Abstract: Methods and compositions for the catalytic oxidation of pharmaceutically active compounds, and more particularly to ex vivo methods for predicting in vivo metabolism of pharmaceutically active compounds, including predicting in vivo interaction between two or more pharmaceutically active compounds.

Abstract: A solvent system for the removal of acid gases from mixed gas streams is provided. Also provided is a process for removing acid gases from mixed gas streams using the disclosed solvent systems. The solvent systems may be utilized within a gas processing system.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a water-resistant organic thin film obtained by crosslinking, with organic nitrogen compounds, an organic thin film comprising an organic dye having an anionic group, wherein the organic nitrogen compounds are first, second, and third acyclic organic nitrogen compounds each having two or more nitrogen atoms per molecule, wherein the nitrogen atoms of each of the first, second, and third organic nitrogen compounds are each in a cationic group, and the relation A?0.4 nm<B<C is satisfied, wherein A represents a distance (nm) between adjacent nitrogen atoms in the first organic nitrogen compound, B represents a distance (nm) between adjacent nitrogen atoms in the second organic nitrogen compound, and C represents a distance (nm) between adjacent nitrogen atoms in the third organic nitrogen compound.

Abstract: A method of decomposing an organic substrate includes identifying an organic substrate or its constituents having one or more desired or undesired properties; and contacting the organic substrate with an oxidizing agent and a catalyst selected from the group consisting of sterically hindered and electronically activated metallotetraphenylporphyrins, metallophthalocyanines and metallosalen complexes in an aqueous or aqueous-organic solution to produce a treated composition comprising one or more degradation products, wherein the degradation products have one or more desired properties and/or lack the undesired properties of the organic substrate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel polymeric composition comprising a novel polymer having two or more repeat units and a terminus having the structure (1): wherein R1 represents a C1-C20 substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, w is a number from 1-8, X is oxygen (O) or nitrogen (N), and Rd is a reactive group. The invention also relates to a process for forming a pattern using the novel polymeric composition. The invention further relates to a process of making the novel polymer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to new compounds, which are molecular combinations of a phthalocyanine and a mono-azo dyestuff linked via specific linking groups and to a process for their preparation. Further aspects are shading compositions using these compounds.

Abstract: Reactive dyes of the formula (1) wherein B is an aliphatic bridging member, G is a sulfo naphthalene group or a sulfo benzene group of the formula (2a) or a pyridone radical of the formula (2b), R1, R2, R3 and R4 are each independently of the others hydrogen or unsubstituted or substituted C1-C4alkyl, (R5)h denotes h identical or different substituents selected from the group sulfo, C1-C4alkyl and C1-C4alkoxy, R6 is hydrogen, sulfo, halogen, carboxy, C1-C4alkyl, C1-C4alkoxy or a fiber-reactive group Z1 of the formula —SO2—Y (3a), —NH—CO—(CH2)1—SO2—Y (3b), —CONH—(CH2)m—SO2—Y (3c), —NH—CO—CH(Hal)-CH2-Hal (3d) or —NH—CO—C(Hal)=CH2 (3e), R7 is amino, C1-C4alkyl or a fiber-reactive group Z2 of the formula —NH—(CH2)n—SO2—Y (3a), (R8)j denotes j identical or different substituents selected from the group sulfo, C2-C4alkanoylamino, ureido, C1-C4alkyl and C1-C4alkoxy, R9 is hydrogen, C1-C4alkyl or C1-C4alkoxy, R10 is hydrogen or C1-C4alkyl, R11 is hydrogen, cyano, carbamoyl or sulfomethyl, and R12 is hydrogen, C1-C4al

Abstract: The present invention relates to new azo dyes, a process for their preparation, and their use for dyeing or printing fibrous materials, to produce materials with brownish shades.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and compositions suitable for reducing by heat the molecular weight of polypropylene, propylene copolymers or polypropylene blends. Azo compounds bearing different substituents are added to the polymers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to azo dyes of the formula (1) in which R, M, and Y are defined as stated in claim 1, to dye mixtures comprising them, to processes for preparing them, and to their use.

Abstract: A method of preparing a complex-azo pigment having plural pigment components including at least an azo pigment represented by the following formula (a) A(H)n??(a) Pigments, both limited and unlimited by the process of making.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel organic-inorganic silica particles, a preparation method thereof, and a hard coating composition containing the same, and more specifically, to organic-inorganic silica particles wherein an initiator is chemically bonded to hydroxyl groups (—OH) on the surface of the silica particles, a preparation method thereof, and a hard coating composition containing the same. A hard coating film with excellent abrasion resistance, scratch resistance and the like can be prepared by using the hard coating composition containing the organic-inorganic silica particles according to the present invention.

