Abstract: A D-tagatose spray-drying feed formulation is a mixture of D-tagatose and a functional excipient co-dissolved in a solvent to produce a excipient/D-tagatose composite having a glass transition temperature of greater than 30° C. A method of spray-drying D-tagatose includes the steps of (a) preparing the D-tagatose spray-drying formulation, (b) atomizing the D-tagatose spray-drying formulation in a drying chamber containing a hot inert processing gas and evaporating droplets to produce solid particles of excipient/D-tagatose composite and (c) separating and collecting the solid particles of excipient/D-tagatose composite from the processing gas.

Abstract: The present invention relates to isomerization of C4-C6 aldoses to their corresponding C4-C6 ketoses. In particular, the invention concerns isomerization of C4-C6 aldoses over solid zeolite catalysts free of any metals other than aluminum, in the presence of suitable solvent(s) at suitable elevated temperatures. C6 and C5 aldose sugars such as glucose and xylose, which are available in large amounts from biomass precursors, are isomerized to fructose and xylulose respectively, in a one or two-step process over inexpensive commercially available zeolite catalysts, containing aluminum as the only metal in the catalyst. The ketoses obtained are used as sweeteners in the food and/or brewery industry, or treated to obtain downstream platform chemicals such as lactic acid, HMF, levulinic acid, furfural, MMHB, and the like.

Abstract: Systems for converting aldose sugars to ketose sugars and separating and/or concentrating these sugars using differences in the sugars' abilities to bind to specific affinity ligands are described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for an epimerization of a saccharide in a microdevice consisting of a network of micron-sized channels in presence of molybdenum containing catalyst. It further relates to the use of a microdevice consisting of a network of micron-sized channels for the epimerization reaction of saccharides and the oligomerization of the thus obtained epimerized saccharide, preferably into manno-oligosaccharides.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the isomerisation of glucose into fructose in water in the presence of a solid base catalyst characterised by its reversibility of CO2 adsorption at a low temperature, the catalyst being a catalyst comprising at least one supported or non-supported lanthanide oxide or a molecular sieve based on silicon containing the organic template thereof. The invention also relates to a method for preparing HMF from glucose, comprising the isomerisation of glucose into fructose.

Abstract: Provided is a surfactant-free, single-step synthesis of delaminated aluminosilicate zeolites. The process comprises the step of heating a borosilicate zeolite precursor in a metal salt solution, e.g., an aluminum nitrate solution, zinc nitrate solution or manganese nitrate solution. The delaminated aluminosilicate zeolite product is then recovered from the solution.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to methods for preparing sorbose from glucose, said method comprising: (a) contacting the glucose with a silica-containing structure comprising a zeolite having a topology of a 12 membered-ring or larger, an ordered mesoporous silica material, or an amorphous silica, said structure containing Lewis acidic Ti4+ or Zr4+ or both Ti4+ and Zr4+ framework centers, said contacting conducted under reaction conditions sufficient to isomerize the glucose to sorbose. The sorbose may be (b) separated or isolated; or (c) converted to ascorbic acid.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the production of L-glucose from a mixture of L-mannose and L-glucose to provide a high purity L-glucose product. More particularly, the invention relates to a process for the isomerization of mixtures of L-mannose and L-glucose to favor the epimerization or transformation of the L-mannose into L-glucose combined with the selective removal of impurities and the selective separation of L-glucose by a multi-stage simulated moving bed SMB separation process integrating ion exclusion and isomer separation. The process is useful for providing a simplified and economic continuous processing route to providing pure L-glucose from mixtures of L-glucose and L-mannose in the presence of inorganic and organic salts and other sugars such as L-arabinose. L-glucose is useful as a sweetener, a laxative and as a therapeutic agent.

