Abstract: Provided herein are organic solvent-based processes for the removal of rubber from non-Hevea plants such as guayule shrubs. By the use of the processes, solid purified rubber can be obtained that contains 0.05-0.5 weight % dirt, 0.2-1.5 weight % ash, and 0.1-4 weight % resin (when it has been dried so as to contain 0.8 weight % volatile matter).

Abstract: Provided herein are organic solvent-based processes for the removal of rubber from non-Hevea plants such as guayule shrubs. By the use of the processes, solid purified rubber can be obtained that contains 0.05-0.5 weight % dirt, 0.2-1.5 weight % ash, and 0.1-4 weight % resin (when it has been dried so as to contain 0.8 weight % volatile matter).

Abstract: Provided herein is a fractionator and related process for separating solubilized rubber from a co-solvent based miscella.

Abstract: Provided herein are organic solvent-based processes for the removal of rubber from non-Hevea plants such as guayule shrubs. By the use of the processes, solid purified rubber can be obtained that contains 0.05-0.5 weight % dirt, 0.2-1.5 weight % ash, and 0.1-4 weight % resin (when it has been dried so as to contain 0.8 weight % volatile matter).

Abstract: Provided herein is a fractionator and related process for separating solubilized rubber from a co-solvent based miscella.

Abstract: A process for trichome separation from plant matter deploys water slurry agitation and/or dry sieving to produce a mixture of solid trichomes and similar sized plant debris. The plant debris in each separate fraction is then removed by gravity filtration in a dense inert liquid, which is preferably a salt or brine solution. The desirable trichomes or trichome glands float on the dense liquid, while the undesirable vegetative matter sinks to the bottom of the brine containing vessel. The trichomes are readily removed and washed before further processing.

Abstract: There is described a new disordered nanoporous crystalline form of syndiotactic polystyrene, characterized by a specific X-ray diffractrogram, the process for its preparation and various articles comprising this form of s-PS. This disordered nanoporous crystalline form exhibits empty crystalline cavities of nanometric sizes, and in this case performs the function of absorbing molecules with low molecular mass and is useful in particular as functionally active packaging for plant products.

Abstract: A process for purifying a polyol (per)fluoropolyether derivative [polyol (P)] from a mixture of hydroxyl (per)fluoropolyether derivatives [mixture (M)]. Such polyol (P) comprising one or more hydroxyl (per)fluoropolyether derivatives [PFPE (OH)] comprising at least one (per)fluoropolyoxyalkylene chain (chain Rf) and at least one end-group having formula (t3) —CF2CH2OCH2CH(OH)CH2OCH2CH(OH)CH2OH. Such mixture (M) comprising the polyol (P) and at least one PFPE (OH) different from the polyol (P) and comprising at least one chain Rf and at least one end-group selected from end-groups having formula (t1) —CF2CH2OH and formula (t2) —CF2CH2OCH2CH(OH)CH2OH.

Abstract: Processes for recovering natural rubber from an aqueous natural rubber latex that contains extractables and one or more additives and that is essentially free of lignocellulosic plant material are described. Natural rubber in the latex is separated from the water. Preferably, the amount of non-rubber extractables in the natural rubber is reduced by one or more extraction steps yielding a dried natural rubber.

Abstract: A simple procedure is provided by which the hydroxyl termini of poly(ethylene oxide) can be appended with functional groups to a useful extent by reaction and precipitation. The polymer is dissolved in warmed toluene, treated with an excess of organic base and somewhat less of an excess of a reactive acylating reagent, reacted for several hours, then precipitated in isopropanol so that the product can be isolated as a solid, and salt byproducts are washed away. This procedure enables functionalization of the polymer while not requiring laborious purification steps such as solvent-solvent extraction or dialysis to remove undesirable side products.

Abstract: Ketal compounds of the structure I and a method of preparation of the compound from polyols and oxocarboxylates, as well as uses thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel porous film material which comprises at least one carbonaceous semimetal oxide phase, and to a process for production thereof. The invention also relates to the use of these porous film materials as a separator layer or for production of such separator layers in electrochemical cells, particularly in lithium cells and especially in lithium secondary cells.

