Abstract: A new class of polymers include repeating units comprising one or more arylene units substituted with heterocyclic side groups. The heterocyclic substituted arylene repeat units have the general structural formula: ##STR1## wherein Het is a heterocyclic group, R is an optional substituent, x is 1 or 2, and y is less than or equal to 4-x.

Abstract: A polymer containing triazine rings that has a molecular weight of 5,000-1,000,000 and that comprises a recurring unit represented by the general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 are each independently S, NR.sup.1 (R is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or an aryl group) or O; Y may be an alkylene group, a divalent substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring group that do not contain chromophore moieties or a group in which said aromatic ring groups are bonded or condensed together; Z is either a spacer group comprising a group represented by --G--(CH.sub.2).sub.n -- (n is an integer of 1-10) or a direct bond (G is S, NR.sup.4 or O, and R.sup.4 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or an aryl group); and A is an organic chromophore moiety in which an electron donative group and an electron attractive group are conjugated via a .pi.-electron system. The polymer is lightproof, forms a thin film of high quality and has a high glass transition point.

Abstract: A re-moldable cross-linked resin comprising polymer chains which are connected to one another via Diels-Alder adducts obtainable from a dienophile and a diene, the latter being a 2,5-dialkyl substituted furan.

Abstract: A process for polymerizing oxiranes, oxetanes, oxepanes, dioxolanes, trioxanes, and tetrahydrofurans to their respective polymers by contacting them with a selected metal compound is disclosed; and also a process for depolymerizing polytetrahydrofurans to monomeric tetrahydrofurans by contacting the polymer with a selected metal compound at a temperature of about 100.degree. C. to about 250.degree. C. The catalysts may be in solution of part of a heterogeneous solid, and selected organic compounds are used as accelerators in the polymerizations. The polymeric products, some of which are novel, may be used as polyether monomers for further polymerization, as by reaction with isocyanates to produce polyurethanes, and other useful polymers. Some of the polymeric products are relatively high in molecular weight and are suitable for direct use, for instance as spandex fibers.

Abstract: Disclosed is a curable composition comprising (A) an imidazole derivative represented by the following general formula (1), which is capable of generating free imidazole by exposure to light, and (B) a polyfunctional epoxy compound: ##STR1## wherein R represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group, a nitro group, a cyano group, an alkoxyl group, a phenoxy group, or an aromatic ring residue capable of forming a condensed ring in combination with a benzene ring. The composition may further incorporate therein at least one compound selected from the group consisting of polyfunctional phenol compounds, polyfunctional carboxylic acids, acid anhydrides, and amine compounds.

Abstract: A nonlinear optical material composed of a polyimide obtained from a diamine and/or a diacid anhydride or dithioacid anhydride substituted by a portion having a nonlinear optical effect or of molecules having a benzocyclobutene structure substituted at the portions having an nonlinear linear optical effect.

Abstract: Polysuccinimide, polyaspartic acid and salts of polyaspartic acid may be prepared by means of heating aspartic acid in the presence of sodium bisulfate. The molecular weight of the polymers may be increased from that obtained without the use of sodium bisulfate. The polysuccinimide, polyaspartic acid or salt of polyaspartic acid obtained have low color. Polyaspartic acid may be obtained in this manner directly from the effluent of an immobilized cell or enzyme column which catalyzes the production of L-aspartic acid without the necessity of intermediate isolation steps.

Abstract: Described herein is a composition comprising an epoxy resin containing at least one glycidyl amine group wherein the resin contains three or more epoxide groups per molecule and a particular aromatic amine hardener. These compositions possess the necessary balance of properties required for making prepreg and afford unreinforced castings with high moduli and strength.

