Abstract: The present invention provides N- and O-substituted aminophenol derivatives of the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, G and L are as hereinbefore defined. The present invention also provides intermediates for the preparation of these aminophenol derivatives of general formula (I), as well as the use of the aminophenol derivatives of general formula (I) for the determination of hydrolases, as well as for the preparation of agents for carrying out determinations of hydrolysis.

Abstract: The process of the invention relates to a process for the preparation of a ganglioside mixture, free from contaminants associated with non-conventional, life-threatening viruses, without altering the biological and pharmacological characteristics of the mixture on the central and peripheral nervous systems.

Abstract: Ascosteroside, obtainable by cultivation of a strain of Ascotricha amphitricha A.T.C.C. No. 74237, analogs thereof and salts and prodrugs of these compounds. The compounds have antifungal activity for use in a method for treating and preventing a fungal infection. Further, the compounds are useful in a method for inhibiting fungal growth.

Abstract: A crystalline lactitol monohydrate having lattice cell constants a =7.815.+-.0.008 .ANG., b=12.682.+-.0.008 .ANG., and c=15.927.+-.0.008 .ANG., and a melting range between 90.degree. and 105.degree. C., and a water content between 4.85 and 5.15%, as well as a process of preparing said crystalline lactitol monohydrate by evaporating the aqueous solution of lactitol to a concentration between 75 and 88% by weight, cooling the resultant mixture at a temperature ranging between 30 and 75.degree. C., subsequently separating the lactitol monohydrate crystals from the mother liquor, and subsequently drying with air having a temperature between 120.degree. C., and a relative humidity between 0 and 40%, for a time period less than 24 hours.

Abstract: The Antibiotic Complex AB-023 and its components: Antibiotic AB-023a and ibiotic AB-023b are disclosed, which are obtained by the controlled aerobic culture of Streptomyces sp. NCIMB 40212 in an aqueous nutrient culture substrate. Antibiotics AB-023 display a biological activity against pathogen fungi which attack agricultural crops and man.

Abstract: A process for producing a starch intermediate product in which the reactive hydroxy groups are activated by swelling and disintegrating starch with dilute aqueous-alkali lye, precipitating the disintegrated starch from an aqueous-alkali solution by adding a precipitant which is miscible with water, separating the precipitated disintegrated starch, which exists in a highly activated form, from the filtrate producing a starch intermediate product, and drying the starch intermediate product. A starch intermediate product produced by this process results in a starch which exists in a highly activated form but which is stable in storage.

Abstract: Chemically modified succinoglycan polysaccharides, e.g., acidic or enzymatic hydrolysates, have a reduced content of pyruvic acid and succinic acid structural units relative to the unmodified such succinoglycans, and are well suited, whether in fibrous, powdery or gel state, for use, e.g., as thickening stabilizing or suspending agents, in foodstuff, cosmetic and a variety of other compositions.

Abstract: An exercise regimen which enhances exercise endurance and performance. The regimen includes pre-exercise hydration with a glycerol solution combined with hydration during exercise with a glycerol based solution to prolong hydration effects. The first pre-exercise glycerol solution regimen begins 2 hours prior to exercise and ends 1/2 hour before exercise begins. The hydration during exercise regimen combines glycerol with a carbohydrate and sodium to prolong fluid retention.

Abstract: Functionalized monomers are presented which can be used in the fabrication of molecular films for controlling adhesion, detection of receptor-ligand binding and enzymatic reactions; new coatings for lithography; and for semiconductor materials. The monomers are a combination of a ligand, a linker, optionally including a polymerizable group, and a surface attachment group. The processes and an apparatus for making films from these monomers, as well as methods of using the films are also provided.

Abstract: 2-O-.alpha.-D-Glucopyranosyl-L-ascrobic acid is crystallizable in its supersaturated solution. Crystalline 2-O-.alpha.-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid is substantially nonhygroscopic, free flowing, free of deliquescence, consolidation and direct reducing activity, but is readily soluble in water. Because of these characteristics, crystalline 2-O-.alpha.-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid is handleable with an ease, and superiorly high in stability and physiological activities. Thus, crystalline 2-O-.alpha.-D-glucopyranosyl-L-acorbic acid is favorably useful in vitamin C-enriching agents, foodstuffs, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.

