Abstract: A catalytic glycosylation method comprising: installing thioether to an anomeric carbon of a carbohydrate; and catalytically activating the thioether with a non-oxophilic Lewis acid. The thioether may comprise an anomerically stable thioether leaving group. The catalytic glycosylation method may further comprise: utilizing an acid-sensitive ester protecting group as permanent protecting group or using a reactivity-based one-pot glycosylation that employs a single-component catalyst to accelerate an oligosaccharide assembly process. A protecting group to mask hydroxyl functionalities in the production of oligosaccharides, natural products or any molecule having a hydroxyl group comprising an acid-labile ester protecting group.

Abstract: The invention provides an intermediate and the process for making the same. This intermediate is useful in the process for making polysaccharides, and more particularly fondaparinux.

Abstract: A process for making cross-linked polysaccharide gels, particularly cross-linked hyaluronic acid gels, under basic conditions. The resulting gels possess improved degradation characteristics, and are useful in a variety of medical and cosmetic applications.

Abstract: A salt catalyst comprises an ionic complex of i) a nitrogen base comprising one or more guanidine and/or amidine functional groups, and ii) an oxoacid comprising one or more active acid groups, the active acid groups independently comprising a carbonyl group (C?O), sulfoxide group (S?O), and/or a phosphonyl group (P?O) bonded to one or more active hydroxy groups; wherein a ratio of moles of the active hydroxy groups to moles of the guanidine and/or amidine functional groups is greater than 0 and less than 2.0. The salt catalysts are capable of catalyzing ring opening polymerization of cyclic carbonyl compounds.

Abstract: A process for enzymatic preparation of a highly linear poly(?1,3 glucan) from sucrose is disclosed. The glucosyltransferase enzyme (gtfJ) from Streptococcus salivarius is used to convert sucrose to a highly linear poly(?1,3 glucan) in high titers. Hydrolyzed poly(?1,3 glucan) is used as the primer for the gtfJ enzyme reaction resulting in the formation of highly linear poly(?1,3 glucan).

Abstract: The present invention has objects to provide a glucan useful as water-soluble dietary fiber, its preparation and uses. The present invention solves the above objects by providing a branched ?-glucan, which is constructed by glucose molecules and characterized by methylation analysis as follows: (1) Ratio of 2,3,6-trimethyl-1,4,5-triacetyl-glucitol to 2,3,4-trimethyl-1,5,6-triacetyl-glucitol is in the range of 1:0.6 to 1:4; (2) Total content of 2,3,6-trimethyl-1,4,5-triacetyl-glucitol and 2,3,4-trimethyl-1,5,6-triacetyl-glucitol is 60% or higher in the partially methylated glucitol acetates; (3) Content of 2,4,6-trimethyl-1,3,5-triacetyl-glucitol is 0.5% or higher but less than 10% in the partially methylated glucitol acetates; and (4) Content of 2,4-dimethyl-1,3,5,6-tetraacetyl-glucitol is 0.5% or higher in the partially methylated glucitol acetates; a novel ?-glucosyltransferase which forms the branched ?-glucan, processes for producing them, and their uses.

Abstract: The invention herein disclosed provides for methods for the synthesis of polymers from monomers. In particular the method provides for the synthesis of polynucleotides from mononucleotides in the absence of catalytic enzymes. The method comprises providing an aqueous solution having a plurality of phospholipid molecules and monomer molecules; subjecting the aqueous solution to fluctuating temperature conditions; subjecting the aqueous solution to fluctuating cycles of drying and hydrating conditions; subjecting the aqueous solution to fluctuating [H+] conditions; the fluctuating conditions thereby allowing formation of a chemical bond between at least two monomers to create a polymer. The invention is of particular use in the fields of molecular biology, structural biology, cell biology, molecular switches, molecular circuits, and molecular computational devices, and the manufacture thereof.

