Abstract: The invention describes the preparation and use of fluorescent stains for nucleic acids derived from neutral unsymmetrical cyanine dyes comprising a substituted benzazolium ring system linked to a methine bridge to a pyridine or quinoline ring system. The fluorescence characteristics of the dyes when complexed with nucleic acids give the dyes utility for the detection of oligonucleotides and nucleic acids in cells, gels and solutions. The dyes have particular utility in the staining of reticulocytes.

Abstract: Substantially pure capsular polysaccharide obtained from Vibrio cholerae Bengal serogroup-O139, capsular polysaccharide-protein conjugates thereof, and antibodies having binding specificity to said capsular polysaccharide.

Abstract: Glyco-amino acids and glycopeptides having three-dimensionally stable configurations are described. These glyco-amino acids and glycopeptides have glycoside functional groups, such as fucose and analogues and derivatives thereof, covalently bound to an amino acid or peptide having a free carboxylic group or sulfate group in an orientation that facilitates the binding between these groups and selectin receptors. The present glyco-amino acids and glycopeptides may be used in the treatment of selectin-mediated disorders, such as inflammation, autoimmune disease and cancer.

Abstract: The invention concerns new indophenyl-substituted maltose derivatives, their use for the determination of the enzymatic activity of .alpha.-amylase and reagents for the determination of .alpha.-amylase which contain the new indophenyl-substituted maltose derivatives as the enzyme substrate.

Abstract: What is disclosed is a dicarboxylic acid oxidation product of a immunologically reactive mono- or a polysaccharide having vicinal diols.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel crystalline maltitol composition which essentially exhibits a porous and honeycombed structure and which possesses a very high degree of maltitol purity and a low density.This composition possesses outstanding functional properties, making its use particularly recommended for manufacturing tablets or various powders to be dissolved in water.The invention also relates to a novel process for enabling the crystalline maltitol composition to be manufactured.

Abstract: An improved, water-soluble polydextrose containing 0.3 mol % or less of bound citric acid, a process therefor, and foods containing same.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of aldobionamides directly from an aldobionic acid starting material, in which an aldobionic acid is reacted by removing water by azeotropic distillation to obtain an aldobionolactone. The aldobionolactone can then be reacted with amines without further purification or isolation steps to obtain the aldobionamide.

Abstract: Sugar alcohols can be prepared from the corresponding sugars by catalytic hydrogenation in aqueous solution with hydrogen, the hydrogenation being carried out continuously at a hydrogen pressure of 100 to 400 bar and a reaction temperature of 40.degree. to 80.degree. C. on support-free shaped bodies which are arranged in a fixed bed and are composed of pressed powders of alloys of the elements of the iron sub group of sub group VIII of the Periodic Table of the Elements containing elements of sub group VI. The shaped bodies have a compressive strength of 20 to 250 N and an internal surface area of 10 to 80 m.sup.2 /g.

Abstract: The sugar alcohols mentioned as title compounds can be prepared from the corresponding sugars by catalytic hydrogenation in aqueous solution with hydrogen, the hydrogenation being carded out continuously at a hydrogen pressure of 100 to 400 bar and a reaction temperature of 40.degree. to 80.degree. C. on support-free shaped bodies which are arranged in a fixed bed and are composed of pressed powders of alloys of the elements of the iron sub group of sub group VIII of the Periodic Table of the Elements containing elements of sub group VI. The shaped bodies have a compressive strength of 20 to 250 N and an internal surface area of 10 to 80 m.sup.2 /g.

Abstract: A preventive agent against infectious diseases of crustacea, which comprises a glucan having a main chain consisting essentially of beta-1,3-glucopyranosyl residues and/or mycelia of the glucan-producible fungus as an effective component.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods that permit the rapid construction of oligosaccharides and other glycoconjugates. Methods for forming multiple glycosidic linkages in solution in a single step are disclosed. The invention takes advantage of the discovery that the relative reactivity of glycoside residues containing anomeric sulfoxides and nucleophilic functional groups can be controlled. In another aspect of the invention, the reactivity of activated anomeric sugar sulfoxides is utilized in a solid phase method for the formation of glycosidic linkages. The methods disclosed may be applied to the preparation of specific oligosaccharides and other glycoconjugates, as well as to the preparation of glycosidic libraries comprising mixtures of various oligosaccharides, including glycoconjugates, which can be screened for biological activity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel thermoplastic, biodegradable polysaccharide ether esters, such as for example cellulose ether esters or starch ether esters, and to the production of such graft copolymers from polysaccharides, epoxides and dicarboxylic acid anhydrides and to the use thereof, for example as moldings, films or coatings.