Abstract: Technologies are generally described for controlling temperature using compounds capable of photoisomerization. In some examples, a temperature control apparatus includes a first receiving unit configured to contain a compound capable of photoisomerization, a second receiving unit configured to contain the compound capable of photoisomerization, a first filter configured to pass first light from a first light source, and a second filter configured to pass second light from a second light source. Further, the first and second receiving units are coupled to each other so that the compound capable of photoisomerization may be circulated between the first and second receiving units, and the compound capable of photoisomerization in the first receiving unit and the second receiving unit is photoisomerized by at least one of the first light and the second light.

Abstract: Reactive dyes of the formula (1) wherein B is an aliphatic bridging member, G is a sulfo naphthalene group or a sulfo benzene group of the formula (2a) or a pyridone radical of the formula (2b), R1, R2, R3 and R4 are each independently of the others hydrogen or unsubstituted or substituted C1-C4alkyl, (R5)h denotes h identical or different substituents selected from the group sulfo, C1-C4alkyl and C1-C4alkoxy, R6 is hydrogen, sulfo, halogen, carboxy, C1-C4alkyl, C1-C4alkoxy or a fibre-reactive group Z1 of the formula —SO2—Y (3a), —NH—CO—(CH2)l—SO2—Y (3b), —CONH—(CH2)m—SO2—Y (3c), —NH—CO—CH(Hal)-CH2-Hal (3d) or —NH—CO—C(Hal)=CH2 (3e), R7 is amino, C1-C4alkyl or a fibre-reactive group Z2 of the formula —NH—(CH2)nSO2—Y (3a), (R8)j denotes j identical or different substituents selected from the group sulfo, C2-C4alkanoylamino, ureido, C1-C4alkyl and C1-C4alkoxy, R9 is hydrogen, C1-C4alkyl or C1-C4alkoxy, R10 is hydrogen or C1-C4alkyl, R11 is hydrogen, cyano, carbamoyl or sulfomethyl, and R12 is hydrogen, C1-C4alk

Abstract: An oligomerised dye compound, and salts thereof, obtainable by a process which comprises reacting a compound of Formula (1) and salts thereof with a compound of Formula (2) and salts thereof wherein: R1 and R2 are independently H, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted aryl or optionally substituted heteroaryl; R3 is optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted aryl or optionally substituted heteroaryl; X and Y are independently a substituent; a+b=0 to 4; n=1 to 6; L-(NH2)m??Formula (2) wherein: L comprises an optionally substituted, or optionally interrupted, aliphatic group, an optionally substituted aromatic group or an optionally substituted heterocyclic group; and m is 2 to 4. Also compositions, inks, printing processes, printed materials and ink jet cartridges.

Abstract: The present invention relates to dyes of the formula (I), in which R1 to R4, D1, f, and M are defined as indicated in claim 1, to processes for preparing them, and to their use for dyeing and printing hydroxyl- and/or carboxamido-containing materials.

Abstract: A diarylide yellow pigment formed by a coupling reaction of a benzidine and a mixture comprising 4-chloro-2,5-dimethoxy-acetoacetanilide and 2,4-dimethyl-acetoacetanilide. The diarylide yellow pigment has a desirable reddish shade than C.I. Pigment Yellow 83, exists in a solid solution, and contains fewer aromatic amine impurities.

Abstract: The invention relates to a dye of formula (1) The also relates to the preparation of the dye and its uses.

Abstract: The present invention relates to new compounds, which are molecular combinations of a phthalocyanine and a mono-azo dyestuff linked via specific linking groups and to a process for their preparation. Further aspects are shading compositions using these compounds.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a shading process characterized by using a composition comprising a phthalocyanine to which at least one dyestuff is attached through a covalent bonding, to shading compositions, to new compounds used in these shading compositions as well as to the production of these new compounds.

Abstract: A method of preparing a complex-azo pigment having plural pigment components including at least an azo pigment represented by the following formula (a) A(H)n ??(a) Pigments, both limited and unlimited by the process of making.

Abstract: The present invention relates to: novel compounds which are polymerizable functionalized derivatives of the yellow dye product known as C.I. Disperse Yellow 3, listed under CAS no. 2832-40-8, and have the formula the preparation of said novel compounds; their use as yellow dyes; polymerizable and/or crosslinkable compositions containing them; colored polymer matrices obtainable from such compositions; and finally intraocular lenses consisting wholly or partly of such colored polymer matrices.

Abstract: This invention relates to an amino acid based on a naturally occurring non-polar, non-aromatic ?-amino acid, wherein said amino acid differs from the naturally occurring counterpart in that the side chain contains a diazirine ring. Furthermore provided are methods of synthesizing a (poly)peptide with one or more amino acids of the invention incorporated, methods for cross-linking interacting molecules, methods of synthesizing the amino acids of the invention, and a kit comprising the amino acids of the invention.

