the absence of anthraquinone substituted or not.

Abstract: The present invention provides an insulating material showing excellent thermal propeties and electrical properties in semiconductor applications.

Abstract: A flexible printed board, in which a polyimide resulting from the imidation of a polyamic acid obtained by the addition polymerization of diamines and acid dianhydrides is formed as an insulating layer on a metal foil, is characterized in that the diamines include specific imidazolyl-diaminoazines represented by the formula 1; (where A is an imidazolyl group; R1 is an alkylene group; m is 0 or 1; R2 is an alkyl group; n is 0, 1, or 2; R3 and R4 are alkylene groups; p and q are each 0 or 1; and B is an azine residue, diazine residue, or triazine residue).

Abstract: The present inventors has its objects to provide a polymerization catalyst component, a copper compound which can easily be synthesized and is stable.

Abstract: In a photoconductive element comprising a conductive support, e.g., an electrically conductive film, drum or belt on which a negatively chargeable photoconductive layer is formed, an electrical barrier layer is formed between the support and the photoconductive layer. The barrier layer provides a high energy barrier to the injection of positive charges but transports electrons under an applied electric field. The barrier layer of the invention transports charge by electronic rather than ionic mechanisms and, therefore, is not substantially affected by humidity changes.

Abstract: A polyamide having repeating units represented by formula (1), wherein R1 represents a divalent hydrocarbon residue optionally having in the structure a heteroatom having no active hydrogen. The polyamide has a high refractive index, is biodegradable, and is useful as a material for fibers and plastics.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a highly branched polyamide oligomer of the general formula (I) as hereinabove defined, to the process for preparing and branched oligomers and to different uses thereof. As well known to the man skilled in the art, the implementations and efficacy of the different polyamide oligomers may vary, depending on their structure and valency (reactive groups composition). Polyamide oligomers may be used, for example, as epoxy hardeners in the preparation of thermosetting compositions, as thermoplastic hot melt adhesives, as adhesion promoters and many other suitable applications. The highly branched oligomers disclosed have been shown to be highly efficient, for example, as epoxy hardeners, inter alia, in the formation of glue, lacquer, enamel or sealant mixtures.

Abstract: Polymerisable resins which comprise a porphyrinogenic ring system obtained by the reaction of: (a) one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of pyrrole and N-(lower)alkyl pyrroles, any of which may be optionally substituted, and (b) a C4-C6 saturated alicyclic ketone which is capable of reacting with the 2 or 5 position of the pyrrole ring. Resin coating systems comprising the said resins.

Abstract: The nonlinear optically active copolymers according to the invention are polyadducts of at least one organic di- or polycyanate and a nonlinear optically active compound, i.e. a chromophore. These copolymers have outstanding thermal stability and are suitable for the fabrication of technically useful electro-optical and photonic components with long-term stability.

Abstract: Heat resistant polybenzoxazole resins useful as layer insulation films and protective films for semiconductor, layer insulation films for multilayer circuits, cover coats for flexible copper-clad sheets, solder resist films, liquid crystal-aligned films and the like. These resins have excellent thermal, electrical, physical and mechanical characteristics. Polybenzoxazole precursors are provided, represented by the general formula (A), and are used to obtain polybenzoxazole resins, represented by the general formula (D). In the formulas (A) and (D), n denotes an integer from 2-1000, and X denotes a structure having a formula selected from structures indicated at (B). In the formulas at (B), Y denotes a structure having a formula selected from those indicated at (C), and the hydrogen atom(s) on the benzene ring in these structures are optionally substituted.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of performing a chemical reaction between a reagent and a substrate, involving an acyl transfer mechanism, in the presence of an imidazole-based catalyst capable of forming a transition complex with the substrate. The catalytic imidazole function is provided by a chemical structure element comprising an optionally substituted imidazolyl group flanked on one or both sides by a group or groups capable of stabilizing the transition complex by molecular interaction with the acyl group. The invention also relates to such a designed chemical structure element, a method of producing it by recombinant DNA techniques and a vector therefor.

Abstract: The polybenzoxazole and polybenzothiazole precursors of the invention have the following partial structure: ##STR1## where: A.sup.1 to A.sup.6 are--independently of one another--H, F, CH.sub.3, CF.sub.3, OCH.sub.3, OCF.sub.3, CH.sub.2 CH.sub.3, CF.sub.2 CF.sub.3, OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.3 or OCF.sub.3 CF.sub.3 ;T is O or S, and m is 1;Z is a carbocyclic or heterocyclic aromatic radical.