Abstract: A process for producing a saccharide carboxylic acid or a salt thereof characterized in that a microorganism belonging to the genus Pseudogluconobacter and capable of oxidizing a hydroxymethyl group and/or hemiacetal hydroxyl-associated carbon atom to a carboxyl group, or an artifact derived from the microorganism, is permitted to act on a hydroxymethyl and/or hemiacetal hydroxyl-containing saccharide or saccharide derivative to produce and accumulate the corresponding carboxylic acid and the carboxylic acid so accumulated is harvested and novel saccharide carboxylic acids produced by the above production method, and by the process, from a broad range of saccharides, saccharic acids having carboxyl groups derived from hydroxymethyl and/or hemiacetal OH groups can be produced with high selectivity and in good yield, the resultant saccharide acids are resistant to enzymatic degradation and have improved water solubility, among other characteristics.

Abstract: The invention relates to caged compounds for the study of biological processes, where the caged compound has a photoremoveable .alpha.-carboxy-substituted o-nitrobenzyl group. Covalent attachment of the substituted o-nitrobenzyl to a parent compound yields a caged compound with biological and/or physical properties that are significantly altered from the original properties of the parent compound. Illumination of the caged compounds to cleave the photoremoveable group yields the parent compound with its original properties restored.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods that permit the rapid construction of oligosaccharides and other glycoconjugates. Methods for forming multiple glycosidic linkages in solution in a single step are disclosed. The invention takes advantage of the discovery that the relative reactivity of glycoside residues containing anomeric sulfoxides and nucleophilic functional groups can be controlled. In another aspect of the invention, the reactivity of activated anomeric sugar sulfoxides is utilized in a solid phase method for the formation of glycosidic linkages. The methods disclosed may be applied to the preparation of specific oligosaccharides and other glycoconjugates, as well as to the preparation of glycosidic libraries comprising mixtures of various oligosaccharides, including glycoconjugates, which can be screened for biological activity.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for the quantitative determination of D-3-hydroxybutyric acid and acetoacetic acid, which comprises reacting a biological sample containing D-3-hydroxybutyric acid and acetoacetic acid, with a reagent comprising: (1) a D-3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, (2) A.sub.1 and (3) B.sub.1, the components (1), (2) and (3) participating in the following cycling reaction: ##STR1## thereby effecting the enzymatic cycling reaction, and measuring a change in the amount of A.sub.2 formed or the amount of B.sub.1 consumed. Also disclosed is an analytical reagent comprising the components (1), (2) and (3) for use in the above method. The method and the analytical reagent ensure rapidness and accuracy in the determination of D-3-hydroxybutyric acid and acetoacetic acid, even with the use of a small quantity of a biological sample, so that they are very useful in application fields, such as clinical diagnosis and food testing.

