Abstract: This application relates to coating and inks compositions comprising starch derivatives, their uses and substrates comprising such compositions.

Abstract: Provided are a modified cellulose fiber-containing rubber composition and rubber composition for tires that are allowed to simultaneously achieve excellent rigidity, excellent tensile properties, and low energy loss by improving the dispersibility of the cellulose fiber in rubber, as well as a pneumatic tire formed from the rubber composition, having excellent handling stability, excellent rolling resistance properties, and excellent durability. The present invention relates to a modified cellulose fiber-containing rubber composition containing: a modified cellulose fiber (A) obtained by adding a C15 or higher cyclic polybasic acid anhydride (a) containing a hydrophobic group to a cellulose fiber through esterification; a dispersing polymer (B) having a softening point of 135° C. or lower; and a rubber component (C).

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing polysaccharide esters or polysaccharide mixed esters, in which a polysaccharide or a modified polysaccharide is converted with at least one esterification reagent and at least one halogenide component, an imidazole compound which is generated in situ being used as catalyst.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for coupling low-molecular weight substances to a starch-derived modified polysaccharide. The binding interaction between the modified polysaccharide and the low-molecular weight substance is based on a covalent bond which is the result of a coupling reaction between the terminal aldehyde group or a functional group of the modified polysaccharide molecule resulting from the chemical reaction of this aldehyde group and a functional group of the low-molecular weight substance which reacts with this aldehyde group or with the resulting functional group of the polysaccharide molecule. The bond directly resulting from the coupling reaction can be optionally modified by a further reaction to the aforementioned covalent bond. The invention further relates to pharmaceutical compositions that comprise conjugates formed in this coupling process and to the use of said conjugates and compositions for the prophylaxis or therapy of the human or animal body.

Abstract: Surface-treated carboxyalkylated polysaccharides comprising a biobased content of at least 82% are described herein. The surface-treated carboxyalkylated polysaccharides comprise a CRC of at least 18 g/g, a FSC of at least 26 g/g, and an AUL at 0.7 psi of at least 14 g/g. Processes for the manufacture of surface-treated carboxyalkylated polysaccharides are also described herein.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing polysaccharide esters or polysaccharide mixed esters, in which a polysaccharide or a modified polysaccharide is converted with at least one esterification reagent and at least one halogenide component, an imidazole compound which is generated in situ being used as catalyst.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel transglycosylation products and their preparation. The transglycosylation products according to the invention are prepared from starch derivatives, such as esters or ethers of starch. The products are obtained by reacting a starch derivative with an alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst. The forming product is separated by precipitation or by removing any unreacted alcohol by evaporation. In the products according to the invention the good properties of starch derivatives, such as the excellent water resistance of esters, are combined with the versatility of transglycoside products. The products can be used as adhesives, in which case they are formulated, for example as hot-melt adhesives, and as comonomers, prepolymers or macroinitiators in the preparation of polymers.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing transglycosylation products. According to the process, a starch derivative is reacted at acidic conditions with an alkanol containing 1-6 hydroxyl groups and the reaction product is recovered as such or it is subjected to further processing. According to the method, the transglycosylation reaction between the starch derivatives and the alkanol is carried out in a reactive extrusion process, whereby the reaction can essentially be performed in the absence of liquid media at high yield. The invention also relates to new transglycosylation products of starch derivative, containing anions derived from a phosphorus-containing acid, which are chemically bonded to the product.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a starch comprising a novel percentage of actual amylose. A grain comprising the starch is also embodied by the present invention. The present invention is also directed to a plant comprising the novel starch.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing a hydrophobic starch, comprising etherification, esterification or amidation of a root or tuber starch comprising at least 95 wt. % of amylopectin, based on dry substance of the starch, or a derivative thereof, with a substituent comprising an alkyl chain having from 4–24 carbon atoms. The invention further relates to a hydrophobic starch obtainable by said process.