Abstract: Diterpenes of the formula I ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 is --CH.sub.2 --C(CH.sub.3).dbd.CH--R.sup.3 or --CH.sub.2 --CH(CH.sub.3)--CH.sub.2 --R.sup.3,R.sup.3 is --CH.sub.2 OH, --CHO, --COOH or --COOR.sup.4,R.sup.4 is alkyl having 1 to 5 C atoms,A is ##STR2## and R.sup.2 is H, pentoses, hexoses, di-/oligosaccharides or amino sugars,are suitable for production of medicaments having immunomodulatory action, in particular stimulating T-cells.

Abstract: Modified yeast cell wall glucans are administered to patients who are at risk for infection due to imminent surgery, chemotherapy or other treatment which affects the immune system, in order to mobilize the cellular defense mechanisms and boost the immune response of the patient before, during and after the surgery, chemotherapy or other treatment.

Abstract: The use of a hydroxyethyl starch specification with a molecular weight M.sub.W of 110,000 to 150,000, a substitution level MS of 0.38 to 0.5, a substitution level DS of 0.32 to 0.45, and a C.sub.2 /C.sub.6 ratio from 8 to 20 for improvement of microcirculation in a peripheral arterial circulation disorder, in particular in already existing peripheral arterial occlusive disease in Stage II according to Fontaine. This hydroxyethyl starch specification can be used in suitable concentrations, e.g., as 6 wt.-% or 10 wt.-% solution, whereby these solutions optionally contain conventional adjuvants and additives.

Abstract: A method of assaying for glycosyltransferase activity in a sample. In a first step, a sample is reacted with a first sugar donor and an acceptor substrate to produce a transferase product. The first sugar donor and acceptor substrate are selected such that the sugar from the first sugar donor is capable of being transferred to the acceptor substrate in the presence of the glycosyltransferase to be assayed. In a second step, the transferase product is reacted with a second sugar donor having a sugar which is labelled with a labelling agent and an enzyme which is capable of transferring the sugar from the second sugar donor to the transferase product to produce a labelled transferase product and which has a higher affinity for the glycosyltransferase product compared to the affinity of the glycosyltransferase for the acceptor substrate. The labelling agent activity of the labelled transferase product or unreacted second sugar donor is assayed to determine transferase activity in the sample.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing a surface-crosslinked, modified polysaccharide having improved absorption properties. The method involves forming a mixture of water and a crosslinking agent, adding a generally water-soluble, modified polysaccharide to said mixture wherein the surface of the polysaccharide becomes crosslinked, and drying the modified polysaccharide. Also described is a surface-crosslinked, modified polysaccharide having improved absorption properties.

Abstract: The present invention relates to water-resistant, thermoplastic starch materials processable into environmentally safe, thermoplastically produced products and cast sheets, which consist of starch acyl compounds, obtainable from high amylose starches and the derivatives thereof and being sparingly soluble in water, and of plasticizers which like ethyl citrate, glycerol acetate and lactic acid ester have a gelatinizing effect and preferably a dissolution property resulting in brilliant transparence and, as can be proved, are biodegradable.

Abstract: A composition adapted to convert hydrogen sulfide and organic sulfides to nontoxic polymers. The compositions comprise amine resin solutions made by reacting sterically hindered amines such as selected diamines, triamines, amino alcohols, and mixtures thereof, with aldehydes, aldehyde donors, or the reaction products of lower alkanolamines and lower aldehydes. The subject compositions are preferably made by reacting the sterically hindered amines and aldehyde components in about a 1:1 molar ratio at a temperature ranging from about 110.degree. to about 120.degree. F. (about 43.degree. to about 49.degree. C.), using enough of the sterically hindered amine to produce a reaction product having a pH ranging from about 10.5 to about 12. Streams containing hydrogen sulfide or organic sulfides are preferably treated by contacting such streams with from about 2 to about 4 ppm of the amine solution of the invention per ppm of sulfide.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a series of silicone containing glycosides prepared by the reaction of a silanol with a reducing saccharide, or a source of reducing saccharide, in the presence of a suitable catalyst. The invention also relates to the application of these novel compounds in personal care compositions for use on hair and skin.