Abstract: For determining 3-deoxyglucosone derivatives which are intermediate metabolites of the Maillard reaction in body fluids such as blood, urine, serum, plasma and the like in gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, .sup.13 C-labelled compounds or .sup.14 C-labelled compounds are useful as an internal standard substance. More specifically, 3-deoxyglucosone derivatives having the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein *C is .sup.13 C or .sup.14 C, X is O or N--OR wherein R is Me, Et or H, and Y is SiMe.sub.3 or SiMe.sub.2 tBu, and their production are provided. The measurement of 3-deoxyglucosone derivatives is useful in diagnosing diseases such as diabetes and diseases complicated with diabetes, including diabetic nephrosis, various renal disorders, renal insufficiency, metabolic diseases of carbohydrate and the like.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the removal of an allyl or allyloxycarbonyl group from an allyl or allyloxycarbonyl group protected compound (such as an allylic ester, carbonate, carbamate, O-allyl derivatives or N-allyl derivatives), which comprises contacting the allyl or allyloxycarbonyl group protected compound with a sulfinic acid compound, in the presence of a palladium catalyst in a reaction-inert solvent. Preferably, the sulfinic acid compound is represented by the formula:X--SO.sub.2 M (I)wherein X is C.sub.1-20 alkyl, substituted C.sub.1-20 alkyl (wherein the substituent(s) are independently halo, nitro, sulfo, oxo, amino, cyano, carboxy, hydroxy or moieties derived therefrom), phenyl, substituted phenyl (wherein the substituent(s) are independently C.sub.1-3 alkyl, halo nitro, sulfo, oxo, amino, cyano, carboxy, hydroxy, acetamido or moieties derived therefrom), furyl or thienyl; and M is hydrogen, an alkali metal or ammonium salt residue.

Abstract: A biologically active oligosaccharide compound comprising at least two L hexose rings connected together by an ether oxygen atom. The ether oxygen atom is connected to a first of the rings at the first carbon atom to the right of the hexose ring oxygen atom. The compound contains at least one sulfate or phosphate group connected to the first ring at the third carbon atom to the right of the ring oxygen or to a methyl group at the fifth carbon atom to the right of the ring oxygen atom.The invention further includes the method for using the above oligosaccharide compound to detect .alpha. 1,3-L-fucosyltransferases or to block the activity of such .alpha. 1,3-L-fucosyltransferases or structures which mimic the structure of such fucosyltransferases to the extent that such structures bind to compounds of the present invention, e.g., as in the case of HIV virus.

Abstract: D-allose has been found to substantially inhibit segmented neutrophil production and to lower platelet counts during in vivo trials, without other significant detrimental clinical effects. Such pharmacological activity makes D-allose a good candidate for treatment, either alone or as an adjuvant, of such conditions as chronic myelogenous leukemia. It also holds promise in reducing thrombus formation during post-operative periods, especially in combination with other anti-clotting drugs.

Abstract: Anti-inflammatory compounds are useful, for example, in treating arthritis and heart attack patients. Novel oligosaccharides useful in the rapid synthesis of certain anti-inflammatory compounds are disclosed, as is a rapid method of synthesizing the oligosaccharides. Low pH can loosen the acceptor specificity of galactosyltransferase (lactose synthase: EC 2.4.1.22), allowing the rapid synthesis of novel oligosaccharides. The disaccharides cellobiose (.beta.1.fwdarw.4), laminaribiose (.beta.1.fwdarw.3), gentiobiose (.beta.1.fwdarw.6) and maltose (.alpha.1.fwdarw.4) acted as acceptors for lactose synthase under low pH conditions. From these four acceptors, the following four novel trisaccharides were synthesized: Gal.sub.p (.beta.1.fwdarw.4)Glc.sub.p (.beta.1.fwdarw.3)-Glc, Gal.sub.p (.beta.1.fwdarw.4)Glc.sub.p (.beta.1.fwdarw.4)-Glc, Gal.sub.p (.beta.1.fwdarw.4)Glc.sub.p (.beta.1.fwdarw.6)-Glc and Gal.sub.p (.beta.1.fwdarw.4)Glc.sub.p (.alpha.1.fwdarw.4) Glc.

Abstract: Chelated radionuclide compositions are provided for conjugation to polypeptides and carbohydrates. The resulting conjugates may be used in diagnosis and therapy.

Abstract: Grafted polysaccharide compositions comprising polysaccharides grafted with antioxidants on at least one hydroxyl group of the polysaccharide. The use of antioxidant grafted polysaccharides or antioxidant grafted crosslinked polysaccharides as a treatment for arthritis, as a drug delivery vehicle, to reduce the incidence of post-operative adhesion formation, to promote the healing of chronic wounds and ulcers, and as a component of cosmetic formulations.