Abstract: The invention relates to Siglec inhibitors that have an increased affinity for the receptor molecule. The Siglec inhibitors provided by the invention are preferably selective of a given Siglec molecule. The invention further relates to a method for producing Siglec inhibitors and to a method for increasing the binding selectivity for a given Siglec molecule. The invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions that contain the Siglec inhibitors and to medical indications for the Siglec inhibitors.

Abstract: The present invention relates to stilbene and quinone compounds related to combretastatin A-4 and their use as anticancer compounds and prodrugs. The compounds include those with an alkyl group on the double bond of cis or trans-stilbenes, compounds with one or more (and preferably 2 or 3) alkyl group substituents on the stilbene A ring, compounds with an alkoxy group other than methoxy at position 3, 4, and/or 5 of the stilbene A ring, compounds (or prodrugs) in which BOC amino acid esters are formed with the phenolic hydroxyl at the 3-position of the B ring and compounds (or prodrugs) based on a benzoquinone B ring. The present invention further relates to the photochemical reactions of stilbene compounds, either the above compounds disclosed for the first time herein or compounds based on prior art stilbenes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel compounds, the use of said compounds as a medicament as well as for the manufacture of a medicament for treatment of disorders relating to the binding of galectin to receptors in a mammal. Said galectin is preferably a galectin 3.

Abstract: The present invention provides glucopyranosyloxybenzylbenzene derivatives represented by the general formula: 1

Abstract: This invention relates to novel aldehyde containing compounds and their uses as adjuvants and immunoeffectors.

Abstract: Avilamycin derivatives, gene technology biosynthesis processes for their production, medications containing these compounds, as well as the use of these compounds for the production of a active agent against infectious diseases, as well as nucleic acids, proteins, and gene clusters and corresponding cells that are connected to the production of these avilamycin derivatives are disclosed.

Abstract: Cytotoxic agents bearing a polyethylene glycol (PEG) linking group having a terminal active ester, cytotoxic conjugates comprising one or more cytotoxic agents linked to a cell-binding agent via PEG linking groups, and methods for producing both are disclosed. A therapeutic composition comprising a therapeutically-effective amount of one of the cytotoxic conjugates of the present invention, and a method of killing selected cell populations comprising contacting target cells, or tissue containing target cells, with an effective amount of one of the cytotoxic conjugates, are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for preparing Laminaribiose comprising a step for glycoside binding between a donor and an acceptor of glycosyl. The invention is characterized in that the glycosyl donor is in pyranose form and corresponds to formula (II); the glycosyl acceptor is in furanose form and corresponds to formula (III); said binding step is performed in solution in an anhydrous organic solvent, at a temperature ranging between −80° C. and 40° C., for a time interval ranging between 1 minute and 8 hours, in the presence of a suitable promoter.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel pharmaceutically acceptable salts of anticonvulsant derivatives, processes for preparation of and pharmaceutical compositions containing said salts, useful in the treatment of epilepsy.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of a starch ester, in particular a starch acetate, wherein a starch-based feedstock is reacted with an organic carboxylic acid anhydride in the presence of a catalyst. The reaction of the starch-based feedstock and the anhydride is performed at an excess pressure of about 0.1 to 50 bar in an essentially anhydrous medium containing 10% by weight of water at the most. As catalyst, sodium acetate, sodium hydroxide or sulphuric acid is used, and as the reaction medium, acetic acid or excess acetanhydride is used. By means of the invention, the duration of the esterification reaction can be significantly shortened, the separation of the product can be facilitated, and the recirculation of the waste solutions can be rendered more efficient.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel caloporoside derivatives and method of their use. The caloporoside derivatives may be formed by fermentation of microorganisms, such as Gloeoporus dichrous (Fr.: Fr.) Bres. ST001714 (DSM 13784). The invention also relates to use to a process for preparing caloporoside derivatives, drugs comprising such compounds, and methods of their use. The invention further relates to the microorganism Gloeoporus dichrous Bres. ST001714 (DSM 13784).