Abstract: Bis-diazo, triaryl and aryldiazo-N-arylphenazonium quencher moieties, substituted with electron-withdrawing and electron-donating substituents which induce polarity in the delocalized aryl/diazo ring systems, are useful as labels when attached to biomolecules such as polynucleotides, nucleosides, nucleotides and polypeptides. The quencher moieties are non-fluorescent and accept energy transfer from fluorescent reporter labels by any energy-transfer mechanism, such as FRET. Fluorescence quencher compositions are useful in preparing quencher labeled biomolecules for various molecular biology assays based on fluorescence detection.

Abstract: There is disclosed a pigment dispersant comprises the compound represented by the following formula (I) or a metal salt, ammonium salt, amine salt or alkylammoniumchloride salt thereof. Also disclosed are a colored composition for CF, a process for the fabrication of a CF, the color filter fabricated by the process, an image display device including the color filter, and an information communication equipment including the image display device.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel cationic dye of formula (1) and (1a) wherein A is an organic radical of formula (2) or (3) wherein R1 and R2 are each independently of the other unsubstituted or substituted C1–C14alkyl or an aryl radical, R3 is hydrogen, unsubstituted or substituted C1–C14alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted C1–C14alkoxy, cyan or halogenid, R4 is hydrogen, unsubstituted or substituted C1–C14alkyl or an aryl radical, and X? is an anion. Further, the present invention relates to compositions thereof, especially comprising other dyes, to processes for the preparation thereof and to the use thereof in the dyeing of organic material, such as keratin, wool, leather, silk, paper, cellulose or polyamides, and preferably human hair.

Abstract: The cationic dyes of formula (1) specified in claim 1 are suitable especially for colouring keratin-containing fibres, more especially for colouring hair.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of certain cationic azo compounds is described, as well as the use thereof for dyeing keratin-containing fibres, especially human hair, in which specific cationic azo dyes are used.

Abstract: A process for conditioning azo pigment with surfactants of ethoxylate alkyl phenols in the presence of a strong alkali in the aqueous condition.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel monoazo compounds of formula (1), wherein R1 re resents H, Cl or CH3; R2 represents H or Cl; M2+ represents Mg2+, Mn2+ or Sr2+; Y1=represents COO? or SO3?; Y2=SO3?; Y3=Y4=Y5=H; or Y3=SO331 , Y2=Y4=Y5=H; or Y4=SO3?, Y2=Y3=Y5=H; or Y5=SO3?, Y2=Y3=Y4=H. The compounds of formula (1) are characterized by high intensity and light-fastness.

Abstract: The cationic dyes of formula (1) specified in claim 1 are suitable especially for colouring keratin-containing fibres, more especially for colouring hair.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel 1:2 chromium complex dyes, processes for their preparation and their use for dyeing or printing fiber materials containing hydroxyl groups or containing nitrogen. The present invention relates to a 1:2 chromium complex dye of formula (I): wherein all substituents are as defined in the claims, a process for their preparation and their use for dyeing or printing fiber materials containing hydroxyl groups or containing nitrogen.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the sodium salt of (Z)-2-hydroxy-5-([4-[3-[4-[(2-methyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-1-yl)methyl ]-1-piperidinyl]-3-oxo-1-phenyl-1-propenyl]phenyl]azo]benzoic acid, as well as to the pharmaceutical compositions containing it, to a procedure for its preparation and to its use for the manufacture of medicaments for the treatment or prevention of inflammatory bowel disease.

Abstract: The invention relates to pyrazolone pigments of general formula (I), wherein the radicals R1, R2, R3 and R4 independently represent hydrogen, chlorine, methyl or ethyl, whereby at least one of the radicals R1-R4 is different from hydrogen. The inventive pigments are characterised by a CIELAB colour angle of 80-85°, a chroma of 58-62 and a luminosity ≧87 (measuring angle 45°, standard illuminant D65).

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing aromatic bromide or aromatic iodide from an aromatic amine derivative using nitrite ion and holodimethylsulfonium halide generated in situ from hydrobromic acid/DMSO or hydriodic acid/DMSO. The process for producing compounds of the formula (1) is disclosed (1) wherein X is bromine or iodine: Y is carbon C or nitrogen; R1, R?2?, R3, R4 which may be the same or different and are selected independently from the group consisting of a hydrogen, a hologen, a C1-C8 alkyl, a C1-C10 alkoxy, a nitro, a formyl, an aryl, a benzyl, a C2-C10 alkylcarbonyl and an arylcarbonyl, provided that adjacent groups as selected from among R1, R2, R3, R4 and R1 may combine to form a ring.