Abstract: A cosmetic composition is provided in the form of a gel exhibiting semi-solid behavior at rest but under slow shear rates fractures ceasing to act as a fluid and becoming a solid. The cosmetic composition achieves this rheology through a combination of an alkyl polyglycoside with a polyether ester.

Abstract: Biotinidase-resistant biotin-DOTA conjugates, and methods of use thereof in diagnostic and therapeutic pretargeting methods are provided. These conjugates are useful in diagnosis and treatment of cancer.

Abstract: An antitumor agent is provided by including, as an active ingredient, a polysaccharide-glycan complex obtained by treating a Gram-positive bacteria such as lactic acid bacteria and Bifidobacterium strains with a cell wall lytic enzyme produced by a bacterium belonging to the genus Achromobacter.The polysaccharide-glycan complex has no toxicity and causes no side effect. Being water-soluble, it is easily formulated into any arbitrary dose form, such as an injectable solution. It can easily be prepared from an easily available starting material.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a D 25 polysaccharide compound whose lipid has been partially removed and to its derivatives, wherein at least 85% by weight, preferably 90% of the compound, exists in aqueous solution in monomeric form. The 30 kD molecular weight polysaccharide compound extracted from the membrane proteoglycan of the bacterium Klebsiella pneumoniae is mentioned in particular. The amount of palmitic fatty acids which is bound to it in esterified form does not exceed 0.01% by weight of the compound and the amount of palmitic fatty acids which is associated with it in the free form does not exceed 0.1% by weight of the compound.

Abstract: Oligosaccharide compounds GlcNAc.beta.1-3Gal.beta.-OMe, GlcNAc.beta.1- 6Gal.alpha.-OMe, GalNAc.beta.1-3Gal.beta.-OMe, GalNAc.alpha.1-3Gal.alpha.-OMe, and Fuc.alpha.1-6Gal.beta.-OMe.

Abstract: Glycogen polysaccharides substantially free of nitrogenous compounds and reducing sugars.

Abstract: A economically viable method for producing sugars using concentrated acid hydrolysis of biomass containing cellulose and hemicellulose is disclosed. The cellulose and hemicellulose in the biomass is first decrystallized and then hydrolyzed to produce a hydrolysate containing both sugars and acid. Silica and silicates present in the biomass can then be removed for further processing. The remaining solids are then subjected to a second decrystallization if necessary and a second hydrolyzation to optimize the sugar yields.

Abstract: Carbon linked glycosyl compounds are disclosed and synthesized. The synthesis employs a blocked carbohydrate donor and a blocked glycosyl acceptor. The blocked carbohydrate donor includes an acid labile phosphite leaving group attached to the anomeric carbon. The blocked glycosyl acceptor includes an unprotected carbon susceptible to electrophilic attack. The reaction is initiated by the addition of a Lewis acid so as to activate the acid labile phosphite leaving group on the carbohydrate donor. The substitution reaction may be conducted at -78.degree. C. in a solvent which favors the formation of carbon linked glycosylation products.

Abstract: A reagent sphere is disclosed comprising at least one biological reagent and a glass-forming filler material in a concentration sufficient to facilitate formation of a glassy, porous composition, wherein the reagent semi-sphere is water soluble and has a T.sub.g sufficient for room temperature stability. At least two carbohydrates are combined to create the reagent sphere. The first carbohydrate is a synthetic high molecular weight polymer. The second carbohydrate is different than the first carbohydrate. A method is provided for making the reagent sphere.

Abstract: Methods are provided for generating highly diverse mixtures of compounds which may be screened for biological activities. Once the activity is found, the component of the mixture which is responsible for the activity can be isolated by fractionation and assay for the biological activity. Polyhydroxylated organic monomers and oligomers are used as starting materials for generating the libraries.

Abstract: A water-soluble mixed ether of .alpha.-, .beta.- or .gamma.-cyclodextrin having at least one lipophilic and one hydrophilic radical per cyclodextrin molecule, of the following formula I: ##STR1## where R is hydrogen or R1 or R2 andR1 is a hydrophilic radical andR2 is a lipophilic radical andthe MS for R1 is 0.3 to 2.0 andthe MS for R2 is 0.2 to 1.0 andn is 6, 7, or 8.