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel caloporoside derivatives and method of their use. The caloporoside derivatives may be formed by fermentation of microorganisms, such as Gloeoporus dichrous (Fr.: Fr.) Bres. ST001714 (DSM 13784). The invention also relates to use to a process for preparing caloporoside derivatives, drugs comprising such compounds, and methods of their use. The invention further relates to the microorganism Gloeoporus dichrous Bres. ST001714 (DSM 13784).

Abstract: Disclosed are novel synthetic processes for the preparation of the trisaccharide &agr;Gal(1→3)&bgr;Gal(1→4)Glc-OR compounds.

Abstract: Polymers are derivatized and then may be introduced into a wellbore, such as in a hydraulic fracturing treatment. A polymer may be a guar powder that is mixed with a organic solvent and derivatized using a derivatizing agent, such as sodium chloroacetate. The polymer is typically derivatized in bulk prior to introduction into the wellbore. The derivatized polymer may be hydrated and/or crosslinked prior to introduction into the wellbore.

Abstract: The invention concerns a hydroxypropyl starch ester (HPS ester), compositions containing it, and a process for the preparation thereof. According to the invention, the molar substitution in the HPS ester is 2 at the most and the substitution degree in the ester group is at least 1. The HPS ester is prepared by hydroxypropylating a starch-containing base material in an aqueous alkanol medium. A starch component can be prepared of the HPS ester containing 90 to 60% by weight HPS ester and 10 to 40% by weight of a plasticizer. Compositions which are suited for, e.g., coating board or paper and for use as a component in labelling adhesives or paint, can be made from the starch component by combining it with auxiliaries known as such within the polymer and plastics technology.

Abstract: The invention covers a process to manufacture biodegradable starch esters which can be processed into extrudates, formed parts and sheeting. The starch is activated with a carboxylic acid/carboxylic anhydride mixture through partial swelling and the onsetting esterification reaction at simultaneous conversion of the water entrained in the starch and partially esterified with a carboxylic anhydride up to the desired degree of substitution with progressing swelling and disintegration.

Abstract: A method for producing starch solutions of high cation equivalent value with a DS of 0.1-1.0) is provided. The starch to be cationized is slurried to form a suspension of about 10-80% solids content in an aqueous mixture of a cationizing agent. In the cationization chlorohydrin-functional cationizing agent is used by about 90-1100 g per kg starch solids, and a catalyst is added to the slurry. The reaction is carried out at a high solids content of 40-80% in at least two steps, in the first of which a temperature of about 5-40° C. in maintained, and in the second step a temperature of about 70-180° C.

Abstract: High solids maltodextrin syrups, some of which are useful as the base for remoistenable adhesives, are prepared by a high solids alpha amylase enzyme conversion process. They are characterized by their high solids content (at least 55 wt. %) and light color. A granular chemically derivatized, optionally converted, starch having a degree of substitution of greater than about 0.01 and less than about 0.5 is used as the starting material. The maltodextrins have a reducing sugar content of about 5-19 dextrose equivalent and a distinct polymodal molecular weight distribution. When a granular highly esterified starch (D.S. of 0.5-1.8) is used as the starting material in the high solids process, the resulting enzyme-converted, esterified maltodextrins are characterized by their improved water dispersibility.