Abstract: A class of rigid rod and latter polymers having light emitting capability is provided. Included in this class of polymers are those having novel repeating structural units. These rigid rod and ladder polymers are employed in light emitting diodes.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an exciplex formed from a .pi.-conjugated polymer and an electron donor or acceptor component. The present invention also relates to assemblies comprising said exciplex, their use in optoelectrical devices and method of enhancing optoelectrical properties of .pi.-conjugated polymers by forming said exciplex.

Abstract: A nonlinear optical polymer material comprising at least one polymer selected from the group consiting of polyimides, acrylic resins and benzocyclobutene resins containing, as a guest molecule, as a side chain, or in the main chain, a molecule or a chemical moiety having a basic structure of merocyanine dye represented by the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, and R.sup.5 independently represent hydrogen or an organic group, provided that R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 or R.sup.3 and R.sup.5 may independently combine together to form an organo ring structure, and n is an integer of 1 to 3.

Abstract: Curable mixtures comprising(a) an epoxy compound having on average more than one epoxy group per molecule,(b) a metal complex salt of formula IM(L).sub.a X'.sub.b X".sub.c .cndot.dY (I),whereinM is a cation of a transition metal,L is a Lewis base,a is a number from 2 to 6,X' is an anion of an acid radical,X" is an cation of an acid radical differing from X'b is 0 or a number which, together with the number c, which is greater than 0, corresponds to the valency of the cation of the transition metal,Y is a solvent molecule, andd is 0 or a number from 0 to 5, and,as optional component(c) a hardener for epoxy resins,are distinguished by good solubility of the metal salt in the epoxy resin and achieve uniform crosslinking during the curing of the epoxy resin.

Abstract: A molecular composite material includes a liquid crystal polymer such as polyazomethine, a thermoplastic polymer such as a polyamide and a compatibilizing agent such as .epsilon.-caprolactam having at least one functional group showing compatibility and/or reactivity to the liquid crystal polymer and/or the thermoplastic polymer.

Abstract: Described is a method for preparing a polybenzazole filament which comprises extruding a polybenzazole dope filament, drawing the filament across an air gap, coagulating and washing the filament, and drying the filament, characterized in that a solution of a compound selected from the group consisting of ferrocenes, ruthocene, iodide-, cobalt-, and copper-containing compounds, dyes, and mixtures thereof is contacted with a filament subsequent to the washing step and prior to the drying step. This method provides a means to improve the tensile strength retention of damaged polybenzazole filaments following exposure to sunlight.

Abstract: A crosslinkable polymer having repeating units of the formula: ##STR1## wherein Ar is selected from the group consisting of ##STR2## These polymers are useful in the preparation of molecular composites with rigid-rod polymers, including para-oriented benzobisazole polymers, such as benzobisthiazole, benzobisoxazole and benzobisimidazole polymers.

Abstract: N-Alkyl-N'-aryl-p-phenylenediamines, when added at 2.5 to 12.5% by weight, based on the total weight of the epoxy resin and hardener, cause the epoxy resin after curing to exhibit substantial increases in physical properties, such as strength, stiffness, toughness and hot/wet properties, compared to the properties of the cured, but unmodified epoxy resin.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an acid catalyzed thermal polycondensation process for producing amino acid polymers. More specifically, amino acid polymers are produced by thermally condensing a mixture of one or more amino acids and optionally one or more polyfunctional monomers, using an acid catalyst, while maintaining an intimate admixture. Processing techniques useful for maintaining an intimate admixture include adding to the mixture one or more processing aids, using mechanical means, and combinations thereof. The amino acid polymers produced by this process are useful as cleaning and detergent additives; fertilizer and pesticide additives; personal care product additives; dispersants for inorganic particulates, aqueous emulsions, and drilling muds; and water treatment and oil production operation additives as corrosion and scale inhibitors.

Abstract: The present invention discloses oriented optical epoxy compositions comprising a reaction product of arylhydrazones with a monomer copolymerizable therewith and to oriented crosslinked polymeric composition comprising the reaction product of an epoxy arylhydrazone or the epoxy composition of the invention with a curing agent. The present invention also discloses processes for making the said compositions.