Abstract: The invention relates to block polymers, for example, arborescent copolymer compounds, and to methods of making and purifying such compounds. In one embodiment, the invention relates to arborescent polymer compounds that contain one or more styrene polymeric blocks in combination with one or more isobutylene polymeric blocks. In another embodiment, the invention relates to methods for purifying arborescent polymer compounds that contain at least one styrene polymeric block in combination with at least one isobutylene polymeric block.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of solubilizing expanded polystyrene (EPS), in which the EPS is brought into contact with at least one initial solvent, enabling the transition of the EPS from an expanded solid state to the gel state. The aforementioned gel is subsequently treated with at least one complementary solvent that is different from the initial solvent, enabling the solubilization thereof such as to produce a true solution. The invention also relates to the product thus obtained and to the use of said product.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing mechanically stabilized polyazole polymers. The process includes the steps of: a) producing a film comprising polyazoles with at least one amino group in a repeat unit, b) treating the film from step a) with a solution comprising (i) at least one acid and (ii) at least one stabilizing reagent, and c) performing the stabilization reaction in the membrane obtained in step directly or in a subsequent membrane processing step by heating to a temperature greater than 60° C. The stabilizing reagent contains at least one compound which has at least one aldehyde group and at least one hydroxyl group; or at least one hemiacetal group; or at least one acetal group. These polyazole polymer membranes have a high conductivity and a good mechanical stability and are suitable for applications in fuel cells.

Abstract: Storage-stable glyoxalated polyacrylamide polymers and high solids aqueous compositions formulated with them are described. These glyoxalated polyacrylamide compositions can be used as additives for papermaking, providing paper with good dry and temporary wet strength, and increasing papermaking de-watering rates.

Abstract: Process for recycling a fiber reinforced polymer article, according to which the article, eventually cut in fragments, is dissolved in a solvent capable of dissolving the polymer but not the fibers and which is susceptible of forming an azeotrope with water, forming a solution; the fibers are recovered from the solution; the fibers are washed with solvent by putting them in the form of a slurry in the solvent and by agitating the slurry and/or by making the solvent circulate through it; the washed fibers are recovered from the slurry; and the recovered fibers are submitted to a stripping with steam in order to substantially remove the solvent.

Abstract: The invention relates to block polymers, for example, arborescent copolymer compounds, and to methods of making and purifying such compounds. In one embodiment, the invention relates to arborescent polymer compounds that contain one or more styrene polymeric blocks in combination with one or more isobutylene polymeric blocks. In another embodiment, the invention relates to methods for purifying arborescent polymer compounds that contain at least one styrene polymeric block in combination with at least one isobutylene polymeric block.

Abstract: A process for the purification of a tetraol PFPE derivative [tetraol (T)] of formula (I): HO—CH2—CH(OH)—CH2—O—CH2—CF2—O—Rf—CF2—CH2O—CH2—CH(OH)—CH2OH, wherein Rf represents a fluoropolyoxyalkene chain (chain Rf), from a mixture (M) of hydroxyl (per)fluoropolyether derivatives, said mixture comprising said tetraol (T) and at least one hydroxyl (per)fluoropolyether [PFPE (OH)] comprising a chain Rf terminated with at least one end group of formula: —CF2CH2OH; —CF2CH2O—CH(OH)—CH2—O—CH2—CH(OH)—CH2OH; said process comprising: step 1: reacting the mixture (M) with ketones and/or aldehydes so as to selectively protect couples of hydroxyl groups on vicinal carbon atoms by forming corresponding cyclic ketal/acetal derivatives, so as to yield a protected mixture (P); step 2: reacting residual hydroxyl groups of the mixture (P) with suitable functionalizing agents enabling substantial volatility modification, so as to obtain a functionalized protected mixture (Pf); step 3: fractional distillation of the mixture (Pf) so a

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of manufacturing a conductive coating film having superior chemical resistance or solvent resistance and durability by chemically bonding a resin having an amine group (—NH2) with carbon nanotubes having a carboxyl group (—COOH). The conductive material having high bondability with carbon nanotubes and superior electrical properties includes carbon nanotubes uniformly contained therein, and thus has appropriate surface resistivity, and thereby can be used for antistatic, electrostatic dissipation and electromagnetic shielding purposes and in transparent or opaque electrodes depending on the resistivity value.

Abstract: In a process for producing a poly(arylene sulfide) by polymerizing a sulfur source and a dihalo-aromatic compound in the presence of an alkali metal hydroxide in an organic amide solvent, the production process comprises washing a polymer obtained by the polymerization with a hydrophilic organic solvent containing water in a proportion of 1 to 30% by weight, thereby collecting a purified polymer, the content of nitrogen contained in an extract extracted by a mixed solvent containing 40% by weight of acetonitrile and 60% by weight of water from the purified polymer is at most 50 ppm on the basis of the weight of the polymer, and a poly(arylene sulfide), the content of nitrogen contained in an extract extracted by a mixed solvent containing 40% by weight of acetonitrile and 60% by weight of water from the purified polymer is at most 50 ppm on the basis of the weight of the polymer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for recycling plastic materials which contain at least two polymers, copolymers or blends thereof based on polystyrene. The plastic material is thereby mixed with a solvent for the polymers, copolymers or blends. Subsequently a precipitation is effected by addition of a corresponding precipitant so that then the gelatinous precipitation product can be separated from the further components of the plastic material. The method is used for recycling of any plastic materials, in particular of plastic materials from electronic scrap processing and from shredder light fractions.