Abstract: A economically viable method for producing sugars using concentrated acid hydrolysis of biomass containing cellulose and hemicellulose is disclosed. The cellulose and hemicellulose in the biomass is first decrystallized and then hydrolyzed to produce a hydrolysate containing both sugars and acid. Silica present in the biomass can then be removed for further processing. The remaining solids are then subjected to a second decrystallization and hydrolyzation to optimize the sugar yields. An improved method for separating the sugars from the acid in the hydrolysate is also disclosed. The resulting sugar stream can then be fermented, using an improved method which allows both hexose and pentose sugars to be fermented simultaneously.

Abstract: Chemically modified cyclodextrins such as hydroxypropyl cyclodextrins are purified by treatment with an activated carbon made from either coal or coconut shells. The amount of activated carbon used is 50% to 300% by weight of modified cyclodextrin. The treatment removes organic impurities such as glycol introduced during the chemical modification process of the cyclodextrin. The treatment step is conducted by passing an aqueous solution of the unpurified modified cyclodextrin through a column packed with the activated carbon or by adding the activated carbon to a container of the unpruified modified cyclodextrin and mildly agitating the contents of the container to remove the impurities.

Abstract: A method for producing a substantially stable water-soluble polysaccharide conjugate of a polyene antibiotic is described. The method comprises the following steps: (a) activating the polysaccharide to a dialdehyde by periodate oxidation; (b) purifying the dialdehyde from interfering anions and by-products; (c) coupling the polyene to the purified dialdehyde by Schiff base formation to form the conjugate; and (d) purifying the conjugate. In a preferred embodiment, the conjugate of step (c) is reduced to an amine conjugate by a reducing agent prior to purification. Also described are imine and amine polysaccaride conjugates of the polyene Nystatin.

Abstract: A D-allose specific dehydrogenase has been isolated which can be used with NAD as a cofactor in a sensitive, specific, quantitative assay for D-allose in aqueous media. A qualitative, color-based test for the presence of D-allose results when an election-accepting dye is coupled to NAD.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved process for preparing 1,2-5,6-diacetone-D-glucose from D-glucose and diketene or the adduct of diketene with acetone.

Abstract: A production stimulator of nerve growth factor contains a new cyathane derivative of the form ##STR1## where R is either CHO or CH.sub.2 OH.

Abstract: A method of phosphate ester hydrolysis including incubating a solution of an aqueous phosphate ester with a texaphyrin metal complex. The metal is a metal cation having catalytic activity for ester bond hydrolysis in aqueous solution, in particular, a lanthanide metal cation, preferably Eu(III) or Dy(III). A preferred substrate is RNA and a preferred texaphyrin is a derivatized texaphyrin having binding specificity, in particular, a texaphyrin covalently coupled to a site-directed molecule, preferably an oligonucleotide.

Abstract: A composite molecular active substance group for use in restitutive chemotherapy against viral infections, which is produced by the process comprising: (a) preparing lignin units by carrying out an extraction in an aqueous media under weakly acidic or alkaline conditions of wood or wood-like materials and/or plant-cell cultures and separating-off the resultant insoluble solids; (b) preparing lignoid units by carrying out an aqueous alkaline extraction at a pH of 7 to 14 of starting materials selected from the group consisting of wood-incarbonization products and bioconverted wood-like materials and separating-off the resultant alkali-insoluble solids; and (c) preparing a water-soluble mixed polymer by reacting the lignin units from step (a) with the lignoid units from step (b), under aqueous alkaline isolating by ultrafiltration a low molecular weight fraction having a molecular weight of no more than 3000 daltons of the mixed polymer, taking a cut between 15 to 40 kilodaltons and discarding the resultant res

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the preparation of rhamnose from rhamnolipids, for which an acidic emulsion of the rhamnolipid is hydrolyzed at 100.degree. to 200.degree. and subsequently cooled, the aqueous phase of the resulting hydrolysate is separated from the lipid phase, its pH is raised by the addition of a basic compound, any precipitate formed is removed, the remaining solution is concentrated and either processed further directly or chromatographed on ion exchange resin, rhamnose-containing fractions being obtained as eluate, which are processed further as such or worked up into crystalline rhamnose monohydrate.

