Abstract: An improved process for making glycidyl ethers of novolac resins, particularly cresol and phenol novolacs, by reaction of the novolac with a solid alkali metal hydroxide in excess epichlorohydrin and in the presence of an alcohol cosolvent where the reaction mixture contains a small amount of water, wherein the improvement comprises carrying out the etherification and dehydrochlorination in a combined one step process, in the absence of a catalyst specific for chlorohydrin formation, and using the solid alkali metal hydroxide in the form of tiny beads.

Abstract: An epoxy resin composition comprising (A) an epoxy resin, (B) an alicyclic or aromatic polycarboxylic acid anhydride, (C) 4-ketopimelic acid dilactone, and if necessary (D) a hardening accelerator can give a cured article having excellent properties such as elongation, flexibility, hardness, tensile strength, etc.

Abstract: Epoxy resins are prepared by reacting an excess of an epihalohydrin with a phenolic hydroxyl-containing compound in the presence of the incremental addition of a basic catalyst while removing water by codistilling with a solvent and epihalohydrin.

Abstract: Epoxy resins containing triazine groups are prepared by (I) reacting (A) a material having at least one aromatic hydroxyl group per molecule such as bisphenol A with (B) a cyanogen halide such as cyanogen bromide in the presence of (C) a base and recovering a mixture of cyanate-containing products and unreacted (A) materials; (II) trimerizing the product recovered in (I) in the presence of a trimerization catalyst such as cobalt naphthenate and (III) epoxidizing the product from step II by reaction with an epihalohydrin such as epichlorohydrin, dehydrohalogenation of the resultant product with a basic acting material such as sodium hydroxide and recovering the resultant epoxy resin containing triazine groups.

Abstract: An epoxy resin substantially represented by the general formula ##STR1## where Ar.sup.1 is a residual group of a dihydric phenol derived from a compound having one or two benzene nuclei, Ar.sup.2 is residual group of a halogen-substituted benzenoid compound having two halogen atoms on its nuclei and represented by the formula --Ar.sup.3 --Y--Ar.sup.4 -- where each of Ar.sup.3 and Ar.sup.4 is a hydrocarbon group having a divalent benzene nucleus and Y is a sulfone group or a carbonyl group, and n is an integer of from 1 to 50.

Abstract: The invention relates to polyglycidyl ethers and provides such compounds based on diphenylol C.sub.7 to C.sub.13 alkanes, and their preparation from the appropriate diphenylol alkanes. The polyglycidyl ethers may be cured with known epoxy resin curing agents and may be used as base materials for the preparation of anionic or cationic aqueous thermosetting paint binders.The polyglycidyl ethers exhibit good compatibility with aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the preparation of thermoplastic polymers. Specifically it relates to a process for the preparation of a substantially linear, high molecular weight phenoxy resin from substituted hydroquinone, less than 80 mole percent of hydroquinone and optionally up to about 20 mole percent of a second aromatic diol, epichlorohydrin (or another epihalohydrin) and a base, such as sodium hydroxide.Hydroquinone phenoxy resins of this invention are characterized by low permeability to oxygen and carbon dioxide and are, therefore, useful as a gas-barrier layer in multilayer plastic film constructions used in food packaging and beverage bottle applications, for example. For use in such applications, the resin is generally in the form of a thin, uniform film prepared by extrusion, casting, or other such method.

Abstract: The instant invention provide a process for increasing the molecular weight of an epoxy resin by reacting (1) a polyepoxide containing more than one vicinal epoxy group in the molecule, preferably a normally liquid polyether of a polyhydric phenol, (2) a polyhydric phenol, (3) a catalytic amount of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salt of a non-nucleophilic acid, especially fluoboric acid and perchloric acid, preferably in the presence of (4) a base such as pyridine.

Abstract: Flowable, curable mixtures based on bisphenol epoxy resins cured with anhydrides, and which are modified with di- or triglycidyl-hydantoin compounds, give cured mouldings with improved dimensional stability under heat while having at least unchanged flexibility.