Abstract: A process for producing the crystals of difructose dianhydride III (DFA III), namely a indigestible disaccharide where two fructose molecules are bonded to each other at positions 1, 2? and 2,3? (di-D-fructofuranose-1,2?:2,3?-dianhydride), where solutions containing DFA III are adjusted to and/or maintained at pH 5 or more, preferably pH 5 to 8, and more preferably 6 to 8. DFA III can be produced industrially without lowering the crystal yield even when the crystallization thereof is done in a recycling system; additionally by adjusting the total fructose content in mother solutions for (crude) crystallization to 5% or less per a solid content basis and adjusting the fructose content to 1% or less, DFA III can more effectively be produced.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a biodegradable composition containing nano-particles of cellulose for forming a protective coating on natural materials. It is an object of the invention to provide a composition for forming a protective coating layer on a biodegradable natural material that imparts to the material improved waterproofing and grease-resistant properties. It is another object to provide a composition for forming a protective coating on natural biodegradable materials that is based on the use of nano-cellulose particles and that protects these materials from swelling, warping, and mechanical damage during contact with water, other aqueous liquids, or grease.

Abstract: In accordance with various embodiments, there is a method of making a polyester. The method can include providing a monomer solution, the monomer solution including one or more cyclic esters in a concentration ranging from about 1 to about 100% and one or more solvents in a concentration ranging from about 99% to about 0%. The method of making a polyester can also include providing a packed-bed reactor including one or more immobilized enzymes, wherein the packed-bed reactor has an inlet and an outlet. The method can further include circulating the monomer solution through the packed-bed reactor to generate a solution enriched with polyester, such that the one or more immobilized enzymes convert the one or more cyclic esters to polyester in the packed-bed reactor during circulation and collecting the solution enriched with polyester exiting through the outlet.

Abstract: The present invention provides a processing method of the natural cellulose fiber with feature for enhancing the capability of antifungi, antibacteria and deodorization. The procedure is that firstly modify and reduce the properties of the natural chitosan of high polymer material to nanometer scale; secondly dunk the chitosan into the syrup-like mixture of wood pulp and NMMO solvent to yield quasi-dope; thirdly dehydrate the quasi-dope of paste mixture to form the mud-like dope; fourthly spin the dope by dryjet wet spinning method; fifthly regenerate the filament in coagulation bath, water rinse and dry; finally water rinse, dry, apply the lubricant to finish. The water soluble chitosan, which has been treated by property modification and reduced to nanometer scale, can effectively and completely solve in the cellulose of low DP to offer wider extent of selection in the DP and better flexibility of adding percentage in content of modified chitosan.

Abstract: A cyclic carbonyl monomer has the formula (7): wherein at least one W? or Wa group comprises a protected glycoside; each Z independently represents O, S, NH or NW?; n is an integer from 0 to 6 wherein when n is 0, carbons labeled 4 and 6 are linked together by a single bond; each W? and Wa group independently represents a hydrogen, a halide, an alkyl group comprising 1 to 20 carbons, an ester group comprising 1 to 20 carbons, an amide group, an aryl group comprising 1 to 20 carbons, an alkoxy group comprising 1 to 20 carbons, or a foregoing W? or Wa group substituted with a protected glycoside; and each W? group independently represents an alkyl group comprising 1 to 20 carbons, an aryl group comprising 1 to 20 carbons, or a foregoing W? group substituted with a protected glycoside.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for producing the crystals of difructose dianhydride III (DFA III), namely a indigestible disaccharide where two fructose molecules are bonded to each other at positions 1,2? and 2,3? (di-D-fructofuranose-1,2?,2,3?-dianhydride), where solutions containing DFA III are adjusted to and/or maintained at pH 5 or more, preferably pH 5 to 8, and more preferably 6 to 8. In accordance with the invention, DFA III can be produced industrially without lowering the crystal yield even when the crystallization thereof is done in a recycling system; additionally by adjusting the total fructose content in mother solutions for (crude) crystallization to 5% or less per a solid content basis and adjusting the fructose content to 1% or less, DFA III can more effectively be produced.