Abstract: The present invention provides an assay method for hemicellulases comprising a) directly dyeing, using a reactive dye, an insoluble natural product, or a modified form of a natural fibre material; and b) adding the enzyme to the dyed product produced in step a) and, after a specific incubation period, separating the liquid component from the insoluble dyed product, e.g. by a simple filtration, and determining the amount of dyestuff liberated in the the separated solution by spectrophotometric means. A combined mixing and dispensing device for use in the method of the present invention is also provided.

Abstract: A polysaccharide substance having the following formula is provided: ##STR1## Also provided is a method of producing the polysaccharide substance in which an oligosaccharide having a degree of polymerization from 3 to 10 is chemically bonded to a silane agent at the reducing terminal of the resultant oligosaccharide, the oligosaccharide compound is then polymerized to an average degree of polymerization from 11 to 500 in the presence of an enzyme. Another method for producing the polysaccharide substance is provided in which an aldehyde group at the reducing terminal of an oligosaccharide having a degree of polymerization from 3 to 10 is oxidized with an oxidizing agent, and the saccharide chain of the oxidized product is polymerized to a degree of polymerization from 11 to 500 in the presence of an enzyme, followed by the addition of an acid. The polysaccharide substance has excellent solvent resistance and is useful as a separating agent for chromatography, especially for the separation of chiral compounds.

Abstract: A process for highly regioselective esterification and ester cleavage on unsaturated sugar compounds with the aid of lipases and esterases, and products which can be prepared by this process.Highly regioselective esterifications and ester cleavages can be carried out on unsaturated sugar compounds with the aid of lipases and esterases. Lipases from microorganisms or from the pancreas and liver of animals are preferably used.

Abstract: A process for differentially determining .alpha.-amylase isoenzyme activities by the inhibitor method, in which 6.sup.3 -deoxymaltotriose (DOG3) represented by the formula ##STR1## is used as an inhibitor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel crystalline anhydrous lactitol, a process for the preparation thereof, and the use thereof. The novel crystalline anhydrous lactitol belongs to the monoclinic crystal system and has the unit cell constants: (a)=7.614 A; (b)=10.757 A; (c)=9.370 A and .beta.=108.2.degree.. Its melting point is between 149.degree. C. and 152.degree. C., water content below 0.5% and lactitol content more than 99%; it has a low hygroscopicity.

Abstract: A composition adapted to convert hydrogen sulfide and organic sulfides to nontoxic polymers. The compositions comprise amine resin solutions made by reacting sterically hindered amines such as selected diamines, triamines, amino alcohols, and mixtures thereof, with aldehydes, aldehyde donors, or the reaction products of lower alkanolamines and lower aldehydes. The subject compositions are preferably made by reacting the sterically hindered amines and aldehyde components in about a 1:1 molar ratio at a temperature ranging from about 110.degree. to about 120.degree. F. (about 43.degree. to about 49.degree. C.), using enough of the sterically hindered amine to produce a reaction product having a pH ranging from about 10.5 to about 12. Streams containing hydrogen sulfide or organic sulfides are preferably treated by contacting such streams with from about 2 to about 4 ppm of the amine solution of the invention per ppm of sulfide.

Abstract: A composition is disclosed that is adapted to convert hydrogen sulfide and organic sulfides to nontoxic polymers. The compositions comprise amine resin solutions made by reacting sterically hindered amines such as amine heads with aldoses selected from the group consisting of D-aldoses having from 3 to 6 carbon atoms. Streams containing hydrogen sulfide or organic sulfides are preferably treated by contacting such streams with from about 2 to about 4 ppm or more of the amine solution of the invention per ppm of sulfide.