Abstract: 2-Aminopyridine derivatives having a bifunctional or unifunctional structure and capable of serving as reactants in synthetically converting organic compounds, such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids or polymer resins, to desired conjugated structures suited for various purposes and detectable by fluorescence spectrometry with high sensitivity, a fluorescent labeling agent comprising the same, and methods of their production are disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of analyzing a sample thought to contain bacteria using an aqueous solution comprising one or more fluorescent dyes: a fluorescent dye of formula I, a fluorescent dye of formula II, a fluorescent dye of formula III, and a fluorescent dye of formula IV. Each of the dyes differ each from the other in their affinity for nucleic acids and in their spectral response to different types of bacteria in the sample. The first three dyes are nucleic acid stains and the fourth dye is a fluorescent reagent that binds selectively to cell surface components. The fluorescent dyes of formula I are highly membrane-permeant cyanine dye derivatives and label all bacteria, whether live or dead, whether Gram positive or Gram negative. The dyes of formula II label only live Gram positive bacteria and label all dead bacteria, whether Gram positive or negative. The dyes of formula II bind to nucleic acids preferentially with respect to the dyes of formula I.

Abstract: The method for assaying the SOD (super oxide dismutase) activity in liquid medium is based on the activation of self-oxidization, by SOD activity, of a reactive agent having the general formula (I) wherein either n is 1 or 2, R.sup.1 is --OR.sup.4 or --NR.sup.5 R.sup.6 ; R.sup.2 is H, --OR.sup.4, alkyl (1-6C), --CH.sub.2 -- or --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --, to form a ring by binding to the phenyl substituent, at meta with respect to R.sup.1 ; and R.sup.3 is H, alkyl (1-6C) or --OR.sup.4 (if R.sup.2 is different from --OR.sup.4); with R.sup.4 being H or alkyl (1-6C); R.sup.5 being H, alkyl (1-6C), --CH.sub.2 COOH, --C.sub.6 H.sub.5 COOH or --C.sub.6 H.sub.5 SO.sub.3 H; and R.sup.6 is H, alkyl (1-6C) or --CH.sub.2 COOH; or n is 1, R.sup.1 is --OR.sup.4, R.sup.2 is --CH.sub.2 --O--, in order to form a ring by bonding of O with the phenyl substituent, at meta with respect to R.sup.1 ; and R.sup.3 is H or --OR.sup.4.

Abstract: A salt of sucrose-octa-O-sulfonic acid and a tetracycline useful in inhibiting protein synthesis of bacteria.

Abstract: Derivatized guar gum which demonstrates greater than 75% light transmission at a wavelength of from about 500-600 nanometers when dispersed in water in the amount of 0.5 parts per 100 parts water and the process for producing such guar gum is disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of analyzing the viability of a sample of cells using an aqueous solution comprising two fluorescent dyes. Dye I has the formula: ##STR1## where R.sup.2 is C.sub.1-6 alkyl; Z.sup.- is a biologically compatible counterion;X is O; S; Se; or NR.sup.15, where R.sup.15 is H or C.sub.1-6 alkyl; or CR.sup.16 R.sup.17, where R.sup.16 and R.sup.17, which may be the same or different, are independently H or C.sub.1-6 alkyl, or the carbons of R.sup.16 and R.sup.17 taken in combination complete a five or six membered saturated ring; and the benzazolium is optionally further substituted;n=0, 1, or 2;Y is --CR.sup.3 .dbd.CR.sup.4 --; p and m=0 or 1, such that p+m=1;R.sup.5 is a C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 polyalkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkynyl or C.sub.1-6 polyalkynyl group; or R.sup.5 is an OMEGA;R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.6 and R.sup.7, which may be the same or different, are independently H; or a C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkenyl, C.sub.1-6 polyalkenyl, C.sub.1-6 alkynyl or C.