Abstract: Acylated carbohydrates with at least one carboxyalkyl group etherified with the carbohydrate of the following general formulaKH(--O--CHR.sub.1 --(CH.sub.2).sub.p --(COOH or COO.sup.-)).sub.n (--O--CO--R.sub.2).sub.m,wherein KH (carbohydrate) is a monosaccharide, disaccharide, trisaccharide or polysaccharide, and whereinif KH is a monosaccharide, then n=1 to 4 and m=1 to 4 with n+m=2 to 5;if KH is a disaccharide, then n=1 to 7 and m=1 to 7 with n+m=2 to 8;if KH is a trisaccharide, then n=1 to 10 and m=1 to 10 with n+m=2 to 11; andif KH is a polysaccharide, then n=0.2 to 2.8 and m=0.2 to 2.8 with n+m=0.4 to 3 (with polysaccharide referred to the monosaccharide unit of the KH), and whereinR1 is=H or a moiety with 1-9 carbon atoms, in particular an alkyl or acyl moiety, andR2 is a moiety with 1-9 carbon atoms, in particular an alkyl or acyl moiety, and wherein p=0 to 9.

Abstract: A method for preparing hydrophobic starch derivatives wherein starch and an anhydride are reacted in a slurry with the anhydride reagent being added to the slurry in pre-emulsified form to provide a significantly faster and more efficient reaction.

Abstract: Disclosed are aminated acetate fiber comprising acetylcellulose and one or more water-insoluble quaternary starch ether esters, said starch ether esters containing ester groups of formulae --O--CO--CH.sub.3 and/or --O--CO--C.sub.2 H.sub.5 and ether groups of the general formula I--O--CH.sub.2 --X--CH.sub.2 --N.sup.+ R.sub.3 A.sup.- (I)whereX is a direct bond or --CH(OH)-- andA.sup.- is an anion or one equivalent of an anion, andR is hydrogen, methyl and/or ethyl,and the degree of substitution of said ether group being within the range from 0.002 to 0.8, the degree of substitution of said ester group being within the range from 0.7 to 2.998 and the overall degree of substitution being within the range from 1.5 to 3, its preparation and its use and also quaternary starch ether esters present therein.

Abstract: The present invention relates to thermoplastic and biodegradable polysaccharide esters/polysaccharide ether esters, which are characterised in that they can be represented by the general structure ##STR1## wherein Polysaccharide-O represents the substituted OH groups of a polymeric saccharide unit and wherein A is a linear polyether chain of the following structureA=(E--O)nwherein E signifies a linear aliphatic or aromatic branched or unbranched chain having 2 to 11 C atoms, n is an integer equal to or greater than 0 and both B and D are a maleic acid addition product of the following structure ##STR2## wherein F is an aliphatic, saturated, monounsaturated or polyunsaturated carbon skeleton, which may optionally be provided with further substituents and wherein C can be a hydrogen atom, one or more substituents from the group dihydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl, hydroxybutyl, methyl, ethyl, benzyl, dihydroxypropyl, carboxyalkyl, sulphoalkyl or cyanoethyl.

Abstract: A process for producing a starch intermediate product in which the reactive hydroxy groups are activated by swelling and disintegrating starch with dilute aqueous-alkali lye, precipitating the disintegrated starch from an aqueous-alkali solution by adding a precipitant which is miscible with water, separating the precipitated disintegrated starch, which exists in a highly activated form, from the filtrate producing a starch intermediate product, and drying the starch intermediate product. A starch intermediate product produced by this process results in a starch which exists in a highly activated form but which is stable in storage.

Abstract: A method for the production of new derivatives of watersoluble cellulose ethers by the reaction of 100 parts by weight of a water-soluble cellulose ether with 3 to 30 parts by weight of C.sub.8-18 alkyl(ene) succinic acid anhydride, in the absence of water and under neutral or acid conditions at elevated temperature, until, in analytically detectable terms, 1 to 8% by weight, based on the cellulose ether, of alk(en)yl succinic acid has reacted with the cellulose molecule; the products of the method; and their use as thickners for aqueous surfactant solutions, dye dispersions, and for hydraulically setting building materials or their use as protective colloids or emulsifiers in the suspension polymerization of water-insoluble monomers in aqueous phase.