Abstract: A substantially purified arabinogalactan, its degradative products and selected modifications thereof have been found to act as carriers for delivering therapeutic agent to cell receptors capable of receptor mediated endocytosis (RME). The arabinogalactan and its degrative products once derivatived are capable of forming a complex between the therapeutic agent and the polysaccharide such that the complex retains the ability to recognize and bind to the RME receptor.

Abstract: A method for orally inducing and enhancing the absorption of calcium into mammalian bone tissue comprises the administration of an effective dose of a flavonol aglycone glycoside in combination with nutritional calcium. Various herbal sources are shown. Potassium gluconate may be added to the system as an adjuvant.

Abstract: A novel pseudoceramide which has improved dispersibility in aqueous solutions and which can be produced by an economical manufacturing process. The process for producing new pseudoceramides and cosmetic compositions containing the new pseudoceramides are also disclosed.

Abstract: An immunoactive composition comprising particles containing inulin or an inulin derivative in the gamma polymorphic form, an antigen-binding carrier material and optionally an immune modulator such as an antigenic materials or a cytokine. The compositions provide methods for enhancing immune responses. A process for preparation of the compositions is also considered.

Abstract: An oligosaccharide lipid is provided which has 2 to 20 saccharide units, and has a hydrophobic group linked by an ether linkage to an anomer carbon on a reducing end group. A stabilizer for a phospholipid vesicle is also provided which comprises an oligosaccharide derivative having 2 to 20 saccharide units, and having a hydrophobic group linked by an amide linkage or an ether linkage to an anomer carbon on a reducing end group constituted of an aldose.

Abstract: Raw starch which has been treated with an emulsifying agent during a wash step, such as during refining, is alkali-treated, washed to remove flavor, crosslinked, neutralized, gelatinized and dried to give instant starch useful for instant puddings and mixes.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing a surface-crosslinked, modified polysaccharide having improved absorption properties. The method involves forming a mixture of water and a crosslinking agent, adding a generally water-soluble, modified polysaccharide to said mixture wherein the surface of the polysaccharide becomes crosslinked, and drying the modified polysaccharide. Also described is a surface-crosslinked, modified polysaccharide having improved absorption properties.

Abstract: The carbonyl group at the 2-position of levoglucosenone is reduced to obtain a hydroxyl group having a .beta.-configuration. The hydroxyl group having a .beta.-configuration is reversed to an .alpha.-configuration, and hydroxyl groups are added at the 3- and 4-positions in a cis-.alpha. form. Finally, the protective group of the hydroxyl group at the 2-position is eliminated. The reduction of the carbonyl group at the 2-position can be performed such that the levoglucosenone is reacted with aluminum lithium hydride or sodium boron hydride in an appropriate solvent. Reversion of the hydroxyl group having a .beta.-configuration can be performed by the Mitsunobu method or a method having a mesylation step and a step using cesium acetate. The addition of the hydroxyl groups to the 3-and 4-positions in the cis form can be performed by oxidizing the double bond across the 3- and 4-positions with an appropriate oxidizing agent.

Abstract: Process for splitting off .DELTA..sup.4 -unsaturated uronic acid from glycosaminoglycan, in which the glycosaminoglycan is treated with an iodine solution or with a bleaching reagent, or with a combination thereof.

Abstract: A process for preparing high detergency or surfactant alkyl polyglycoside compositions and a purified alkyl monoglycoside and to compositions employing the polyglycosides for various end use applications. The process involves removal of a substantial portion of the monoglycoside present in a reaction product mixture containing alkyl polyglycosides resulting from the reaction of an alcohol and saccharide at elevated temperatures in the presence of an acid catalyst. Separation of the monoglycoside from the reaction product mixture may be carried out by molecular distillation.