Abstract: Amphoteric amine based polymers having a net cationic charge, wherein the polymers are obtained by reacting (a) at least one amine with (b) at least one crosslinking agent, in a molar ratio of (a):(b) of from 2:1 to 1:1.5 and (c) reacting the condensation products of (a) and (b), which are free of anionic groups, with an anionic group containing an alkylating agent or oxidizing their tertiary nitrogen atoms to N-oxides in such an amount that the resulting polymers still have a net cationic charge, and a process for the production of amphoteric amine based polymers having anet cationic charge by reacting the compounds of (a), (b) and (c) the amphoteric amine based polymers may be used as additives in detergents.

Abstract: The invention relates to a rotating electric machine including a coil of a wire having thereon an insulating coating comprising a polybenzimidazole. This rotating electric machine is stably maintained for a long time in dielectric strength even under a highly radioactive environment, due to the use of the special insulating coating. With this, the rotating electric machine can be driven stably for a long time. The invention further relates to another rotating electric machine including (a) a rotor having a rotating shaft; (b) a bearing for supporting the rotating shaft; and (c) a grease applied to the bearing. This grease contains (1) a polyphenyl ether having at least three aromatic rings in the molecule and (2) a urea. The rotor of this rotating electric machine is stably supported in the bearing for a long time even under a highly radioactive environment, due to the use of the special grease. Thus, this rotating electric machine can also be rotated stably for a long time.

Abstract: A multilayer wiring substrate using a resin composition comprising polyquinoline compound and bismaleimide compound as essential ingredients between wiring-carrying resin layers as insulating layers forms no void at the time of lamination, has an excellent adhesive property at various interfaces, has a heat stability after lamination and is high in reliability, so that, it is applicable to many fields not only including the multilayer wiring substrates capable of mounting LSI or tip carrier directly but also including multilayer wiring substrate for work station, mounting substrates for small-sized electronic devices such as camera and video for people's use, and high frequency multitip module multilayer substrate.

Abstract: Water soluble polyalkanolamides and a process to prepare same by reacting polycarboxylic acid or its anhydride, ester or halide derivative with at least one alkanolamine and optionally with a polyamine and removing the condensation byproduct water, alcohol or hydrogen halide.

Abstract: The polybenzoxazole and polybenzothiazole precursors of the invention have the following partial structure: ##STR1## where: A.sup.1 to A.sup.7 are--independently of one another--H, F, CH.sub.3, CF.sub.3, OCH.sub.3, OCF.sub.3, CH.sub.2 CH.sub.3, CF.sub.2 CF.sub.3, OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.3 or OCF.sub.2 CF.sub.3 ;T is O or S, and m is 1;Z is a carbocyclic or heterocyclic aromatic radical.

Abstract: A cyclic amine containing polymer substantially free of primary and secondary amino groups which is prepared by reacting:a) an amine selected from the group consisting of:i) cyclic amines having at least one nitrogen atom in the ring and at least one primary amino alkyl group bonded to the nitrogen atom of the ring, andii) mixtures of cyclic amines containing at least two nitrogen atoms which react with a cross-linking agent with at least one other amine containing 1-6 nitrogen atoms which react with a cross-linking agent, withb) at least one cross-linker selected from the group consisting of at least one compound containing two groups which react with the primary amino group and said nitrogen atoms and mixtures of at least one compound containing two groups which react with the primary amino group and said nitrogen atoms with at least one compound containing at least three groups which react with the primary amino group and said nitrogen atoms in a molar ratio of (a):(b) of from 2.5:1 to 1:1.

Abstract: The present invention provides: a cyclic imino ether group containing polymer with an extremely reduced amount of residual cyclic imino ether group containing monomer; and a production process therefor. The cyclic imino ether group containing polymer is obtained by a process including the step of polymerizing a monomer component including a cyclic imino ether group containing monomer, and contains a cyclic imino ether group containing monomer unit in the ratio of not less than 0.1 mol %, wherein the amount of the cyclic imino ether group containing monomer remaining in the polymer is not more than 15 ppm.

Abstract: A process for preparing cocondensates of aspartic acid and amines by heating aspartic acid and amines in the presence of acidic catalysts comprises supplying the feed region of the extruder with particulate aspartic acid and a downstream metering zone with at least one amine and at least one acidic catalyst, condensing the resulting mixture to such an extent by heating that the downstream end of the extruder discharges a precondensate which contains at least 20-95% by weight of the starting aspartic acid in condensed form, and then completing the condensation of the precondensate. The cocondensates are useful as incrustation inhibitors in detergents.