Abstract: An organic-solvent dispersion containing fine polysilsesquioxane particles stably dispersed therein, which is obtained by adjusting the pH of an aqueous dispersion of fine polysilsesquioxane particles to 2 to 9, subsequently adding an organic solvent thereto, and then removing the water from the system; and an aqueous dispersion of fine polysilsesquioxane particles having an appropriate average particle diameter, which is obtained by adjusting the amount of a base catalyst to be used so as to be in a specific range. The process for producing an aqueous dispersion of fine polysilsesquioxane particles having a pH of 2 to 9 with an organic solvent.

Abstract: A poly(arylene sulfide) having properties that a melt viscosity is 1 to 3,000 Pa·s as measured under conditions of a temperature of 310° C. and a shear rate of 1,216 sec?1, a pH is 7.0 to 12.0 as measured in a mixed solvent of water/acetone (volume ratio=2/1), a crystallization temperature is at most 220° C. as measured in the course of lowing the temperature of the polymer at a rate of 10° C./min from a molten state, and a whiteness degree is at least 70 as measured in the form of a melt molded or formed product, and a production process thereof.

Abstract: A novel process is used to prepare synthetic rubbers (B) which feature very narrow molecular weight distribution and a correspondingly low value for the polydispersity index. The preparation process encompasses the treatment of a synthetic rubber with ultrasound, where the resultant synthetic rubber (B) has a lower weight-average molecular weight (Mw) than the synthetic rubber (A) used. The resultant synthetic rubbers (B) have excellent suitability for processing via extruder processes or injection-molding processes.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of manufacturing a stabilized polyacetal resin, comprising the step of applying a heat treatment to a polyacetal resin having an unstable terminal group in the presence of an unstable terminal group decomposer selected from the following Group I, Group II and Group III, thereby decreasing the unstable terminal group: unstable terminal group decomposer of Group I: (I) a quaternary ammonium salt of an acidic cyclic amide compound, unstable terminal group decomposer of Group II: (II) a quaternary ammonium salt of a polycarboxylic acid intramolecularly having four or more carboxyl groups and/or a quaternary ammonium salt of an aminocarboxylic acid intramolecularly having one or more carboxyl group(s), unstable terminal group decomposer of Group III: (III) a quaternary ammonium salt, wherein a compound providing a counter-anion of a quaternary ammonium salt is at least one selected from the group consisting of the following (i) to (v): (i) a carbonic acid monoester

Abstract: Method for recovering a polymer from a liquid medium (1) substantially containing the polymer and a solvent for the latter, wherein: (a) this liquid medium (1) is injected into a reactor (2) containing a stirred substantially monophase liquid mixture comprising a major fraction by weight of a non-solvent and a minor fraction by weight of a solvent, the mixture having a composition and temperature such that the polymer precipitates therefrom progressively; (b) the polymer is recovered in the form of particles in suspension (5) in a liquid rich in non-solvent; (c) the polymer particles (9) are separated from the liquid.

Abstract: A method for the extraction, separation, fractionation and purification of biopolymers from plant materials using supercritical and/or subcritical solvent extractions is disclosed. Specifically, the process can be used for the separation of resins and rubber from guayule shrub (Parthenium argentatum), and other rubber and/or resin containing plant materials, using supercritical solvent extraction, for example supercritical carbon dioxide extraction. Additionally, polar and/or non-polar co-solvents can be used with supercritical carbon dioxide to enhance the selective extraction of resins and rubbers from the shrub.