Abstract: Disclosed are processes for isomerizing saccharides. Also disclosed are processes for converting saccharides to furan derivatives. Also disclosed are processes for converting starch to furan derivatives.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the production of d-tagatose from lactose after acid hydrolysis to provide a hydrolysate having 1 equiv of d-glucose and 1 equiv of d-galactose for each unit of lactose converted. More particularly, the invention relates to a process for the isomerization of d-galactose to d-tagatose and the use of a simplified separation scheme based on simulated moving bed (SMB) separation. The isomerization of d-galactose to d-tagatose is carried out in the presence of calcium oxide or calcium hydroxide. The process is useful for providing a simplified processing route to providing pure d-tagatose and glucose as two products from lactose hydrolysate. In an alternate embodiment, a process is disclosed for the production of d-tagatose from fermented lactose hydrolysate to provide a crystallized d-tagatose product. D-tagatose is useful as a food additive, as a sweetener, as a texturizer, as a stabilizer, or as a humectant.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a manufacturing method of tagatose using galactose isomerization of high yield, more particularly a method to enhance conversion rate of isomerization by adding borate which binds specifically to tagatose and a manufacturing method of tagatose using the same.

Abstract: The invention relates to soluble, highly branched glucose polymers which are obtained by enzymatic treatment of starch, having a reducing sugars content of less than 3.5%, exhibiting a proportion of ?-1,6-glucosidic linkages of between 20% and 30%, a Mw, determined by light scattering, of between 20·103 and 30·103 daltons, and an osmolality of less than 25 mOsm/kg. The invention likewise relates to a method of obtaining these polymers and to their use in the pharmaceutical and food industries, more particularly in the field of enteral and parenteral nutrition, and in the field of peritoneal dialysis.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of at least one compound of formula (I) or (II), in which R1 is H and n is an integer from 2 to 10, for the preparation of a medicament for treating diseases chosen from the group comprising tumour, cancer, viral disease, bacterial disease, fungal disease, disease of the immune system, auto-immune disease or disease linked to a deficiency in immunostimulation, in human beings and warm-blooded animals. The invention also relates to new products having a mannose or mannitol termination as well as a method for preparing them.

Abstract: A process for producing the crystals of difructose dianhydride III (DFA III), namely a indigestible disaccharide where two fructose molecules are bonded to each other at positions 1, 2? and 2,3? (di-D-fructofuranose-1,2?:2,3?-dianhydride), where solutions containing DFA III are adjusted to and/or maintained at pH 5 or more, preferably pH 5 to 8, and more preferably 6 to 8. DFA III can be produced industrially without lowering the crystal yield even when the crystallization thereof is done in a recycling system; additionally by adjusting the total fructose content in mother solutions for (crude) crystallization to 5% or less per a solid content basis and adjusting the fructose content to 1% or less, DFA III can more effectively be produced.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for industrially producing tagatose starting from galactose and provides for chemical isomerisation in presence of XAlO2 and XOH (with X=Na, K) and microbiological purification of the residual galactose.

Abstract: Object: To provide a thermostable L-ribose isomerase. Means for Resolution: The thermostable L-ribose isomerase with MW. 32,000 (by SDS-PAGE), optimal temperature of 45° C., optimal pH of pH 9.0 (glycine-NaOH buffer), and stable physicochemical properties such as temperature stability up to 45° C. during thermal treatment at pH 9.0 for 10 minutes, and with an action to isomerize L-ribose to generate L-ribulose or of inversely to isomerize L-ribulose to generate L-ribose.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for producing the crystals of difructose dianhydride III (DFA III), namely a indigestible disaccharide where two fructose molecules are bonded to each other at positions 1,2? and 2,3? (di-D-fructofuranose-1,2?,2,3?-dianhydride), where solutions containing DFA III are adjusted to and/or maintained at pH 5 or more, preferably pH 5 to 8, and more preferably 6 to 8. In accordance with the invention, DFA III can be produced industrially without lowering the crystal yield even when the crystallization thereof is done in a recycling system; additionally by adjusting the total fructose content in mother solutions for (crude) crystallization to 5% or less per a solid content basis and adjusting the fructose content to 1% or less, DFA III can more effectively be produced.