Abstract: Novel molten-salt type polyelectrolytes are disclosed which contain as an essential ingredient a molten salt polymer obtained by reacting an imidazolium derivative, such as a 1,3-dialkylimidazolium halide, 1,2,3-trialkylimidazolium halide, 1-vinyl-3-alkylimidazolium halide, or 1-vinyl-2,3-alkylimidazolium halide, with an acid monomer, a poly(vinylsulfonamide), trifluoromethanesulfonimide, or the like. The electrolytes show high ionic conductivity at room temperature and have excellent stability to temperature fluctuations and excellent mechanical properties.

Abstract: An organic polymer compound is synthesized by introducing an electron donor and an electron acceptor into a main polymer chain through chemical bonds in the mixing system at a molecular level. An electroluminescence display device (ELD) which has low driving voltage, various colors and rapid responsive speed is produced by using the organic polymer compound as a luminescent material.The luminescent compound for an electroluminescence display device (ELD) is used as an electroluminescent material of a light emitting diode (LED) and an ELD in a flat panel display and applied to organic material devices field because of low driving voltage, various colors, rapid responsive speed and film processibility.

Abstract: A composition of matter comprising a polyamic acid/ester having an amide pendant group directly substituting an acid site of the polyamic acid is provided, which composition when cured provides a colored polymer film when the amide group is a chromophore. The resulting polymer which may be applied as a film to semiconductor chips to provide an optically sensitive semiconductor chip comprises a partially imidized polyamic acid wherein an amide pendant group is directly attached to one acid moiety of the polyamic acid and the other acid group imidized with the adjacent amino group of the polyamic acid. The polymers are useful as optical filters on semiconductor chips and for photoresist applications.

Abstract: A novel amino resin composition produced by reacting one of or a mixture of more than two triazine derivatives of Formula I: ##STR1## wherein, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 each represent an independent substituent, and one to five substituents thereof represent a C.sub.1 -.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-20 alkenyl group (the alkyl group or alkenyl group may optionally have an alicyclic structure of phenyl group), or a phenyl group, and the remaining substituent or substituents represent a hydrogen atom with formaldehyde; a novel amino composition produced by reacting a mixture of one of or a mixture of more than two of said triazine derivatives and melamine or urea with formaldehyde; and an amino composition comprising a novel amino composition produced by reacting a mixture of one of or a mixture of more than two triazine derivatives with formaldehyde and a melamine-formaldehyde resin and a melamine/urea-formaldehyde resin or a urea-formaldehyde resin.

Abstract: The improved water-soluble photosensitive resin composition comprises a high-polymer compound represented by the general formula (I): ##STR1## (where X is Na, K or NH.sub.4) and a water-soluble polymer which is either polyvinylpyrrolidone or a copolymer of vinylpyrrolidone and vinylimidazole or both. The composition is applied to a substrate, exposed through a mask pattern and developed to form a photocured pattern and, thereafter, a light absorber is applied to the entire surface of the substrate and dried, followed by stripping away the photocured pattern and the overlying light absorber to form a black matrix pattern. The composition is suitable for use as a photoresist in the manufacture of black matrices as on color CRTs and capable of efficient formation of photocured patterns with high sensitivity by shorter times and lower intensities of exposure.

Abstract: A class of rigid rod and latter polymers having light emitting capability is provided. Included in this class of polymers are those having novel repeating structural units. These rigid rod and ladder polymers are employed in light emitting diodes.

Abstract: Aqueous alkyldiketene dispersions which contain a C.sub.14 -C.sub.22 -alkyldiketene and from 1 to 10% by weight of a polymeric protective colloid contain, as the protective colloid(a) copolymers of(1) N-vinylpyrrolidone and(2) at least one quaternized N-vinylimidazole or a substituted quaternized N-vinylimidazoleas polymerized units in a molar ratio of from 80:20 to 5:95 and have a K value of at least 20 (according to H. Fikentscher in 0.5 M aqueous sodium chloride solution at a polymer concentration of 0.1% by weight and at 25.degree. C.) or(b) condensates which are obtainable by(1) partial amidation of polyethyleneimines with monocarboxylic acids and, if required(2) condensation of the partially amidated polyethyleneimines with at least bifunctional crosslinking agents which have a halohydrin, glycidyl, aziridine or isocyanate unit or a halogen atom as a functional groupto give crosslinked, amidated polyethyleneimines which have a viscosity of at least 100 mPa.

Abstract: Methods of removing a pigment stain from a substrate comprise cleaning the substrate with a detergent composition comprising polyamine N-oxide polymer formed of units having structural formula (I) ##STR1## wherein P is a polymerizable unit, the N--O group may be attached to or form part of P, A is ##STR2## --O--, --S--, or --N--; --x-- is 0 or 1; and R is an aliphatic, ethoxylated aliphatic, aromatic, heterocyclic or alicyclic group and the nitrogen of the N--O group may be attached to or from part of R.