Abstract: An acid anhydride-containing one package epoxy resin composition consisting indispensably of (1) an epoxy resin having two or more epoxy groups in one molecule, (2) an acid anhydride, (3) at least one of (a) a liquid latent curing accelerator, (b) a latent curing accelerator soluble in an epoxy resin having two or more epoxy groups in one molecule and (c) a latent curing accelerator soluble in an acid anhydride, and (4) a dispersible latent curing accelerator, wherein the ratio of (1) to (2) is from 0.8 to 1.2, defined as the number of acid anhydride equivalents/the number of epoxy equivalents, and the amounts of (3) and (4) each are from 0.1 to 10 parts by weight to 100 parts by weight of the epoxy resin. The composition has excellent infiltrability, storage stability and reactivity.

Abstract: A composition comprising a) at least one polyheteroaromatic compound or one polyaniline in oxidized, polycationic form, and b) at least one polyanion of a film-forming thermoplastic polymer having sulfonate-alkylated alcohol groups ##STR1## in structural repeating units, wherein the group --(C.sub.n H.sub.2n)-- is linear or branched C.sub.2 -C.sub.12 -alkylene that has from 2 to 5 carbon atoms in the carbon chain and is unsubstituted or substituted by C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy. The composition is electrically conductive and can be processed thermoplastically. It can be used in the production of moulded articles or in the form of powders as a filler for plastics.

Abstract: Poly(arylene ether)ketones, polyamides, and poly(benzoxazoles) that contain thiophene rings within the aromatic polymer backbone are disclosed, along with fibers, films, and other articles of manufacture formed therefrom.

Abstract: Bis-N-aminoimides of formula (III): ##STR1## wherein m is 0 or 1 and ##STR2## is a mono- or polycyclic aromatic radical, can be employed to produce a variety of polymers of the type produced from diamines, including polyimides having an N--N linkage; polymers can be produced having exceptionally high glass transition temperatures, but which are also soluble in organic solvents; colored polymers and electroconductive polymers and photoconductive polymers can also be produced.

Abstract: Cross-linked epoxy resins having nonlinear optical properties may be used in nonlinear optical media. These cross-linked epoxy resins may have the following structure: ##STR1## Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 being NLO-chromophores.

Abstract: Novel poly(N-arylenebenzimidazole)s (PNABIs) are prepared by the aromatic nucleophilic displacement reaction of novel di(hydroxyphenyl-N-arylene benzimidazole) monomers with activated aromatic dihalides or activated aromatic dinitro compounds. The polymerizations are carried out in polar aprotic solvents such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone or N,N-dimethylacetamide using alkali metal bases such as potassium carbonate at elevated temperatures under nitrogen. The di(hydroxyphenyl-N-arylenebenzimidazole) monomers are synthesized by reacting phenyl-4-hydroxybenzoate with bis(2-aminoanilino)arylenes in diphenylsulfone. Moderate molecular weight PNABIs of new chemical structures were prepared that exhibit a favorable combination of physical and mechanical properties. The use of the novel di(hydroxyphenyl-N-arylenebenzimidazole)s permits a more economical and easier way to prepare PNABIs than previous routes.

Abstract: A biodegradable copolymer having the constituent units represented by the structures (I) and (II): ##STR1## wherein X represents a hydrogen atom, an acyl group having the formula RCO-- where R is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having to 20 carbon atoms, and Y represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and m and n are independently integers of 1 or more, m+n is at least 10, and m/(m+n) is at least 0.01 and a pharmaceutical composition containing the same.

Abstract: Epoxy resins containing more than one vicinal epoxide group per molecule and at least one thiadiazole, oxadiazole or both thiadiazole and oxadiazole moiety per molecule are disclosed, as well as curable and cured compositions thereof. Certain of these epoxy resins possess enantiotropic liquid crystallinity. These enantiotropic epoxy resins are useful in preparing copolymers with high glass transition temperatures and liquid crystalline morphology, which can result in enhanced unidirectional mechanical properties. These epoxy resins are useful in coating, casting, encapsulation, electronic or structural laminate or composite, filament winding or molding applications.