Abstract: The invention includes a method of treating a solid acid catalyst. After exposing the catalyst to a mixture containing a sugar alcohol, the catalyst is washed with an organic solvent and is then exposed to a second reaction mixture. The invention includes a process for production of anhydrosugar alcohol. A solid acid catalyst is provided to convert sugar alcohol in a first sample to an anhydrosugar alcohol. The catalyst is then washed with an organic solvent and is subsequently utilized to expose a second sample. The invention includes a method for selective production of an anhydrosugar. A solid acid catalyst is provided within a reactor and anhydrosugar alcohol is formed by flowing a starting sugar alcohol into the reactor. The acid catalyst is then exposed to an organic solvent which allows a greater amount of additional anhydrosugar to be produced than would occur without exposing the acid catalyst to the organic solvent.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide an ?-isomaltosylglucosaccharide-forming enzyme, process of the same, cyclotetrasaccharide, and saccharide composition comprising the saccharide which are obtainable by using the enzyme; and is solved by establishing an ?-isomaltosylglucosaccharide-forming enzyme which forms a saccharide, having a glucose polymerization degree of at least three and having both the ?-1,6 glucosidic linkage as a linkage at the non-reducing end and the ?-1,4 glucosidic linkage other than the linkage at the non-reducing end, by catalyzing the ?-glucosyl-transfer from a saccharide having a glucose polymerization degree of at least two and having the ?-1,4 glucosidic linkage as a linkage at the non-reducing end without substantially increasing the reducing power; ?-isomaltosyl-transferring method using the enzyme; method for forming ?-isomaltosylglucosaccharide; process for producing a cyclotetrasaccharide having the structure of cyclo{66)-?-D-glucopyranosyl-(163)-?-D-glucopyranosyl-

Abstract: A biodegradable container includes a body structure made of a foamed hydrocolloid gelling matrix system having a fibrous material and a firming agent embedded therein and a water-resistant coating disposed on a surface of the body structure.

Abstract: The invention includes methods of producing dianhydrosugars. A polyol is reacted in the presence of a first catalyst to form a monocyclic sugar. The monocyclic sugar is transferred to a second reactor where it is converted to a dianhydrosugar alcohol in the presence of a second catalyst. The invention includes a process of forming isosorbide. An initial reaction is conducted at a first temperature in the presence of a solid acid catalyst. The initial reaction involves reacting sorbitol to produce 1,4-sorbitan, 3,6-sorbitan, 2,5-mannitan and 2,5-iditan. Utilizing a second temperature, the 1,4-sorbitan and 3,6-sorbitan are converted to isosorbide. The invention includes a method of purifying isosorbide from a mixture containing isosorbide and at least one additional component. A first distillation removes a first portion of the isosorbide from the mixture. A second distillation is then conducted at a higher temperature to remove a second portion of isosorbide from the mixture.

Abstract: The invention concerns methods for grafting bioactive polymers on a prosthetic material, the materials obtainable by said method and applications thereof. More specifically, the invention concerns a method for directly grafting polymers on the surface of prosthetic materials.

Abstract: The invention includes methods for producing dianhydrosugar alcohol by providing an acid catalyst within a reactor and passing a starting material through the reactor at a first temperature. At least a portion of the staring material is converted to a monoanhydrosugar isomer during the passing through the column. The monoanhydrosugar is subjected to a second temperature which is greater than the first to produce a dianhydrosugar. The invention includes a method of producing isosorbide. An initial feed stream containing sorbitol is fed into a continuous reactor containing an acid catalyst at a temperature of less than 120° C. The residence time for the reactor is less than or equal to about 30 minutes. Sorbitol converted to 1,4-sorbitan in the continuous reactor is subsequently provided to a second reactor and is dehydrated at a temperature of at least 120° C. to produce isosorbide.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of cross-linked hyaluronic acid (HA) derivatives, in particular multiple, e.g. double cross-linked hyaluronic acid derivatives. The invention also provides novel cross-linked HA derivatives, products containing them and their uses in medical and pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications.

Abstract: The present invention relates a processing method for nano-miniaturizing chitosan of modifying property, which degrades the chitosan of high molecular weight down to the chitosan of middle and low molecular weight, then primarily nano-miniaturizes the interim chitosan by quaternary ammonium salt/synthesis, finally yield the nano-miniaturized chitosan of modified property by sol-gel method to have features in good biocompatibility and bioactivity to be served as additive material in products of cosmetics, medical treatment, hygiene, health care, biomedicine, agriculture, textile, food and so like so that not only the antiseptic, moisture-retentive and deodorizing capabilities can be promoted but also the processing cost can be reduced due to easiness of the mass production.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of synthesizing a water-free nanotube capable of efficiently encapsulating a functional substance therein, in large quantities.

Abstract: The invention concerns the production by microbiological process of oligopolysaccharides of biological interest. More particularly, the invention concerns a method for synthesizing in vivo oligopolysaccharides by internalization of an exogenous precursor in growing bacterial cells expressing adequate modifying and glycosylating genes.