Abstract: Disclosed are processes for isomerizing saccharides. Also disclosed are processes for converting saccharides to furan derivatives. Also disclosed are processes for converting starch to furan derivatives.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a process for producing 1,2,3-tri-O-acetyl-5-deoxy-ribofuranose in an industrially appropriate manner. The present invention provides a process for producing a 1,2,3-tri-O-acetyl-5-deoxy-ribofuranose which comprises hydrogenating a compound represented by the formula (1) or formula (2) in the presence of a metal catalyst: wherein P1 and P2 independently represent a hydrogen atom or an acyl group, OP1 and OP2 may together form an acetal group, and R represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group, or an acyl group; wherein X1 represents Br or I, P3 and P4 independently represent a hydrogen atom or an acyl group, and R represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group, or an acyl group.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for industrially producing tagatose starting from galactose and provides for chemical isomerisation in presence of XAlO2 and XOH (with X=Na, K) and microbiological purification of the residual galactose.

Abstract: The present invention discloses modified polymer conjugates of a polymer and a drug having reduced toxicity relative to the unmodified parent compound while retaining substantially the same degree of therapeutic activity as of the unmodified parent compound.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a manufacturing method of tagatose using galactose isomerization of high yield, more particularly a method to enhance conversion rate of isomerization by adding borate which binds specifically to tagatose and a manufacturing method of tagatose using the same.

Abstract: A monosaccharide production system is disclosed. The production system can be directed to processes for producing a D-galactose preparation, a D-galactose preparation and an isoflavones preparation, a tagatose preparation, and a tagatose preparation and an isoflavones preparation.

Abstract: Oral intake of D-tagatose in a prebiotic food induces production of butyrate and stimulates the growth of beneficial bacteria in the human colon. Therefore it is believed to be useful in food or the like as preventive drug against colon cancer.

Abstract: A method for preparing a polydispersed saccharide composition in which a fructan-containing material is dissolved in water prior to partial enzymatic treatment of the fructans.

Abstract: The invention relates to soluble highly branched glucose polymers having a reducing sugar content of less than 1%, characterized in that they have a level of ?-1,6 glucoside bonds greater than 10%, preferably of between 12 and 30%, a Mw value of between 0.35×105 and 2×105 daltons, and an osmolality having a value of between 1 and 15 mOsm/kg. The invention also relates to their method of production and their applications in the Paper-Carton, Textiles, Cosmetics, and particularly Pharmaceutical and Food industries, and still more particularly in the fields of enteral and parenteral nutrition, peritoneal dialysis as a glycemia inhibiting and/or regulating agent, as an energy source during physical activities and as a digestion regulating agent.

Abstract: The cyclic tetrasaccharide, cyclo{-6)-&agr;-D-Glcp-(1,3)-&agr;-D-Glcp-(1,6)-&agr;-D-Glcp-(1,3)-&agr;-D-Glcp-(1-}, may be produced by alternanase hydrolysis of complex carbohydrates other than alternan. Panose, pullulan, &agr;-D-Glcp-(1,6)-&agr;-D-Glcp-(1,3)-D-Glc, and D-glucans having alternating &agr;-(1,6) and &agr;-(1,4) linkages, are all hydrolyzed by alternanase to produce this cyclic tetrasaccharide. In this process, the cyclic tetrasaccharide is produced by contacting a solution of one or more of the above-mentioned complex carbohydrates with an amount of alternanase under conditions effective for activity of the enzyme. The substrate panose used in the reaction may be produced from a variety of polysaccharides or oligosaccharides, including starch, maltose, maltodextrins, pullulan, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A process for deoxofluorinating a C2-hydroxyl group of a furanose, includes: (a) mixing the furanose and a deoxofluorinating agent in a solvent to form a reaction mixture, and (b) heating the reaction mixture to greater than about 50° C. The process provides deoxofluorinated products, such as 2-fluoro-arabinoses, in yields of at least 80% of theoretical.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel 6-O-carbamate ketolide compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, solvate or prodrug thereof, to a composition comprising the compound and a suitable carrier, a method of preparing the compound, and a method of treatment and prevention of infections in a mammal.