Abstract: Epoxy interpenetrating polymer networks having chemical bonds between the interpenetrating networks are prepared from a first and a second polymer network, at least one of which contains an EPRXE resin; a resin having two epoxide functionalities represented by E and a reactive pendant nonepoxide functionality X. The two resin networks are sequentially crosslinked followed by activation of the pendant functionality of the EPRXE resin to form internetwork chemical bonds between the two resin networks affording an epoxy resin with both increased strength and toughness. The invention is also directed to the process of making interpenetrating polymer networks.

Abstract: Star-shaped nylons with low melt viscosities and excellent mechanical properties, methods for their preparation, a novel tetrasubstituted carboxylic acid for use as a polymerization core therefor and methods for its preparation are provided.A star-shaped nylon has polymer chains emanating from 3 or more polymerization initiation groups which are substituents bonded to every other or more separated carbon atoms on an aromatic ring of an aromatic compound. The star-shaped nylon is produced by homogeneously mixing the aromatic compound with molten nylon monomer and polymerizing the nylon monomer with the respective polymerization initiation groups as the starting points. A novel tetrasubstituted carboxylic acid having a structure of 3,5,3',5'-biphenyltetracarboxylic acid is useful as a polymerization core for star-shaped nylons.

Abstract: Novel cyclic imino ether compositions containing one or more mesogenic moieties, when polymerized, result in products having improved properties.

Abstract: Water-soluble azlactone activated polyalkylene oxides having improved hydrolytic stability and conjugates of the azlactone activated polyalkylene oxides with biologically active nucleophiles are disclosed. Methods of forming and conjugating the activated polyalkylene oxides with biologically active nucleophiles are also disclosed.

Abstract: This invention concerns new molecules with active, non-linear optical properties and which can be thermally reticulated (more precisely, these molecules include terminal functions which can be reticulated, attached to either side of the groups active in non-linear optics, which can be oriented under an electrical field). When reticulated and oriented under an electrical field, these materials are particularly stable and can be employed for industrial applications, using non-linear optics (electrooptical modulators, frequency doublers, etc.).

Abstract: Epoxy resins containing more than one vicinal epoxide group per molecule and at least one thiadiazole, oxadiazole or both thiadiazole and oxadiazole moiety per molecule are disclosed, as well as curable and cured compositions thereof. Certain of these epoxy resins possess enantiotropic liquid crystallinity. These enantiotropic epoxy resins are useful in preparing copolymers with high glass transition temperatures and liquid crystalline morphology, which can result in enhanced unidirectional mechanical properties. These epoxy resins are useful in coating, casting, encapsulation, electronic or structural laminate or composite, filament winding or molding applications.

Abstract: The present invention relates to nonlinear optical materials comprising aminoaryl hydrazones and to nonlinear optical polymeric compositions containing recurring covalently bonded moieties derived from the aminoaryl hydrazones of the invention. The polymeric compositions of the present invention have high glass transition temperatures and exhibit stable nonlinear optical activity at high temperatures over a period of time.

Abstract: Novel cyclic imino ether compositions containing one or more mesogenic moieties, when polymerized, result in products having improved properties.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an epoxy-containing polymeric material having nonlinear optical properties, particularly a glycidyl amine polymer, and a process for making the nonlinear optical (NLO) epoxy-containing polymeric material including poling the polymeric material under high voltage at elevated temperature for a period of time to bring about orientation of the nonlinear optical functionalities in the polymer. The polymers have enhanced thermal stability and good NLO properties.