Abstract: The invention describes the preparation and use of fluorescent stains for nucleic acids derived from unsymmetrical cyanine dyes. In particular, the invention describes unsymmetrical cyanine dyes having a saturated or unsaturated cyclic substituent. The dyes of the invention possess superior fluorescent characteristics when complexed with nucleic acids, and have utility in any application which requires detection of nucleic acids. The presence of the cyclic substituent results in improved permeability in a wide range of living cells, resulting in improved detection of intracellular nucleic acids.

Abstract: 2-O-.alpha.-D-Glucopyranosyl-L-ascrobic acid is crystallizable in its supersaturated solution. Crystalline 2-O-.alpha.-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid is substantially nonhygroscopic, free flowing, free of deliquescence, consolidation and direct reducing activity, but is readily soluble in water. Because of these characteristics, crystalline 2-O-.alpha.-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid is handleable with an ease, and superiorly high in stability and physiological activities. Thus, crystalline 2-O-.alpha.-D-glucopyranosyl-L-acorbic acid is favorably useful in vitamin C-enriching agents, foodstuffs, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.

Abstract: A continuous method of bleaching an alkylpolyglycoside, substantially free of alcohol, with peroxy compounds, preferably hydrogen peroxide, which is highly efficient to provide an unexpected high degree of color reduction from a dark brown to a light, which product, from an extinction coefficient color respectively of about 10 to about 15 to about 0.025 to about 0.15. The bleaching is carried out at controlled pH and temperature, under pressure preferably in the presence of Mg. The use of a prebleached heel or feed prior to introduction of the unbleached material to be bleached results in a faster approach to equilibrium, steady state, bleaching conditions which results in minimum chemical usage and more rapid production of low color.

Abstract: A method for preparing a low caloric dextrin of which caloric value is not more than 280 kcal/100 g is provided using a pyrodextrin prepared by heating a starch to which mineral acid is added. The method comprising the steps of dissolving a pyrodextrin into water, and reacting alpha-amylase on the dextrin.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a series of silicone containing glycosides prepared by the reaction of a hydroxy containing dimethicone copolyol with a reducing saccharide, or a source of reducing saccharide, in the presence of a suitable catalyst. The invention also relates to the application of these novel compounds in personal care compositions for use on hair and skin.

Abstract: Anti-inflammatory compounds are useful, for example, in treating arthritis and heart attack patients. Novel oligosaccharides useful in the rapid synthesis of certain anti-inflammatory compounds are disclosed, as is a rapid method of synthesizing the oligosaccharides. Low pH can loosen the acceptor specificity of galactosyltransferase (lactose synthase: EC 2.4.1.22 ), allowing the rapid synthesis of novel oligosaccharides. The disaccharides cellobiose (.beta.1.fwdarw.4) , laminaribiose (.beta.1.fwdarw.3) , gentiobiose (.beta.1.fwdarw.6) and maltose (.alpha.1.fwdarw.4) acted as acceptors for lactose synthase under low pH conditions. From these four acceptors, the following four novel trisaccharides were synthesized: Gal.sub.p (.beta.1.fwdarw.4)Glc.sub.p (.beta.1.fwdarw.3)-Glc, Gal.sub.p (.beta.1.fwdarw.4)Glc.sub.p (.beta.1.fwdarw.4)-Glc, Gal.sub.p (.beta.1.fwdarw.4)Glc.sub.p (.beta.1.fwdarw.6)-Glc and Gal.sub.p (.beta.1.fwdarw.4)Glc.sub.p (.alpha.1.fwdarw.4)Glc.

Abstract: The invention relates to the synthesis of 6-deoxykermesates, 6-deoxykermesic acid, and carminic acid, based on a reaction of a 2-halogenonapthazarin with a bis-trimethylsilyl-diene.

Abstract: The invention relates to the prehydrolysis of lignocellulose by passing an acidic or alkaline solution through solid lignocellulosic particles with removal of soluble components as they are formed. The technique permits a less severe combination of pH, temperature and time than conventional prehydrolysis. Furthermore, greater extraction of both hemicellulose and lignin occurs simultaneously in the same reactor and under the same conditions.