Abstract: A process for the purification of a tetraol PFPE derivative [tetraol (T)] of formula (I): HO—CH2—CH(OH)—CH2—O—CH2—CF2—O—Rf—CF2—CH2O—CH2—CH(OH)—CH2OH, wherein Rf represents a fluoropolyoxyalkene chain (chain Rf), from a mixture (M) of hydroxyl (per)fluoropolyether derivatives, said mixture comprising said tetraol (T) and at least one hydroxyl (per)fluoropolyether [PFPE (OH)] comprising a chain Rf terminated with at least one end group of formula: —CF2CH2OH; —CF2CH2O—CH(OH)—CH2—O—CH2—CH(OH)—CH2OH; said process comprising: step 1: reacting the mixture (M) with ketones and/or aldehydes so as to selectively protect couples of hydroxyl groups on vicinal carbon atoms by forming corresponding cyclic ketal/acetal derivatives, so as to yield a protected mixture (P); step 2: reacting residual hydroxyl groups of the mixture (P) with suitable functionalizing agents enabling substantial volatility modification, so as to obtain a functionalized protected mixture (Pf); step 3: fractional distillation of the mixture (Pf) so a

Abstract: The invention relates to a method enabling the ambient-temperature spinning of ligning originating from Alcell- and Organosolv-type extraction processes. The invention also relates to a method and device for the ambient-temperature production of lignin fibres of micro- and nanometric diameter, by means of electrospinning and co-electrospinning. The resulting fibres can be single strand (electrospinning) and hollow or coaxial (co-electrospinning) fibres. The lignin fibres are transformed into carbon nanofibres after a suitable heat treatment.

Abstract: In a process for producing a poly(arylene sulfide) by polymerizing a sulfur source and a dihalo-aromatic compound in the presence of an alkali metal hydroxide in an organic amide solvent, the production process comprises washing a polymer obtained by the polymerization with a hydrophilic organic solvent containing water in a proportion of 1 to 30% by weight, thereby collecting a purified polymer, the content of nitrogen contained in an extract extracted by a mixed solvent containing 40% by weight of acetonitrile and 60% by weight of water from the purified polymer is at most 50 ppm on the basis of the weight of the polymer, and a poly(arylene sulfide), the content of nitrogen contained in an extract extracted by a mixed solvent containing 40% by weight of acetonitrile and 60% by weight of water from the purified polymer is at most 50 ppm on the basis of the weight of the polymer.

Abstract: A poly(arylene sulfide) having properties that a melt viscosity is 1 to 3,000 Pa·s as measured under conditions of a temperature of 310° C. and a shear rate of 1,216 sec?1, a pH is 7.0 to 12.0 as measured in a mixed solvent of water/acetone (volume ratio=2/1), a crystallization temperature is at most 220° C. as measured in the course of lowing the temperature of the polymer at a rate of 10° C./min from a molten state, and a whiteness degree is at least 70 as measured in the form of a melt molded or formed product, and a production process thereof.

Abstract: A process to remove metal contaminants from a hydrocarbon solution of polyethylene is disclosed. The process comprises adding a primary alcohol and a ?-diketone to a solution of polyethylene at a temperature within the range of 120° C. to 300° C. and contacting the solution with basic alumina. The process removes metal contaminants and minimizes degradation and condensation products, which can have a detrimental effect on polyethylene properties. The process provides polyethylene with low metal residues and good properties.

Abstract: Process for the solvent treatment of a plastic, by dissolving the plastic with a solvent and with at least one phase separation agent compatible with the solvent to form a solution, precipitating the plastic by contacting the solution with at least one non-solvent so as to obtain a solvent/non solvent mixture containing precipitated plastic particles, and substantially eliminating the solvent from the mixture and recovering solid plastic particles. After dissolution but before substantially eliminating the solvent a stripping takes place during which at least a substantial portion of the PSA is removed from the solution or from the mixture using a stripping composition.

Abstract: A method for treating polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) in its reactor latex form to produce a dry submicron PTFE powder that remains stable without rheology modifiers, surfactants, wetting agents, pH adjusters or other stabilizing additives. Reactor latex PTFE formed during an emulsion polymerization process can be irradiated, with an electron beam or gamma rays, during or after the polymerization to form a product where the dry submicron PTFE powder is free-flowing, tends not to self-agglomerate and tends not to dust into the air upon handling so that the PTFE is readily dispersible when placed in a desired application system or medium.

Abstract: A poly(arylene ether) produced by combining a poly(arylene ether) solution with an antisolvent at a shear rate of greater than 50,000 sec?1. The high shear mixing conditions produce a poly(arylene ether) dispersion in which the poly(arylene ether) solid contains reduced amounts of undesirably fine particles.

Abstract: An analytical technique for the accurate and precise measurement of trace water in chemical reagents, comprising the steps of combining a chemical reagent comprising ?5 ppm water, with hexafluoroacetone (HFA), to form a sample mixture comprising at least the chemical reagent and a water derivative of hexafluoroacetone; and measuring the concentration of the water derivative of hexafluoroacetone by gas chromatography.