Abstract: Polymer with a number average molecular weight of 400 to 20,000 having amino-substituted groups in its molecule and resulting from the reaction of at least one compound having a secondary amine function with 1 to 60 carbon atoms on an unsaturated polyester resulting from the condensation of an unsaturated, aliphatic dicarboxylic compound having at least one alpha ethylene unsaturation of one of the carboxylic groups on at least one epoxidized compound having 2 to 62 carbon atoms chosen from among epoxyalkenes, ethers, epoxyalcohol esters and epoxyacid esters. Middle distillate composition having a distillation range of 150.degree. to 450.degree. C. and incorporating a minor proportion, preferably 0.001 to 2% by weight, of at least one of the aforementioned polymers.

Abstract: A diamine or bismaleimide of the general formula I ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 denote an H atom or together denote the group --OC--CH.dbd.CH--CO--, Y.sub.1 and Y.sub.2 independently of one another denote O or S and Het denotes a thiazole, a thiadiazole or a 1-methyltriazole ring. The diamines and bismaleimides are used for the preparation of polyimides which are if appropriate reinforced with fibers and if appropriate incompletely hardened.

Abstract: An N-substituted polyamide-imide essentially composed of identical or different repeating units of the formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is one of the following tetravalent aromatic radicals ##STR2## and X is a bond or one of the following linkers ##STR3## where R.sup.2 and R.sup.4 are each, independently of one another, one of the following divalent aromatic radicals ##STR4## and where X has the abovementioned meanings and where R.sup.3 is hydrogen or a monovalent radical such as C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl or phenyl, and the C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl-, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkoxy-, aryl- or halogen-substituted derivatives thereof, and precursors (monomers) therefor, are described.

Abstract: A multiply-branched aliphatic-aromatic polyester and a method for producing that polymer. The method comprises condensing a branching reactant represented by the general formula ##STR1## Each j is 1 or 2, each Ar is independently selected from the group consisting of aromatic and heteroaromatic moieties having a total of ring carbons and heteroatoms of from 5 to about 20, each R.sup.1 is a linking group independently selected from alkyl having from 1 to about 6 carbons, fluoroalkyl having from 1 to about 6 carbons, --O--, --S--, --C.tbd.C--, and ##STR2## Z.sup.1 is selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl and --OSi(CH.sub.3).sub.3, and each Z.sup.2 is independently selected from groups having the structural formula ##STR3## wherein each R.sup.2 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, chloro, bromo, monovalent alkoxide having from 1 to about 6 carbons, and --O--(CH.sub.2).sub.g --OH, wherein g is an integer from 1 to 3, or Z.sup.

Abstract: A multiply-branched aliphatic-aromatic polyester and a method for producing that polymer. The method comprises condensing Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 groups of a branching reactant having the general formula Z.sup.1 --Ar--(Z.sup.2)j. In this formula, j is 2 or 3 and Ar is an aryl or heteroaryl group having from 1 to 3, solitary or linked or fused, substituted or unsubstituted, five or six membered rings. One of Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 is a group having the ##STR1## general formula in which R.sup.1 is selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, chloro, bromo, monovalent alkoxide having from 1 to about 6 carbons, and --O--(CH.sub.2).sub.d --OH, wherein d is an integer from 1 to 3; and the other is a group having the general formula ##STR2## in which R.sup.2 is a divalent alkyl group having from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, and g is an integer from 0 to about 100.

Abstract: The invention is a process for making novel branched polybenzazole polymers and the polymers formed thereby. Novel compounds are also disclosed that are useful as branching agents in making the branched polybenzazole polymers. The branched polymers synthesized by the process can be formed into strong, light articles such as fibers and films.

