Abstract: An electrically conducting polymer is disclosed which includes poly(N-alkyl 3',3 carbazolyl) at least a portion of which is doped with a compatible charge transfer acceptor to provide p-type electrical conductivity, and in which the alkyl group is one selected from the group consisting of ethyl and methyl or a combination thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for modifying accumulated cross-linked polymer in an apparatus used for the production of a vinylaromatic compound, comprising optionally softening the polymer with an organic solvent; precipitating the polymer with a light, polar non-solvent for the polymer and expanding the softened polymer by bringing the softened polymer in contact with steam whereby the polymer is converted into a state which enables it to be more easily removed from the apparatus.

Abstract: A process for preparing pulverulent ethylene homopolymers or copolymers with a grain size of less than 200 .mu.m which comprises contacting coarse-particled ethylene homopolymers or copolymers in the form of a suspension with an aliphatic ketone containing 3 to 10 carbon atoms, heating the same with a mixture of said ketone up to a temperature above the softening point of the polymer and thereafter cooling the same.

Abstract: Rubber, hydrocarbons, i.e., resins, and other useful by-products are extracted, recovered and isolated from shrubs such as guayule and guayule-like shrubs by a procedure wherein the entire non-defoliated shrub, after being comminuted, is processed in an aqueous and/or a non-aqueous system. An optional water treatment step can be used to remove water solubles and/or facilitate processing and achieve increased yield of desired by-products.

Abstract: A free flowing antistatic composition is provided in a solid particulate form for use with polymeric materials. The composition is a flowable mixture of predominantly C.sub.18 alkyl ethoxylated primary amine particulates with micron sized silica gel particulates. The composition of the present invention is particularly useful with food packaging polyolefin materials.

Abstract: Polyesters are combined with UV-stabilizing substances in order to produce an end product, such as a film, sheet, ribbon or filament, by mixing polyester granules and the UV-stabilizing substance in powdered form at an elevated temperature such that at least the exterior surface of the polyester granules is soft, thereby to cause the powdered UV-stabilizing substance to adhere to the individual polymer granules, the granules with the powder adhering thereto are then dried, and they are then passed through an extruder or otherwise formed into an end product.

Abstract: Strong cationic polyelectrolytes in powder form based on acrylamide and quaternized or salified dimethylaminoethyl acrylate; and the use thereof for flocculation of solid material suspensions and coalescence of emulsions.Such polyelectrolytes contain in molar proportions more than 50% of cationic units uniformly distributed along the copolymer chains. They are used for flocculating colloidal suspensions and/or coalescing emulsions, especially, in sewage water purification installations.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of improving the brightness and color of a polyester resin and reducing the acetaldehyde content by passing the resin through molecular sieves at a temperature of from 230.degree. C. to about 300.degree. C.

Abstract: A class of polyamides comprising recurring units having certain substituted-biphenylene or substituted-stilbene radicals is disclosed. The substituted radicals include substituents so as to confer a non-coplanar molecular configuration and a substantially cylindrical distribution of electron density about the long axis of the recurring units and the chain-extended polymers including such radicals.Molecularly oriented polymers of the invention exhibit optically uniaxial properties. The highly birefringent polymers are suited to application in optical filter and other devices where a refractive and birefringent material is desired.

Abstract: Method for removing chlorinated solvents from chlorinated polymers which retain them as a result of a chlorination process, wherein after being dried and pulverized, said chlorinated polymer is treated with a non-halogenated aliphatic organic solvent or a halogenated aromatic organic solvent. Said organic solvent pertains to the following groups: alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol; esters such as methyl formate, ethyl formate, methyl acetate; nitriles such as acetonitrile; aromatic halides such as chlorobenzene; hydrocarbons such as n-hexane; and acetone.

Abstract: Insulating wire coating enamels containing a mixture of polyvinyl acetal, phenolic and epoxy resins are prepared by precipitating the resins from a tetrahydrofuran solution with water. The precipitated resins are dried and electrostatically applied to transformer wire.

Abstract: Poly (.beta.-hydroxy butyric acid), PHB, is extracted from a suspension of bacterial cells by causing the cells to flocculate, by pH modification, optionally with heating, and then extracting the PHB from the flocculated cells with a suitable extraction solvent. Flocculation of the cells renders subsequent separation of the PHB solution from the cell debris more facile. Preferably lipids are extracted from the flocculated cells before contact with the PHB extraction solvent.

Abstract: A process for preparing fine powder particles of thermoplastic elastomer polymer is disclosed. This process comprises suspending thermoplastic elastomer solids in a poor solvent for the polymer using mild agitation and then admixing this suspension with a non-solvent for the polymer in the presence of high shear mixing. Powder particles having an average diameter of less than about 100 microns are obtained.

