Abstract: Starch is phosphorylated by a virtually pollution-free, continuous process whereby an aqueous reagent solution of a tripolyphosphate, orthophosphate or pyrophosphate salt or a mixture thereof is sprayed onto a moist starch cake on a rotary vacuum filter in an amount sufficient to achieve efficient impregnation of the starch cake without losing significant levels of salt to the effluent. In a preferred embodiment, the reagent solution contains alkali metal tripolyphosphate salt and is obtained by diluting a concentrated solution thereof. The thus-impregnated starch is subsequently dried and heat-reacted by known procedures to produce an orthophosphate starch monoester.

Abstract: A novel polymer consisting of a macromolecular polysaccharide matrix which is esterified in whole or in part by activated polyunsaturated acids containing twenty carbon atoms. Typical of these acids are, for example, 8, 11, 14-eicosatrienoic acid, 5, 8, 11, 14-eicosatetraenoic acid and 5, 8, 11, 14, 17-eicosapentenoic acid. These polymers are therapeutically useful products which have utility in the same fields of application as the prostaglandins but absent their adverse side effects.

Abstract: Starch is phosphorylated by an improved pollution-free process which involves forming a reagent solution of an alkali metal tripolyphosphate salt in water having 20- 36% by weight of the salt dissolved therein, forming a starch cake containing no more than 45% by weight moisture, adding 2 - 30% by weight of the tripolyphosphate salt reagent solution to the starch cake, and drying and heat-reacting the thus-impregnated starch. In this process more efficient impregnation of the starch is achieved. The impregnation is preferably effected in a centrifuge.

Abstract: A process and apparatus are described for producing modified starch products. In the method of the invention, a slurry of starch is continuously moved at elevated temperature and pressure through a tubular heating zone and the hot fluid mass emerging from the heating zone is forced through a flow restricting zone within which the fluid mass is highly compressed. This highly compressed fluid material emerges from the confining zone into a tubular reaction zone with a sudden release of energy in the form of a fine spray or mist. The compressive forces followed by the sudden energy release act on the starch molecules to temporarily greatly increase the reactivity of the starch within the reaction zone, whereby modified starch products are quickly formed.

Abstract: Water soluble and water swellable highly substituted polysaccharide derivatives are prepared in highly concentrated aqueous solutions under controlled reaction conditions. The resultant derivatives are produced efficiently and readily isolated in solid form.

Abstract: This invention is directed to aqueous compositions and to the process for preparing same which comprises a dispersion of polymeric resin binders and pigments in an aqueous system with a dispersant. The dispersant consists of half-esters of starch derived from (a) low molecular weight hydrolyzed starch having a plurality of anhydroglucose units or a derivative of said starch and (b) at least about 0.25 mole of at least one cyclic anhydride of a polycarboxylic acid for each anhydroglucose unit of the hydrolyzed starch and/or its derivatives.These half-ester starch dispersants are characterized as having pendant carboxyl groups and average molecular weights ranging up to about 100,000 with a high degree of substitution, i.e. wherein on an average of about 0.25 to 3.0 of the hydroxyl groups of each anhydroglucose unit are esterified. The unreacted carboxyl groups pendant from the backbone of the starch esters may be further reacted, i.e.

Abstract: Highly substituted granular starches are prepared by reacting the starch in an aqueous system with a reagent capable of producing an acetal cross-linkage; reacting the resultant acetal cross-linked starch with a mono-functional esterifying or etherifying reagent under aqueous alkaline conditions and removing the acetal cross-linkages by treating under acid conditions. The highly substituted starches are particularly useful in operations, such as papermaking, wherein the cross-linkages can be removed and the starch readily dispersed during a relatively low pH starch cooking process.

Abstract: Hydroxypropyl starch acetate having a degree of molecular substitution of hydroxypropyl radicals of about 3 to about 6 and a degree of substitution of acetyl groups of about 0.5 to about 0.9. The gum is dispersible in cold water, has good elasticity, excellent mouth feel, and excellent chewing quality.