Abstract: An improved polybenzimidazole wherein the total concentration of metals other than alkali metal and alkaline earth metals is 10 ppm or less. The resulting polybenzimidazole is industrially useable in parts or components of apparatus for the manufacture of semiconductors and display devices.

Abstract: Degradable polyesteramide suitable for use in biomedical applications is obtained by reacting diamino alkyl ester with alpha hydroxy acid to form diamide-diol which is reacted with acyl halide or dicarboxylic acid to yield polyesteramide.

Abstract: The invention is relative to weather-resistant polyamides and to methods of their production in which the polymerization or polycondensation of the polyamide-forming monomers (I) is carried out in the presence of 0.02 to 0.7% by weight 4-amino-2,2,6,6-tetraalkylpiperdine (II), 0 to 0.5% by weight of an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic diamine (III) carrying a primary and a tertiary amino group and 0.02 to 0.7% by weight of a 2,6-dialkylphenol (IV) functionalized in 4-position to the OH group and with the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are the same or different alkyl groups with 1 to 6 C atoms, R.sup.3 is either a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, functional group A represents either a free carboxyl group or a carboxyl group esterified with C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: Polyesteramides having amino acid-derived groups alternating with hydroxy acid-derived groups are useful in making shaped articles, particularly, shaped articles suitable for use as surgical devices.

Abstract: A resin composition, for use as a die attach adhesive, heat sink attach adhesive, encapsulant or underfill, comprises a resin system, including a mixture of an epoxy resin and a cyanate ester resin, and a polyamide catalyst. The composition is curable in one minute at 200.degree. C. and has a pot life of at least 18 hours at room temperature. The resin composition is flexible, develops high adhesion, high moisture resistance, low weight loss during curing and requires no solvents.

Abstract: A polyesteramide suitable for use in the fabrication of absorbable surgical devices such as monofilament and multifilament sutures, films, sheets, plates, clips, staples, pins, screws, and the like, is obtained by reacting a monoalkanolamine such as ethanolamine with a diacid halide such as succinic acidchloride to provide a diamidediol and thereafter reacting the diamidediol with the same or different diacid halide under polymerization conditions to form the polyesteramide.

Abstract: Cyclic monomers prepared by novel methods are useful in making polyesteramides which can be made into shaped articles, particularly, shaped articles suitable for use as surgical devices.

Abstract: Improved process for producing a polybenzimidazole compound in solution by dissolving a fully dried polybenzimidazole of the following general formula (1) or (2) in N,N-dimethylacetamide of a sufficiently reduced water content at an elevated temperature of 260.degree. C. or higher in an inert gas atmosphere and a solution of the polybenzimidazole compound produced by the process. The solution remains useful for an extended time without using metal salts or any other stabilizers: ##STR1## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.5 are tetra-, di- and trivalent aromatic groups, respectively; R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.6 are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or an aryl group; n is an integer of 2 or more.

Abstract: In a method of synthesis of polybenzoxazole and polybenzothiazole precursors, a dicarboxylic acid or a dicarboxylaic acid ester is reacted with a bis-o-aminophenol or bis-o-aminothiophenol in a suitable solvent in the presence of an activating reagent having the following structure: ##STR1##

Abstract: A charge transport polymer including repeat units selected from mers of the formulas ##STR1## and copolymers, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A polymer characterised by the presence of ylid linkages in the main polymer chain of formula (A) where the dashed line represents the remainder of a ring system for which the N+ provides a heteroatom, and E is a strongly electron withdrawing group. Preferred polymers in accordance with the invention are characterised by the presence of linkages in the polymer main chain of formula (I). The polymers of the invention may be fabricated as membranes for use in various separation processes, e.g. ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, and reverse osmosis.

Abstract: The invention provides copolymers having magnetic properties, said copolymers containing aminoaromatic groups, and being based on a structural unit comprising:a first group of aminoaromatic compounds chosen from aniline derivatives and the corresponding iminoquinone forms; anda second group of substituted aminoaromatic compounds chosen from substituted amino compounds containing at least two condensed benzene rings, substituted polycyclic compounds containing at least one aniline structural unit in their structure, compounds derived from aniline and carrying a substituent bonded to the ring by means of an ethynylidene or paraphenylene link, and the corresponding iminoquinone compounds.

Abstract: Optically active ladder polymers that are chiral and have an unbroken network of conjugated double bonds along a helical path are synthesized.