Abstract: Cationic polyelectrolytes in water-soluble powder form, applicable to the flocculation of municipal sludge comprise copolymers of acrylamide and of quaternized or salified dimethylamino-ethyl acrylate, containing in molar proportions 10 to 50% of cationic units distributed regularly along the copolymer chains. They have an intrinsic viscosity higher than 6 and a measured cationicity higher than 90% of the theoretical cationicity.

Abstract: A process for the isolation of particulate polyarylene esters having good thermal stability and hydrolytic stability, which comprises adding to a solution of a polyarylene ester in an organic solvent a poor solvent for the polyarylene ester at least in an amount such that said solution reaches a cloud point, followed by subjecting said mixed solution to an aging treatment whereby the polyarylene ester precipitates as solids, characterized in that said poor solvent is a mixed poor solvent consisting of 5-95% by weight of an aliphatic alcohol with 1-5 carbons and the other poor solvent for the polyarylene ester, the amount of said mixed poor solvent added being within the range of 100-200% by weight of the amount such that said solution reaches the cloud point and not exceeding the amount of said solution.

Abstract: A process for reducing free acrylonitrile monomer in nitrile copolymers during melting which involves having an effective amount of an acrylonitrile scavenger selected from the group consisting of unsaturated fatty acid aldehydes, and esters formed by the reaction of a short chain olefinic alcohol with a fatty acid or cyanuric acid in admixture with the copolymer during melting. Shaped products such as pellets, preforms, containers, film, sheet, etc., formed from such melt are well suited for packaging food, beverages, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, etc., in that residual acrylonitrile monomer in the walls of such products is reduced over that present in the absence of such a scavenger.

Abstract: There is disclosed a degradable article made from photodegradable polymeric or plastic compositions comprising at least one organic polymer or copolymer and at least two different aromatic carbonyl photosensitizers.

Abstract: Quarternary modified water-soluble polymers can be conveniently prepared in solid form by precipitation of the polymer with a water-in-oil emulsion of the polymer utilizing water-soluble organic solvents which are non-solvents for the cationic polymer.

Abstract: Fuser members coated with a release layer of silicone rubber are treated with a solvent to remove low molecular weight siloxanes, polysiloxanes and other impurities from the silicone rubber. The solvent must be one which removes or extracts the low molecular weight siloxanes, polysiloxanes and other impurities without dissolving or otherwise adversely effecting the integrity of the silicone rubber layer coated upon a base member. Generally solvent extraction is continued until the components in the cured silicone rubber which interfer with the release properties of the rubber in releasing toner from the fuser member surface, are depleted to concentration where they do not inhibit release of the toner.

Abstract: Polybutene-1 in type II form can be accelerated in a phase transformation to the stable polybutene-1 type I form by applying a volatile solvent such as n-hexane and allowing the solvent to evaporate. The phase transformation can be accelerated by additional treatment with heat below the melt temperature of about 90.degree. C. and/or ultrasonic sound.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a halogen-containing, copolycarbonate blend having improved critical thickness and flammability properties comprising an aromatic copolycarbonate comprising the reaction product of an aromatic diphenol, an aromatic thiodiphenol and a carbonic acid derivative, such as phosgene or carbonyl bromide, blended with an effective amount of a halogen-containing compound. In a preferred embodiment, the copolycarbonate blend also contains small amounts of a perfluoro sulfonic or carboxylic acid salt.

Abstract: A novolak resin suitable for use as a light-sensitive photoresist or maskant is prepared by reaction of at least one cresol with an aldehyde or reactive ketone and an aromatic hydroxyl compound having an alkyl side chain of from 3-15 carbon atoms. The addition of a conventional photosensitive agent yields a composition evidencing superior characteristics as compared with prior art novolak photoresists and which requires less sensitizer than such prior art resists.

Abstract: A granular thermosetting composition free from a tendency to release dust and transformable into molded articles free from surface defects, is obtained by forming the composition into granules of from 2 to 8 mm in size and mixing said granules with from 0.5 to 3 wt.% of one or more substances, in liquid form, chosen from acetone, phenol, aniline and reaction products of phenol with styrene.

Abstract: This invention is directed to an improved method for the work-up of the reaction product from stereospecific polymerization of propylene with Ziegler Type catalysts in a liquid phase polymerization process employing a C.sub.3 reaction medium. The product work-up comprises treatment of the reactor effluent slurry with a small amount of a C.sub.3 or C.sub.4 alkanol and with oxygen or an effective peroxide, followed by washing of the polymer with a C.sub.3 hydrocarbon medium containing a small amount of a C.sub.3 or C.sub.4 alkanol.