Abstract: Water-soluble menthol glycosides are prepared by condensing menthol with a mono- or oligosaccharide, preferably a mono- or di-saccharide, i.e., a sugar, or acyl derivative thereof, using a condensing agent or catalyst as needed. These glycosides are hydrolyzed by carbohydrase enzymes, as occur in the human mouth, or common acids, releasing menthol, and provide a more persistent flavor than menthol alone.

Abstract: Root and root-type starch derivatives having controlled acetyl substitution levels which provide an initial high paste viscosity to facilitate uniform filling operations when used as a food canning medium, and which break down to a thinner viscosity upon heating to facilitate heat penetration into the canned food mass for sterilization of the canned food product and to provide a more acceptable watery or soup-like consistency to the food product. The thinning phenomenon is accomplished without the requirement of adding any separate hydrolyzing or thinning agent such as an acid or enzyme. It is presently thought that these acetylated starch derivatives are capable of self-hydrolysis under the retort conditions of pH and temperature, and that this auto-hydrolytic thinning action during heating of the pasted product is sufficient to thin the starch derivative canning media partially or completely, as desired.

Abstract: Aqueous slurries or dispersions of starch are reacted with N,N'-disubstituted imidazolium salts under controlled conditions to yield starch esters. The starch ester derivatives can also be prepared by a reaction in non-aqueous solvents.

Abstract: A reactive matrix comprises a co-enzyme chemically attached to a water insoluble organic polymeric support material. The reactive matrix may be used in a process for the separation of mixtures containing a plurality of enzymes.

Abstract: A reactive matrix comprises a co-enzyme chemically attached to a water insoluble organic polymeric support material. The reactive matrix may be used in a process for the separation of mixtures containing a plurality of enzymes.

Abstract: A reactive matrix comprises a co-enzyme chemically attached to a water insoluble organic polymeric support material. The reactive matrix may be used in a process for the separation of mixtures containing a plurality of enzymes.

Abstract: A reactive matrix comprises a co-enzyme chemically attached to a water insoluble organic polymeric support material. The reactive matrix may be used in a process for the separation of mixtures containing a plurality of enzymes.

Abstract: A reactive matrix comprises a co-enzyme chemically attached to a water insoluble organic polymeric support material. The reactive matrix may be used in a process for the separation of mixtures containing a plurality of enzymes.

Abstract: This invention is directed to mixed esters of starch and to the method of preparing and the use of said starch esters which are derived from (a) low molecular weight hydrolyzed starch having a plurality of anhydroglucose units and (b) at least about 0.5 mole of acylating agent per anhydroglucose unit consisting of mono- and polycarboxylic acid anhydrides and acyl halides. These anionic esters of starch with average molecular weights ranging up to 100,000 are characterized as having a high degree of substitution, i.e. ranging up to 3.0 wherein at least about 0.1 of the total degree of substitution consist of ester groups having pendant carboxyl radicals derived from anhydrides of polycarboxylic acids.

Abstract: A reactive matrix comprises a co-enzyme chemically attached to a water insoluble organic polymeric support material. The reactive matrix may be used in a process for the separation of mixtures containing a plurality of enzymes.

Abstract: Novel hydrogel compositions of diester crosslinked polyglucans and a process for their preparation are provided. Amylose, dextran, and pullulan succinates and glutarates when crosslinked as described were found to not only have use as general fluid sorbants but also to have exceptional hemostatic activity, adherence to a wound, and bioabsorption without causing undue irritation of the tissue or toxic effects. Reticulated hydrogel sponges made of the crosslinked diesters which are particularly useful as general fluid sorbants, and those of amylose succinate and amylose glutarate are most excellent bioabsorbable hemostatic agents. The sponges are made by lyophilizing water-soluble salts of the mono- or half-esters, such as water-soluble salts of amylose succinate or amylose glutarate, under process conditions of the invention in the presence of a reticulating agent which causes a controlled melting of the salt solution as it nears the dry state during the lyophilizing step.

Abstract: Alkenyl halolactone esters of monools and polyols are described. These materials are useful as lubricating oil detergency and/or dispersancy additives.