Abstract: A polycationic system for the removal of polyanions from a fluid medium is formed by, first, activating a biocompatible hydroxylated support with an organic sulfonyl chloride, such as p-toluene-sulfonyl chloride, in the presence of a dialkylamino pyridine activation catalyst, such as 4-dimethylamino-pyridine (DMAP). The activated support is then reacted with a polymer having a polyamide backbone with pendent alkyl amine groups, such as poly-L-lysine (PLL), to form C--N bonds between an activated carbon from the hydroxylated polymer and an amine group from the polymeric polyamide. Finally, any unreacted activated sites on the hydroxylated polymer are capped or removed with an effective amount of capping agent such as a mercapto (--SH), hydroxy (--OH) or amino (--NH.sub.2) containing compound which reacts with the unreacted activated sites. The pendent alkyl amines on the polyamide backbone exist, at the appropriate pH, as polycations.

Abstract: The invention concerns C-glycosylated derivatives of soft carbon nucleophile compounds, particularly compounds which contain acid-labile structural units. The invention further concerns a mild, cost-effective, non-hazardous and stereoselective method of general application employing a glycal as a glycosyulating agent and iodine as a catalyst for the preparation of C-glycosylated soft carbon nucleophile compounds.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of preparing D-altrose (4) from the starting material levo-glucosenon (1) in accordance with reactions denoted by reaction formulas (I), (II) and (III) given below: ##STR1##

Abstract: There are described novel glycosides of catechol estrogen, a method of preparing the same, and a medicament comprising one of the glycosides as an active ingredient. The glycosides are shown by the formula of ##STR1## wherein X is carbonyl group or ##STR2## R.sub.10 is hydroxyl group or glycosyloxy group, and R.sub.2 is a hydrogen atom or ethynyl group; R.sub.11 is a hydrogen atom, hydroxyl group, or glycosyloxy group; R.sub.12 is hydroxyl group or glycosyloxy group; and R.sub.13 is hydroxyl group or glycosyloxy group,in which glycosyloxy group is selected from the group consisting of glucosyloxy, galactosyloxy, mannosyloxy, arabinosyloxy, ribosyloxy, xylosyloxy, fructosyloxy, rhamnosyloxy, fucosyloxy, maltosyloxy, cellobiosyloxy, lactosyloxy, sucrosyloxy, maltotriosyloxy, maltotetraosyloxy, maltopentaosyloxy, maltohexaosyloxy, maltoheptaosyloxy, and sialosyloxy, and in this case, at least one of R.sub.10, R.sub.11, R.sub.12, and R.sub.13 is glycosyloxy group as defined above.

Abstract: The subject of the invention is a surface-active composition, comprising a bolaamphiphile or bolaform chemical compound, containing a linear or branched, hydrophobic carbon chain at the two ends of which are arranged two hydrophilic portions or head group groups, corresponding to the following general formula:R A E A Rin which:E represents the carbon chain, containing at least six carbon atoms, optionally interrupted by at least one aromatic, or heterocyclic, or functional groupA is a bonding functional groupR is a residue of a reducing glucide containing a linear or cyclized chain, or of a derivative of the said glucide, bonded directly or indirectly via one of its aldehyde or ketone functional groups, or derived functional group, to the functional group A.The invention also relates to their applications as components of surface-active agents and vesicular agents, and to a process for their preparation.

Abstract: An exercise regimen which enhances exercise endurance and performance. The regimen includes pre-exercise hydration with a glycerol solution combined with hydration during exercise with a glycerol based solution to prolong hydration effects. The first pre-exercise glycerol solution regimen begins 2 hours prior to exercise and ends 1/2 hour before exercise begins. The hydration during exercise regimen combines glycerol with a carbohydrate and sodium to prolong fluid retention.

Abstract: A process of preparing N-substituted aldonamides, the process including the steps of mixing and reacting an aldonolactone and an amine in an organic polar solvent, in the presence of an antioxidant and a reducing agent. The aldonamides have improved color; the discoloration or browning of the aldonamides upon storage or elevated temperature processing is eliminated or substantially minimized.