Abstract: Methods for producing rubbery polymers are disclosed comprising forming a slurry of such rubbery polymers, preferably butyl rubber prepared from a mixture of a C.sub.4 to C.sub.8 isoolefin and a C.sub.4 to C.sub.10 conjugated mutiolefin in a low temperature reaction zone in the presence of a Friedel-Crafts catalyst and an organic halide diluent, passing that slurry into an overflow passage for transporting the slurry to a recovery system, and injecting a mixture of a hydrocarbon liquid having a boiling point above the boiling point of the organic halide and a polar organic catalyst quenching agent into said overflow passage at a point adjacent to the outlet from the reaction zone in order to prevent continued production of polymer in the overflow passage and to maintain the overflow passage substantially free of agglomerates.

Abstract: Polyester polymer is recovered from polyester fibers (in the form of filaments, yarns or fabrics and the like, both dyed and undyed), and used in the production of new undyed fibers, films, and other polymer products by the process of stripping the dye from the dyed polyester fibers and dissolving the polyester fibers in a solvent in a separate but functionally interrelated (with the dye stripping step) step; separating the dissolved fibers from any undissolved impurities, and thereafter separating the solvent from the polyester without precipitating the polyester by evaporating the solvent.

Abstract: A method is provided for making aromatic cyclic polyformals by effecting reaction between a methylene halide and an anhydrous bisphenol dianion, followed by a precipitation and an extraction of the resulting aromatic polyformal reaction product. The aromatic cyclic polyformals can be used as plasticizers for organic polymers for making wire coating formulations.

Abstract: A polymer slurry composed of solid polymer particles and a diluent such as an inert hydrocarbon and or an inert halogenated hydrocrbon, kept at a sufficient super-atmospheric pressure to maintain the diluent in the liquid state, is continuously introduced into a heating tube divided into a first and a second heating zone, the diameter of the second heating zone being larger than that of the first heating zone. The flow rate of the slurry passing through the first heating zone is controlled by regulating the amount of heat supplied to the first heating zone. Substantially all of the vaporized diluent is then introduced into a separation zone and separated from the solid polymer particles.

Abstract: A method of recovering a resin material from an infusible phenolic plastic composition. The infusible phenolic plastic composition is ground to a powder and mixed with an alkali solution to produce a liquid mixture. The liquid mixture is heated to a temperature selected between 260.degree.-340.degree. C and maintained at this temperature between 160 and 3 minutes causing the resin in the infusible phenolic plastic composition to dissolve in the alkali solution and produce a liquor. Thereafter the liquor is passed through a filter to remove any insoluble plastic composition therefrom. An acid solution when added to the filtered liquor causes a solid to precipitate from the liquor. The solid is separated from the liquor and washed in a water bath to remove any water soluble salts, phenols, and cresols from the recovered resin material.

Abstract: Polyester polymer is recovered from mixed collections of fibers in the form of fibers, filaments, yarns, or fabrics (including dyed or undyed fibers other than polyester fibers as well as dyed polyester fibers) and used in the production of new undyed fibers, by solvent stripping the dye from the polyester fibers without dissolving the fibers, and with additional solvent, selectively dissolving the polyester fibers in successive but functionally integrated steps; separating the dissolved fibers from an undissolved impurities and thereafter separating the residual dye-stripping solvent and the additional solvent from the polyester component without precipitiating the polyester component from solution by evaporating the solvent, preferably by atmospheric boiling and vacuum finishing of the molten solution.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of manufacturing spherical particles, either homogeneous or porous, from polymer solutions, wherein a polymer solution is dispersed or suspended in a liquid dispersing medium incapable of dissolving the polymer and immiscible with the polymer solvent, and the emulsion thus obtained is poured, while stirring, into an excess of a polymer-coagulating liquid which is miscible with the polymer solvent but immiscible with the dispersing medium, whereafter the two liquid phases are separated from each other and from the spherical polymer particles which are then isolated.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved process for removing water, under elevated temperature, from aqueous gel of water soluble polymer, such as polymer or copolymer of acrylamide and/or quaternary ammonium salts of dialkylaminoamlkylmethacrylate, to prevent from the deterioration of polymer properties. The process is accomplished by addition of polyhydric phenols, benzoquinones or derivatives thereof prior to removal of water.