Abstract: A polyspirolactone polymer particularly suitable for protective surface coatings comprises a spirolactone structure in the polymer structure adapted to be cross-linked with a primary or secondary amine compound to produce a thermoset protective coating.

Abstract: Described herein is a molding composition comprising: ##STR1## wherein n is a number having an average value of about 1.5 to less than about 4, m is equal to the free valence of R less the average value of n, R is the hydroxyl-free residue of an organic polyol which contained from 2 to 4, inclusive, hydroxyl groups, OH, in formula (I), (b) maleic anhydride, (c) an epoxide containing two or more 1,2-epoxide radicals, (d) an ethylenically unsaturated monomer which forms a liquid homogeneous mixture with the half ester, maleic anhydride and epoxide, and (e) one or more reinforcing fibers having a melting point or a glass transition temperature above about 130.degree. C.

Abstract: The invention comprises a polymerizable liquid mixture of (a) a half ester characterized by the following empirical formula: ##STR1## wherein n is a number having an average value of about 1.5 to less than about 4, m is equal to the free valence of R less the average value of n, R is the hydroxyl-free residue of an organic polyol which contained from 2 to 4, inclusive, hydroxyl groups, OH, in formula (I) (b) maleic anhydride, (c) an epoxide containing two or more 1,2-epoxide radicals, (d) an ethylenically unsaturated monomer which forms a liquid homogeneous mixture with the half ester, maleic anhydride and epoxide, and (e) a basic compound.

Abstract: The invention relates to the continuous production of epoxide resins of low, medium and high molecular weight, and also to their purification and to that of the waste water. No raw materials are required in addition to epichlorohydrin, 2,2-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propane, alkali hydroxide and water. The raw materials are fed at a shear rate of 7.5-50.times.10.sup.4 sec.sup.-1 (at a peripheral speed of the rotor of 15 to 50 m/sec and a distance of the rotor elements from the stator elements of 0.01 to 0.02 cm) continuously into a reactor and mixed in such a way that by the concentration of high kinetic energy in a very limited space the interfaces of the phases of the heterogeneous reaction mixture are increased to an extreme extent and the reagents are caused to react with one another within 5 sec. at the latest.The reaction proceeds very evenly in the reactor.

Abstract: Glycidyl polyarylethers are prepared by reacting at least one alkali metal salt of a polyhydric phenol with at least one 1-halo-2,3-epoxyalkane, in an anhydrous and aprotic heterogeneous reaction medium which includes acetonitrile, propionitrile, benzonitrile and/or ethylene sulfide.

Abstract: Mixtures of approximately equivalent amounts of (a) a glycidylated hydantoin and (b) a mononuclear phenol with 2 or 3 phenolic hydroxyl groups, at least one of the components (a) or (b) being trifunctional. They additionally contain a curing accelerator and on heating form mechanically good and flexible plastics which are stable to hydrolysis and can be used as building materials and foams, for the finishing and coating of textile material and for the preparation of water-permeable membranes.

Abstract: A process for preparing epoxy resin comprises a step of allowing a mixture of epichlorohydrin, 2,2-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)propane, and a solvent in the presence of an alkali used in an amount of from 0.4 to 5% by weight of the epichlorohydrin to stay at a temperature of from 45.degree. to 70.degree. C. to obtain a homogeneous mass. Subsequently an alkali used in an amount of from 45 to 50% by weight of the epichlorohydrin is added to the resultant mass, and polycondensation is conducted at a temperature of 70.degree. to 90.degree. C. under stirring to obtain the end product.

Abstract: A process for the anionic polymerization or copolymerization of olefinic monomers, dienic monomers, vinyl monomers and heterocyclic monomers is described which comprises reacting at least one monomer which is an olefinic monomer, a vinyl monomer or an heterocyclic monomer with a catalyst capable of inducing anionic polymerization and an aprotic macroheterocyclic cryptant, said at least one monomer being the only medium for the reaction.The macroheterocyclic complexing agent has general formula ##STR1## in which: R.sub.1 is hydrogen, a hydrocarbon radical or alkoxycarbonyl, or the two R.sub.1 together can form a group of the general formula: ##STR2## in which A is a hydrocarbon radical,D is oxygen, sulfur, or a hydrocarbon radical, with the proviso that at leat two of the D groups are oxygen or sulfur and that if R.sub.1 is hydrogen, a hydrocarbon radical or alkoxycarbonyl, one of these two D groups is oxygen or sulfur and the other is oxygen, andn and p are integers from 1 to 3 and m is 2 or 3.