Abstract: The present invention includes a process for extracting a stereoisomer fro biomass. The method comprises providing biomass and subjecting the biomass to substantially instantaneous pressurization and depressurization to separate cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin from the biomass. The hemicellulose is hydrolyzed to form hemicellulose hydrolysates. The hydrolysates are separated using chromatography.

Abstract: An L-ribose isomerase which isomerizes aldoses such as L-ribose, D-lyxose, D-talose, D-mannose, L-allose and L-gulose into their corresponding ketoses such as L-ribulose, D-xylulose, D-tagatose, D-fructose, L-psicose and L-sorbose. The enzymatic reaction is a reversible equilibrium reaction. The L-ribose isomerase can be obtained from microorganisms of the genus Acinetobacter.

Abstract: A novel method for making palatinitol comprising a first step of epimerising isomaltose under conditions enabling a mixture of &agr;-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-D-mannose and isomaltose to be achieved, a second step of catalytically hydrogenating the mixture, and a third step of chromatographically depleting the isomaltitol in the hydrogenated mixture to give a roughly equimolecular mixture of &agr;-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-D-sorbitol and &agr;-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-D-mannitol.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of N-acetyl-D-neuraminic acid (NANA) N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (NAG) is described.

Abstract: A process of preparing a L-ribose fraction having greater than 97% purity starting from an aqueous solution of L-arabinose is provided by utilizing an epimerization reaction conducted in the presence of a Mo compound and eluting the product formed by said epimerization reaction through a separation zone containing a strong acid cation exchange resin. A process of crystallized said L-ribose fraction under conditions effective to form monohydrate L-ribose crystals is also disclosed.

Abstract: Epimer-free sugar alcohols can be prepared from the corresponding sugars by catalytic hydrogenation with hydrogen in aqueous solution, the hydrogenation being carried out continuously at a hydrogen pressure of 100 to 400 bar and a reaction temperature of 20 to 70.degree. C. on support-free shaped bodies which are arranged in a fixed bed and are made of pressed powders of metals or alloys of the elements of the iron subgroup of subgroup VIII of the Periodic Table of the Elements together with elements of subgroup IV and/or V. The shaped bodies have a compressive strength of 20 to 220 N and an internal surface area of 10 to 100 m.sup.2 /g.

Abstract: An L-ribose isomerase which isomerizes aldoses such as L-ribose, D-lyxose, D-talose, D-mannose, L-allose and L-gulose into their corresponding ketoses such as L-ribulose, D-xylulose, D-tagatose, D-fructose, L-psicose and L-sorbose. The enzymatic reaction is a reversible equilibrium reaction. The L-ribose isomerase can be obtained from microorganisms of the genus Acinetobacter.

Abstract: An isomerization method wherein a compound of formula ##STR1## wherein X and y together form a 3-oxo radical, or X is a hydrogen atom and Y is either a radical a ##STR2## where R.sub.2 is OH or O-acyl, or an O-alkyl or NH.sub.2 radical; R.sub.1 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl radical; Z is hydrogen or an acyl radical; and R is a hydrogen atom, an NH.sub.2 radical or a (CH.sub.2).sub.n Ar, NH(CH.sub.2).sub.n Ar or N.dbd.CH(CH.sub.2).sub.n Ar radical, in the form of a 10.alpha. isomer or a mixture of 10.alpha. and 10.beta. isomers, is exposed to a basic agent to give the corresponding compound of formula I in which the 10-methyl radical is in the .beta. position.

Abstract: The compound 2-deoxy-2,2-difluoro-D-erythro-pentofuranos-1-ulose-3,5-dibenzoate is described and claimed.

Abstract: A process is provided which comprises isomerizing a compound having a ketose structure by the use of or in the presence of an organogermanium compound having a structural portion represented by formula (I): ##STR1## Due to the use or presence of the organogermanium compound, the process is free from the problems of the prior art, and is capable of isomerizing a compound having an aldose structure into a compound having a ketose structure at a high isomerization ratio without requiring any special apparatus or any complicated operation.