Abstract: 6-Iodoethylated starch and process for preparing the same are disclosed. The 6-idodethylated starch contains one iodine attached per 5 glucose units. Said compound is useful as a contrast agent for X-ray examination, especially for opacifying the vascular os lymphatic vessel. Said compound is produced by reacting 6-hydroxyethylated starch with N-iodosuccinimide in the presence of triphenylphosphine.

Abstract: The production rate and yield resulting from the dewatering of starch conversion products containing swollen starch granules resulting from treatments with cationic reagents is improved by the addition to the starch slurry of a water soluble anionic polymer.

Abstract: Novel C.sub.1 -C.sub.22 alkyl- and C.sub.3 -C.sub.22 alkenyl-sulfosuccinate starch half-esters are prepared by reacting a starch base or a modified starch base containing anionic, cationic, and/or nonionic substituent groups with about 0.1 to 100% by weight of the corresponding alkyl- or alkenyl-sulfosuccinic anhydride. The reaction is carried out at pH 5-9 and at 5.degree.-90.degree. C. for 0.5-20 hours or at pH 9-11 at 5.degree.-30.degree. C. for about 0.5-3 hours. This one-step method may also be used to prepare sulfosuccinate half-esters. The long chain derivatives (e.g. octyl-, octadecyl-, octenyl-, and dodecenyl-sulfosuccinate half-esters) are hydrophobic.

Abstract: Novel starch sulfomaleate half-esters are prepared by reacting a starch base or a modified starch containing anionic, cationic, and/or nonionic substituent groups with about 0.1 to 100% by weight of sulfomaleic anhydride or its salts. The reaction is carried out at pH 5-9 and at 5.degree.-90.degree. C. for 0.5-20 hours or at pH 9-11 and at 5.degree.-30.degree. C. for about 0.5-3 hours. The starch sulfomaleates may be reacted with sulfurous acid or its acid salts (e.g. sodium bisulfite) to form the novel starch disulfosuccinate.

Abstract: The invention relates to the carbonylation of cross linked substituted and unsubstituted polysaccharides, their copolymers with macroporous synthetic polymers, macroporous synthetic polymers and rigid supports with pendant hydroxyalkyl groups. The carbonylated product can be used to prepare an affinity chromatography matrix which remains an uncharged species at varying pH's. The carbonylated product is also useful for the preparation of other compounds: Typical polysaccharides are agarose, starch, dextran, cellulose and regenerated cellulose, typical macroporous synthetic polymers are acrylamides, acrylates and methacrylates, typical rigid supports are silica beads coated with hydroxy alkyl groups and typical cabonylating agents are N,N'-carbonyl diimidazole; N,N'carbonyl di-1,2,3-benzotriazole; and N,N'-carbonyl di-1,2,4-triazole.

Abstract: A highly absorbent material, especially suitable for use in absorbent disposable products such as sanitary towels and tampons, consisting of a substantially water-insoluble cross-linked gelatinized starch, in which the degree of substitution of the cross-linking groups is from 0.001 to 0.04, which is substituted by ionic groups which are associated with mono- or di-valent counterions, and which has a urine retention value of at least 6 g/g.

Abstract: A method for oven drying chemically modified cellulosic materials, especially fibers, having improved fluid absorbency involves incorporating into the cellulose structure while swollen an amphiphilic compound miscible with water which will not evaporate when the fiber is oven dried and will remain in the fiber to prevent collapse of the fiber as the water is removed. The improved method of drying the fibrous cellulosic material produces a product having saline absorbency about equal to that produced when the fibers are dried with a water-miscible solvent and avoids the use of volatile solvents and the disadvantages inherent therewith. The fibers provided by the invention are especially suitable for use in pads which are to be used for absorbing water and body fluids.

Abstract: Carbonylation of a polysaccharide and the product of that carbonylation. The carbonylated product can be used to prepare an affinity chromatography matrix which is an uncharged species of varying pH's. The carbonylated product is also useful for the preparation of other compounds. Typical polysaccharides are agarose, starch, dextran, cellulose and regenerated cellulose and typical carbonylating agents are N,N'-carbonyl diimidazole; N,N' carbonyl di-1,2,3-benzotriazole; and N,N'-carbonyl di-1,2,4-triazole.