Abstract: A novel resin composition which is composed of molecules having an epi-bis type main skeleton of the formula ##STR1## X.sub.1 -X.sub.4 : H, Cl or Br R: H, or CH.sub.3and has a Gardner-Holdt viscosity of C to Z.sub.8 determined at 25.degree. C. for a solution in butyl carbitol in a concentration of 40% by weight.At least 40% of the entire terminal groups of the molecules of the novel composition consists of .alpha.-glycol groups of the formula ##STR2## wherein R represents hydrogen or methyl. The composition is more rapidly curable at lower temperatures than known epoxy resins having an epi-bis type main chain skeleton, and is useful as a paint or adhesive and also as an adhesion improver for other resins.

Abstract: Polymers which comprise polymer chains along which the proportion of mer units provided by a first heterocyclic monomer gradually increases in a given chain length as the proportion of mer units provided by a second heterocyclic monomer gradually decreases along said chain length. In one form, the portions of the polymers adjacent one end of the given chain lengths have about 100% of mer units provided by the first monomer and about 0% of mer units provided by the second monomer and the portions adjacent the other end of the given chain lengths have about 0% of mer units provided by the first monomer and about 100% of mer units provided by the second monomer. Additional forms of polymers are disclosed.

Abstract: The reaction product of an epoxide and a polyalkylenepolyamine is prepared in bead form by dispersing a blend of the epoxide and polyalkylenepolyamine in a concentrated aqueous solution of an alkali metal hydroxide and then curing the dispersed blend. For example, dispersing a blend of triethylenetetramine and diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A in an agitated aqueous solution of 50 weight percent NaOH and curing the dispersed blend produces normally solid beads which are useful as a weak base ion exchange resin.

Abstract: The cured reaction product of a polyalkylenepolyamine and a polyepoxide is useful as a weak base ion exchange resin. For example, the reaction of triethylenetetramine and diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A forms a weak base resin having an excellent total weak base capacity.

Abstract: A liquid epoxy resin is produced by gradually feeding an aqueous solution of alkali metal hydroxide into a solution of bisphenol-A in epichlorohydrin, while maintaining the reaction medium at boiling point, distilling off water in the form of an azeotrope with epichlorohydrin and recycling the latter, and maintaining a water content of from 0.1 to 0.7 wt.% and a pH value between 7 and 9 in said reaction medium. The liquid epoxy resins thus obtained have low values of the viscosity, epoxy equivalent and hydrolyzable chlorine content.

Abstract: A process for preparing an epoxy resin, which comprises reacting p-hydroxybenzoic acid and bisphenol A with an epihalohydrin in the presence of a base using a quaternary ammonium salt as a catalyst, the amount of the p-hydroxybenzoic acid being 10 to 90 mole% and the amount of the bisphenol A being 90 to 10 mole%, both based on the total amount of the hydroxybenzoic acid and bisphenol A.

Abstract: Phenol compounds and fine granular silica will chemically react to produce phenol silicate compounds when heated in an aqueous solution with a suitable alkali catalyst. The phenol silicate compounds are then reacted with an aldehyde, epoxy and polyisocyanate compounds to produce resinous products.

Abstract: To accelerate the curing of epoxide resins by particular curing agents, i.e., polyamines, polyaminoamides, polycarboxylic acids, or polycarboxylic acid anhydrides, there is employed an aliphatic or araliphatic monocarboxylic acid group at least two halogen atoms chosen from fluorine and chlorine atoms, or a salt thereof, such as magnesium trifluoroacetate and magnesium trichloroacetate.