Abstract: A polymer latex is coagulated by passing the polymer latex and a coagulant through a screw-type extruder in which the latex and coagulant are mixed and mechanically worked under pressure by a rotating interrupted worm flight in cooperation with a plurality of stationary breaker members. At the downstream end of the extruder, the coagulated polymer is compacted and extruded. The extruded polymer is characterized by relatively low moisture content, and the excess process liquid which drains from the compacted polymer is relatively free of uncoagulated polymer.

Abstract: Water-swellable, cross-linked, bead copolymers of (A) an ethylenically unsaturated monomer having a carboxylic acid anhydride, glycidyl or succinimide group, (B) a comonomer having at least two radical-polymerizable carbon double bonds, and (C) a radical-polymerizable water-soluble comonomer are disclosed to be excellent carriers capable of bonding with biologically active substances such as enzymes, enzyme substrates, inhibitors, hormones, antibiotics, antigens, and peptides.

Abstract: There are disclosed novel photodegradable polymeric or plastic compositions comprising at least one organic polymer or copolymer and at least two different aromatic carbonyl photosensitizers.

Abstract: There is disclosed the preparation of a gradable polymeric composition by the chemical modification of a polymeric material such as a polymer or copolymer. The preparation comprises reacting in the presence of free radicals the polymeric material with a non-polymeric organic reagent having a structure which contains both a hydrocarbon residue and a polymeric material-degradation-sensitizing group.

Abstract: Sulfur vulcanizable elastomers comprise interpolymers of a major proportion of (a) one or more olefinic or haloolefinic hydrocarbons; (b) one or more esters of acrylic acid in which the acyclic or alicyclic radical moiety of the ester is free of olefinic unsaturation; and (c) a minor proportion, of about 0.10 to 10 mol percent of the total monomers present in the interpolymer, of an acyclic conjugated diolefin, prepared with a catalyst system comprising a Lewis acid, a vanadium compound and a source of free-radicals such as an organic peroxide. The polymer chain consists of segments of alternating olefin and acrylic ester monomer units of variable length interconnected by randomly distributed diolefin units and the sum of the olefin and diolefin monomers in moles is substantially equal to the sum of the acrylic esters in moles present in the interpolymer.

Abstract: Water-absorbent crosslinked polymers are improved in their wicking capacity by treatment of their surface with glyoxal. The polymer can be a polysaccharide--acrylamide graft copolymer or a polymer or copolymer of acrylamide and/or sodium acrylate or sodium methacrylate.

Abstract: Spherical polyolefin (or modified polyolefin) powders having high bulk density, narrow particle size distribution and good powder flowability are prepared by cooling a polyolefin solution comprising a solvent and nonsolvent for the polyolefin and containing a small amount of an inorganic compound and, if desired, water. The polyolefin powders are suitable for powder coating. Suitable solvents are hydrocarbons, such as hexane, heptane, etc., and a mixture of hydrocarbon and nonsolvent for polyolefin such as methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, etc. The ratio of a hydrocarbon/nonsolvent is 95/5 - 30/70, preferably 90/10 - 50/50. Suitable inorganic compounds are phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, sulfurous acid, hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, inorganic salts thereof, etc. and the most preferable inorganic compound is phosphoric acid.

Abstract: Novel hydrophilic modified acrylic polymers, which are, in particular, hydrosoluble or hydrodispersible. These novel polymers contain, expressed in molar percentages, p % of units derived from an acrylic acid or ester, q % of units derived from an alkanolamine of said acid, r % of units derived from the alkali metal, alkaline earth metal or ammonium salt of the said acid, and s % of units derived from a vinylic monomer, p, q, r and s representing integers and being so selected that 1.ltoreq.p.ltoreq.99, O.ltoreq.q.ltoreq.96, O.ltoreq.r.ltoreq.99 and O.ltoreq.s.ltoreq.40, and the sum (p+q+r+s) is equal to 100.

Abstract: An improved masterbatch of polymer, oil and carbon black is provided, and a process for the manufacture thereof, in which the polymer contains reactive groups and the masterbatch contains a crosslinking agent reactive with the reactive groups of the polymer in sufficient amount to form a low concentration of crosslinks in order to increase the strength of the polymer, the crosslinks being easily broken by the action of shear and/or heat and reformable thereafter, so that high levels of oil and carbon black can be incorporated into the masterbatch.

Abstract: Free flowing polychloroprene powder can be produced from standard latexes by adding 1 - 10% of a salt of an alkyl sulfate, such as sodium lauryl sulfate to an acidified latex and precipitating the rubber in a coagulating solution, separating the particles and drying them. It was also found that the precipitated polychloroprene particles could be made stable in alcohols and ketone (which affords a simpler drying procedure) by adjusting the pH of the mixture of latex and coagulating solution to about 7.25.