Abstract: At least bis-imido 1,3,5-triazines and processes of preparing the same are disclosed. Also disclosed are prepolymers having at least bis-imido functionality and curable compositions comprising at least bis-imido 1,3,5-triazines or prepolymers thereof in combination with active hydrogen and/or epoxy functional materials. The at least bis-imido 1,3,5-triazines and prepolymers may be advantageously employed as crosslinking agents which crosslink by a ring opening reaction that eliminates the release of volatile organic compounds.

Abstract: The invention provides a polymer composed of vinyl monomers bearing imidazole, hydroxyl and carboxyl groups arranged in proximity to each other, that exhibits hydrolytic activity similar to serine proteases, and a process for its preparation. The polymer is useful for the hydrolysis of esters and amides to the corresponding alcohols and amines.

Abstract: Monoallyloxyimides, diallyloxyimides and polyallyloxyimides of general Formula I. ##STR1## wherein: X is an integer from 1 to 4 inclusive;R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 are independently selected from the group comprising hydrogen, alkyl, arylalkyl or halogen; andA is all or part of an aromatic, alicyclic or mixed aromatic/alicyclic ring system optionally substituted with one or more alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, aryl, heteroaryl, aryloxy, carboxy, alkylamino, dialkylamino, amino, nitro, cyano, halo or haloalkyl groups.This new class of reactive monomer can be used as co-reactants in themosetting matrix resins. The reactive monomers, either alone or with other comonomers, can give rise to cured resin matrix materials with high thermal stability. Mixed with suitable bismaleimide monomers, they can be cured into useful composites having substantially improved thermal stabilities.

Abstract: Epoxide-amine dendrimers synthesized by a repetitive and step-wise addition reaction of epoxides comprising functional moieties which are available for conversion into amino groups followed by a reaction of these groups to primary amino moieties. The amino terminated dendrimers are reacted with (2,3-epoxypropoxy) methacrylate, a monoepoxide and/or a monoisocyante. The methacrylate terminated dendrimers are polymerizable using redox initiators and/or photoinitiators. The resulting dendrimers show a very low volume shrinkage from that of the starting materials, on the order of less than about 5 percent by volume.

Abstract: Branched polyamides are prepared by mixingA) from 10 to 99.7% by weight of a melt of a polyamide prepolymer having a viscosity number of from 40 to 90 ml/g withB) from 0.3 to 6% by weight of a polybasic carboxylic acid, where the number n of the free carboxylic acid groups is 3.ltoreq.n.ltoreq.10, and alsoC) from 0 to 80% by weight of further additives and processing aids,where the percentages by weight of the components A) to C) add up to 100%, and subsequently further condensing the mixture in the solid phase.

Abstract: Modified polyaspartic acids useful as detergent and cleaner additives, as water treatment agents and as scale inhibitors in the evaporation of sugar juice are obtainable by polycondensation of(a) from 1 to 99.9 mol % of aspartic acid with(b) from 99 to 0.1 mol % of fatty acids, polybasic carboxylic acids, anhydrides of polybasic carboxylic acids, polybasic hydroxycarboxylic acids, monobasic polyhydroxycarboxylic acids, alcohols, amines, alkoxylated alcohols and amines, amino sugars, carbohydrates, sugarcarboxylic acids and/or non-proteinogenic aminocarboxylic acidsor by polymerizing monoethylenically unsaturated monomers in the presence of polyaspartic acids in the manner of a free-radically initiated graft polymerization.

Abstract: Disclosed are cosmetic melanins of different colors produced by procedures involving oxidative polymerization of monomeric precursors of melanin and/or co-monomers that enhance substantivity or adherence of the melanins to the skin and hair. Also disclosed are methods for preparing cosmetic melanins and methods for using these compositions topically to produce a natural-appearing tan and to prevent damage to skin caused by UV exposure.

Abstract: Novel 5,6-dihydroxyindole polymers, which are soluble in an aqueous or aqueous-alcoholic medium and a process for the preparation of these polymers and to compositions containing these polymers, especially cosmetic compositions.

Abstract: Polysuccinimide, polyaspartic acid and salts of polyaspartic acid may be prepared by means of heating aspartic acid in the presence of sodium bisulfate. The molecular weight of the polymers may be increased from that obtained without the use of sodium bisulfate. The polysuccinimide, polyaspartic acid or salt of polyaspartic acid obtained have low color. Polyaspartic acid may be obtained in this manner directly from the effluent of an immobilized cell or enzyme column which catalyzes the production of L-aspartic acid without the necessity of intermediate isolation steps.