Abstract: Catalytic decarboxylation process for 2-ketoaldonic acids by nickel ions characterized in that an aqueous solution of a 2-ketoaldonic acid is put in contact with a resin carrying vinylpyridine groups.The process allows in particular ribulose, xylulose and erythrulose to be easily obtained.

Abstract: The method of the invention involves treating cellulosic vegetable matter (the "Feed Stocks") for the selective recovery of lignin (when present in the feed-stock), cellulose and hemicelluloses by: (1) reducing the material to be processed to an appropriate size; (2) adjusting the moisture content of the ligno-cellulosic feed stock to 15 percent to 30 percent water; (3) impregnating the ligno-cellulosic feed stock with an extraction liquor containing a glycol and an organic or Lewis acid; (4) rapid heating of said impregnated feed stock to a temperature of about 118.degree. C. to about 145.degree. C.; (5) maintaining the desired temperature for about 1 minute to about 6 minutes to solubilize the lignin therefrom (a period of about 2 minutes to about 5 minutes is preferred); (6) stopping the reaction immediately by lowering the temperature to <100.degree. C.

Abstract: "A process for the preparation of palatinitol, wherein in a first stage, the epimerization of isomaltose is carried out under conditions which allow a mixture of .alpha.-D-glucopyranosyl-(1.fwdarw.6)-D-mannose and isomaltose to be obtained, in a second stage, the epimerized mixture is depleted of isomaltose so as to obtain a new mixture containing a roughly equimolecular proportion of .alpha.-D-glucopyranosyl-(1.fwdarw.6)-D-mannose and isomaltose, and in a third stage, catalytic hydrogenation is carried out on this roughly eqimolar mixture".

Abstract: Methods for the stereospecific synthesis of chirally pure organophosphorus dinucleotide derivatives and nucleoside monomer synthons used in their synthesis are provided. These methods allow for conversion of nucleoside intermediates of unchosen sense of P-chirality to nucleoside monomer synthons of chosen sense of P-chirality. Also provided are novel nucleoside intermediates useful in such methods.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of an amino acid ester of a nucleoside analogue comprises reacting a nucleoside analogue having an esterifiable hydroxy group with a 2-oxa-4-aza-cycloalkane-1,3-dione. Such amino acid esters of nucleoside analogues are able to interfere with viral nucleic acid metabolism and are therefore useful for their anti-viral activity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the regeneration of a supported molybdenum catalyst which has been used for the epimerisation of a saccharide. The preferred epimerisation is the conversion of glucose to mannose. The catalyst is regenerated by using an oxidising agent such as a peroxide. The regeneration step can be repeated several times. A further extension of the useful lifetime of the catalyst is obtained by including one or more washing steps.

Abstract: A compound having formula (III). Also, a process of making azithromycin comprising reducing the compound of formula (III) and N-methylating the reduced product.

Abstract: A process is provided which comprises isomerizing a compound having a ketose structure by the use of or in the presence of an organogermanium compound having a structural portion represented by formula (I): ##STR1## Due to the use or presence of the organogermanium compound, the process is free from the problems of the prior art, and is capable of isomerizing a compound having an aldose structure into a compound having a ketose structure at a high isomerization ratio without requiring any special apparatus or any complicated operation.

Abstract: A method for preparing N-acetylneuraminic acid characterized in reacting N-acetylglucosamine with pyruvic acid in an alkaline condition by the action of N-acetylneuraminic acid lyase.

Abstract: Enantiomerically pure glycerol derivatives, e.g. S-1,2-O-isopropylidene, S-1,2-O-benzylidene, and R-1,2-O-dibenzyl glycerol, have been prepared from 1,2R-O-protected erythritols in high yields. The latter compounds are easily obtained from erythorbic acid and are useful building blocks in the synthesis of a host of optically active compounds having biological activity.

Abstract: A process for preparing cyclooctaamylose by enzymatic reaction of starch hydrolysate with cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase in the presence of at least two complexing agents. The first is either an aliphatic ketone or an aliphatic alcohol and the second is a cyclic compound which has 12 atoms.