Abstract: Starch is phosphorylated by a virtually pollution-free, continuous process whereby an aqueous reagent solution of a tripolyphosphate, orthophosphate or pyrophosphate salt or a mixture thereof is sprayed onto a moist starch cake on a rotary vacuum filter in an amount sufficient to achieve efficient impregnation of the starch cake without losing significant levels of salt to the effluent. In a preferred embodiment, the reagent solution contains alkali metal tripolyphosphate salt and is obtained by diluting a concentrated solution thereof. The thus-impregnated starch is subsequently dried and heat-reacted by known procedures to produce an orthophosphate starch monoester.

Abstract: A novel polymer consisting of a macromolecular polysaccharide matrix which is esterified in whole or in part by activated polyunsaturated acids containing twenty carbon atoms. Typical of these acids are, for example, 8, 11, 14-eicosatrienoic acid, 5, 8, 11, 14-eicosatetraenoic acid and 5, 8, 11, 14, 17-eicosapentenoic acid. These polymers are therapeutically useful products which have utility in the same fields of application as the prostaglandins but absent their adverse side effects.

Abstract: Starch ether derivatives are prepared by reacting a starch base with about 0.5-100% by weight of a neutralized alkyl ester of 3-chloro-2-sulfopropionic acid, based on dry starch, and then isolating the resultant starch derivative. The 2-sulfo-2-carboxyethyl starch ethers thus prepared may be utilized in many applications, and are particularly useful as wet-end additives in paper manufacturing at low pH.

Abstract: Starch is phosphorylated by an improved pollution-free process which involves forming a reagent solution of an alkali metal tripolyphosphate salt in water having 20- 36% by weight of the salt dissolved therein, forming a starch cake containing no more than 45% by weight moisture, adding 2 - 30% by weight of the tripolyphosphate salt reagent solution to the starch cake, and drying and heat-reacting the thus-impregnated starch. In this process more efficient impregnation of the starch is achieved. The impregnation is preferably effected in a centrifuge.

Abstract: A process and apparatus are described for producing modified starch products. In the method of the invention, a slurry of starch is continuously moved at elevated temperature and pressure through a tubular heating zone and the hot fluid mass emerging from the heating zone is forced through a flow restricting zone within which the fluid mass is highly compressed. This highly compressed fluid material emerges from the confining zone into a tubular reaction zone with a sudden release of energy in the form of a fine spray or mist. The compressive forces followed by the sudden energy release act on the starch molecules to temporarily greatly increase the reactivity of the starch within the reaction zone, whereby modified starch products are quickly formed.

Abstract: A polysaccharide or polyvinyl alcohol containing a mixture of nitrite ester groups with sulfate or nitrate ester groups with the mixture of ester groups being substantially uniformly distributed among the polymer units of the polysaccharide or polyvinyl alcohol.A nitrite ester of a polysaccharide alcohol having a degree of substitution of less than about 2.0. A nitrite ester of polyvinyl alcohol having a degree of substitution of 1.0 or less.

Abstract: Novel starch ether derivatives are prepared by reacting starch with 3-chloro-2-sulfopropionic acid. The resulting 2-sulfo-2-carboxyethyl starch ether derivatives find use in many applications, but are particularly useful as pigment retention aids in papermaking processes.

Abstract: A polysaccharide or polyvinyl alcohol containing a mixture of nitrite ester groups with sulfate or nitrate ester groups with the mixture of ester groups being substantially uniformly distributed among the polymer units of the polysaccharide or polyvinyl alcohol.A nitrite ester of a polysaccharide alcohol having a degree of substitution of less than about 2.0. A nitrite ester of polyvinyl alcohol having a degree of substitution of 1.0 or less.