Abstract: A reactive dye compound comprising: (a) at least one chromophore moiety; (b) at least one nitrogen-containing heterocycle (c) a linking group to link each chromophore moiety to each nitrogen-containing heterocycle; characterized in that at least one nitrogen-containing heterocycle is substituted with at least one Y group wherein Y is derived from a hydrated aldehyde, a hydrated ketone, a hydrated alpha-hydroxy ketone, or the hydrated form of formic acid and linked via one of its oxygen atoms to the nitrogen-containing heterocycle thereby forming a hemiacetal.

Abstract: A process for producing amino or amido substituted aromatic azo or hydrazo compounds, or aminoaromatic amines, or aminoaromatic amides, or mixtures thereof, comprises the steps of:

Abstract: Process for the coupling of

Abstract: Organic pigments are conditioned by introducing a liquid prepigment suspension into a miniaturized continuous reactor and thermally treating therein.

Abstract: Organic pigments are conditioned by introducing a liquid prepigment suspension into a miniaturized continuous reactor and thermally treating therein.

Abstract: An azo dye represented by the following general formula (1) and a process for making the azo dye is disclosed. The process comprises a step in which a diazonium salt is formed by the reaction between an aminopyrazole represented by the general formula (3) and an diazotizing agent, a step in which a compound represented by the general formula (5) is formed by the reaction between the diazonium salt and an aromatic coupling agent represented by the general formula (4), and a step in which an azo dye represented by the general formula (6) is formed by the reaction between the compound represented by the general formula (5) and an arylating agent or a heterylating agent in the presence of a base.

Abstract: The invention is related to compounds according to the formula (I) and salts thereof, or mixtures of such compounds or of their salts, wherein the substituents have the meanings as defined in claim 1; these compounds are useful as fiber-reactive dyestuffs in dyeing and printing hydroxy-group-containing and nitrogen-containing organic substrates.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for preparing an azoiminoether hydrochloride which consists in reacting an azonitrile with an alcohol and hydrochloric acid in an aromatic solvent, wherein the molar ratio R=HCl/azonitrile is >2 when the alcohol is methanol and >3 when the alcohol is ethanol or a higher alcohol. The invention also concerns a method for preparing an azocarboxylic acid ester which consists in the synthesis of an azoiminoether hydrochloride by the inventive method and, hydrolysis in the presence of the resulting azoiminoether hydrochloride. Said methods enable to obtain liquid composition of azocarboxylic acid esters. The invention further concerns mixed azoiminoether salts of formula (II′). The invention also concerns mixed azoiminocarboxylic acid esters corresponding to the formula (III′).

Abstract: A water-insoluble monoazo dye represented by the following structural formula [I] having a crystal modification characterized by an X-ray diffraction pattern (CuK&agr;) showing one strong peak at a diffraction angle (2&thgr;) of 11.1±0.1° and also four intermediate peaks at 8.1±0.1°, 21.8±0.1°, 23.1±0.1° and 25.2±0.1°.

Abstract: C.I. Pigment Red 53:2 is obtained in new crystal modifications (epsilon, zeta, eta, theta, iota, kappa, lambda, nu, xi, omicron, pi and rho phases) by heating any other phase of this pigment in certain organic solvents and reprecipitating the pigment. The new crystal phases differ from one another in rheology and coloristics.

Abstract: Macroazo compounds, which comprise a repeating unit composed of a moiety of the formula (a), a (b) and a moiety of the formula (c) wherein X, E, Z and T are independently a lower alkylene group, R1, R2, R3 and R4 are independently a lower alkyl group or a cyano group, R5, R6, R7 and R8 are independently a lower alkyl group or an aryl group, and m and n are independently a positive integer, those moieties being bound with one another through a carboxylic acid ester linkage or a carboxylic acid amido linkage, make it possible, for instance, in a case of using the compound as a polymerization initiator, to produce easily and at high efficiency a block polymer containing both polyorganosiloxane units and polyoxyalkylene units in its molecule.

Abstract: Azo dyes containing sulphur dye entities as a constitutional component are dyes of valuable properties, in particular for the dyeing of leather.

Abstract: Dye mixtures comprising at least one dye of formulae ##STR1## wherein A is hydrogen or a substituent, R and R.sub.1 are hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, X is halogen and L is an aliphatic linking group containing 1 to 12 carbon atoms, are suitable for dyeing cellulosic fiber materials.

Abstract: An azo group-containing high molecular weight compound including --COHN--, an ester linkage, or an amido linkage and a monomer units of 10 to 1000 derived from .alpha.,.beta.-ethylenically unsaturated monomer is effective for producing a block copolymer having two or more polymer segments different in structure by one-step reaction.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of diazo pigment mixtures, which comprises condensing 2 mol of an azocarboxylic acid chloride of formula ##STR1## with 1 mol of a mixture of diamines of formulae ##STR2## at a molar ratio of II:III:IV from 0-30:5-60:40-95,the condensation and isolation of the product obtained being carried out by customary methods.The diazo pigment mixtures so obtained are distinguished by high color strength and chroma.