Abstract: Improved processes for extracting polyhydroxyalkanoate from a biomass containing the polyhydroxyalkanoate including the steps of: combining the biomass containing the polyhydroxyalkanoate with a solvent selected from lower chain ketones, and mixtures thereof to form a biomass liquor wherein the biomass liquor comprises less than about 25% water; mixing the biomass liquor for from about 10 to about 300 minutes at a temperature in the range of from about 70° C. to about 120° C.; separating the polyhydroxyalkanoate from the biomass liquor to form a PHA-enriched liquor, wherein the separating occurs at a temperature of at least about 40° C.; mixing the PHA-enriched liquor with water to form precipitated polyhydroxyalkanoate and an impure solvent liquor, wherein the water is mixed with the PHA-enriched liquor in the ratio of from at least about 0.4-1 parts of water to one part solvent; and recovering the precipitated polyhydroxyalkanoate from the impure solvent liquor.

Abstract: A method for the extraction, separation, fractionation and purification of biopolymers from plant materials using supercritical and/or subcritical solvent extractions is disclosed. Specifically, the process can be used for the separation of resins and rubber from guayule shrub (Parthenium argentatum), and other rubber and/or resin containing plant materials, using supercritical solvent extraction, for example supercritical carbon dioxide extraction. Additionally, polar and/or non-polar co-solvents can be used with supercritical carbon dioxide to enhance the selective extraction of resins and rubbers from the shrub.

Abstract: A poly(arylene ether) polymer includes polymer repeat units of the following structure: —(O—Ar1—O—Ar2)m—(O—Ar3—O—Ar4)n— where Ar1, Ar2, Ar3, and Ar4 are identical or different aryl radicals, m is 0.05 to 0.95, n is 1-m, and at least one of the aryl radicals is grafted to at least one hydroxyalkyl group, such as 2-undecanol. The polymer is especially useful in electrically conductive adhesives.

Abstract: A process for preparing ketone-formaldehyde resins, especially acetophenone- and cyclohexanone-formaldehyde resins, having a low water content and high thermal stability and yellowing resistance, and a process for their production and their use.

Abstract: Poly(arylene ether) polymers are provided having polymer repeat units of the following structure: wherein Ar1, Ar2, Ar3, and Ar4 are identical or different aryl radicals, m is 0 to 1, n is 1-m, and at least one of G1, G2, G3, G4, G5, G6, G7 and G8 is a hydroxyalkyl furan group. Thin films of the polymer and methods of making the polymer are also provided.

Abstract: A method of precipitating a poly(arylene ether) includes combining a poly(arylene ether) solution with an antisolvent at a shear rate of greater than 50,000 sec?1. The high shear mixing conditions produce a poly(arylene ether) dispersion in which the poly(arylene ether) solid contains reduced amounts of undesirably fine particles.

Abstract: Polymers derived from various monomers are purified by fractionalization of the crude polymers in a solvent/non solvent system via reverse precipitation.

Abstract: A polymerizate slurry obtained through a reaction of an alkali sulfide source and an aromatic dihalide compound in an organic polar solvent and comprising polyarylene sulfide particles, a by-produced alkali metal salt and the polar organic solvent, is continuously contacted countercurrently with a washing liquid, thereby continuously and efficiently recovering washed polyarylene sulfide particles. Furthermore, the by-produced alkali metal salt is removed, and the polar organic solvent is recovered, efficiently.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing a free flowing and/or non clumping resin that includes prior to drying, shrinking the resin under agitation. In one variant of the invention, the is a resin used in solid phase synthesis of peptides. In another aspect the invention provides a process of making a peptide using the free flowing resin described herein, and a polypeptide made using the process. Various therapeutics are then be made using the polypepdite.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a process for producing a benzoxazine resin which comprises the steps of reacting a phenol compound, an aldehyde compound and a primary amine in the presence of an organic solvent to synthesize a benzoxazine resin and removing generated condensation water and the organic solvent from a system under heating and a reduced pressure, wherein a pressure in the reaction system at the time of removal is set to 260 mmHg or higher.

Abstract: Methods to prepare a poly(arylene ether) and poly(alkenyl aromatic) polymeric material having reduced levels of particulate impurities are described. The polymeric material prepared is suitable for use in data storage media applications.

Abstract: A continuous process for the process for the enzyme-catalyzed preparation of cyclic ester oligomers from linear ester oligomers. The process may use a linear or recirculating reactor.

Abstract: Enzymes which are capable of catalyzing esterifications and/or transesterifications such as selected lipases and esterases can, under specified conditions, convert certain lower linear oligomers of polyesters to their cyclic ester oligomers in quantities greater than would be predicted by thermodynamic calculation or prior art methods. The cyclic ester oligomers are useful for the production of higher molecular weight linear polyesters.