Abstract: A multiply-branched cycloalkyl polyester and a method for producing that polymer. The method comprises condensing Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 groups of a branching reactant having the general formula (Z.sup.1)j-CYCLO-(Z.sup.2)k, in which j is 1 or 2, k is 1 or 2, j+k is 3, 4, or 5. CYCLO is selected from the group consisting of non-aromatic ring systems having from 1 to 8, solitary or fused or linked alkyl or heteroalkyl rings. One of Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 is a group having the general formula ##STR1## and the other is --OH, --OSi(CH.sub.3).sub.3, or a group having the general formula ##STR2## R.sup.1 is selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, chloro, bromo, monovalent alkoxide having from 1 to about 6 carbons, and --O-- (CH.sub.2).sub.d --OH, wherein d is an integer from 1 to 3. R.sup.2 is a divalent alkyl group having from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, and g is an integer from 0 to about 100. If CYCLO is a solitary ring then j+k is 3, 4, or 5. If Z.sup.1 is bonded to a linear aliphatic linking group then Z.sup.

Abstract: Processible chromophoric polymers having nonlinear optical properties and wherein the chromophore is present in and is a part of the polymer backbone, including substantially all of the monomer or repeat units, with the dipole moments pointing in the same direction (head-to-tail) along the polymer backbone. Such polymers include phenylene, phenylene vinylene, stilbenylene, phenyl piperdine, and coumarin polymers.

Abstract: Certain substituted benzidines enable the preparation of linear chain, high molecular weight polyimides based on benzidine.

Abstract: An improved method for producing multiply-branched polyester comprising condensing a reactant having the general formula Z.sup.1 --Ar--(Z.sup.2).sub.j, wherein j is 2 or 3, Ar is an aryl or heteroaryl group having from 1 to 3, solitary or linked or fused, five or six membered rings, and one of Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 is a carboxyl group and the other is a group having the general formula ##STR1## wherein R is an alkyl group having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, X is selected from the group consisting of fluoro and chloro and g is an integer from 0 to about 7.

Abstract: In one embodiment this invention provides polymalonamide polymers with side chains which exhibit nonlinear optical response.

Abstract: It is advantageous to prepare oligomers of polybenzazole polymers by reaction of AA-PBZ monomer with an excess of BB-PBZ monomer. The resulting oligomer dopes may be stored at a temperature at which they remain pumpable until such time as the dope can be advanced to higher molecular weight by adding additional AA-PBZ monomer. The molecular weight of the polymer may be adjusted by controlling the amount of chain extender and/or chain terminator added to oligomer mixtures as they are advanced to final molecular weight.

Abstract: Azole rings, such as oxazole and thiazole rings, can activate an aromatic ring bonded to a leaving group such as a halogen atom so that the aromatic ring will undergo aromatic nucleophilic substitution. The reaction is useful for making ethers, thioethers and amines containing azole rings. In particular, monomers having azole rings, activated aromatic rings with leaving groups and nucleophilic moieties can react under conditions of aromatic nucleophilic displacement to form non-rigid rob PBZ polymers. The non-rigid rod PBZ polymers can be used to form molecular composites with rigid rod PBZ polymers which molecular composites are not substantially phase separated.

Abstract: Fatty acid terminated polyanhydrides suitable for use as controlled release matrices in biodegradable sustained release drug delivery systems and methods for making thereof are described. The polymers are more soluble in organic solvents, and have a lower melting point than the corresponding non-fatty acid terminated polyanhydrides. The fatty acid terminated polyanhydrides are also more hydrophobic than the corresponding polyanhydrides that are not terminated with a fatty acid, and combine the properties of thermodynamic and hydrolytic stability, and easy storage. The polymers can be produced with a controlled and low molecular weight. The polyanhydrides are useful in a number of applications, including as a matrix in biodegradable drug delivery systems.

Abstract: This invention relates to amorphous, flexible elastomeric polyamides based on dimer fatty acids and special disecondary diamines which have a glass transition temperature below 10.degree. C., to the production of these elastomeric polyamides and to their use as rubbers, plasticizers and, in particular, high-impact modifiers for thermoplastics or as flexible segments for the synthesis of thermoplastic elastomers and as additives for other purposes.