Abstract: A modified pectin consists essentially of neutral sugar sequences with a low degree of branching capable of preventing tumor cell migration and cell to cell and cell to substratum adhesion.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing polyether alcohols by catalytic addition of alkylene oxides onto a starter substance mixture comprising water-soluble H-functional starter substances which are solid at room temperature, alcohols which are liquid at the reaction temperature and water using alkali metal hydroxides and/or alkaline earth metal hydroxides as catalysts, wherein the amount of water is from 1.0 to 6.0% by weight, based on the weight of the starter substance mixture, and the starter substance mixture comprises no amine constituents.

Abstract: A process is provided for the preparation of anhydrosugar alcohols. The process involves heating a sugar alcohol or a monoanhydrosugar alcohol starting material in the presence of an acid catalyst, and subsequent purification of the anhydrosugar alcohol. In some embodiments of the present invention, film evaporators are used in distillation and purification of the anhydrosugar alcohols. Anhydrosugar alcohols of very high purity are achieved in the practice of the present invention. In some embodiments of the present invention, very high purities of the anhydrosugar alcohols are achieved without the use of organic solvents.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel polymers derivatized with at least one —NOx group per 1200 atomic mass unit of the polymer. X is one or two. In one embodiment, the polymer is an S-nitrosylated polymer and is prepared by reacting a polythiolated polymer with a nitrosylating agent under conditions suitable for nitrosylating free thiol groups. The polymers of the present invention can be used to coat medical devices to deliver nitric oxide in vivo to treatment sites.

Abstract: The invention relates to substantially photochemically or thermally cross-linked polysaccharide derivatives in which the OH groups as OR groups have been esterified or converted into carbamate (urethane) or mixtures thereof and that do not contain photopolymerisable functional groups prior to the cross-linking. They can be used as carrier materials for the chromatographic separation of enantiomers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the synthesis of a haemocompatible polymer, consisting of a polyurethane bound covalently to sulphated hyaluronic acid. These sulfated derivatives have anticoagulative, non-thrombogenic, antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties. They also have the ability to inhibit platelet adhesion, aggregation and activation. The invention is particularly advantageous in resisting the enzyme hyaluronidase, therefore ensuring anti-coagulant activities for longer periods of time when compared to similar compounds. This biocompatible polymer material is well suited for surgical or other medicinal uses.

Abstract: A process for producing a polyester, the process comprising the steps of (1) fermenting a saccharide with a microorganism to obtain at least one substituted ?-hydroxy acid represented by the formula: HO—CHR—COOH (wherein R represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms), and (2) polymerizing the substituted ?-hydroxy acid or a derivative thereof.

Abstract: One aspect of the present invention relates to differentially protected glycosyl phosphates. Another aspect of the present invention relates to the preparation of glycosyl phosphates from glycal precursors. In another aspect of the present invention, glycosyl phosphates are used as glycosyl donors in glycosylation reactions.

Abstract: It is to provide a method for producing hyaluronic acid or a hyaluronic acid derivative which is a simple preparation method as compared with a cockscomb extraction method or a fermentation method which has conventionally been employed industrially, and with which isolation and purification of the product from the reaction liquid is easy. It is a method for producing hyaluronic acid or a hyaluronic acid derivative, which comprises acting a hyaluronidase on an oxazoline derivative.

Abstract: Disclosed is a spray pack for use in forming a uniform, stable spray coating, comprising a spray container device and, packed therein, a spraying composition comprising a liquid dispersion medium and, dispersed therein, particulate cellulose having an average degree of polymerization (DP) of not more than 300 and an average particle diameter of not more than 10 ?m, wherein the composition has a cellulose content of from 0.1 to 5.0% by weight, and wherein the composition exhibits a maximum viscosity value (?max) of 1×103 mPa·s or more in the viscosity-shear stress curve obtained, with respect to the composition, using a cone-plate type rotating viscometer in a shear rate region of from 1×10?3 s?1 to 1×102 s?1 and at 25° C. A method for forming a uniform, stable spray coating by using the above-mentioned spray pack is also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel polymers derivatized with at least one —NOx group per 1200 atomic mass unit of the polymer. X is one or two. In one embodiment, the polymer is an S-nitrosylated polymer and is prepared by reacting a polythiolated polymer with a nitrosylating agent under conditions suitable for nitrosylating free thiol groups. The polymers of the present invention can be used to coat medical devices to deliver nitric oxide in vivo to treatment sites.

Abstract: A superabsorbent polysaccharide can be obtained by crosslinking a polysaccharide or derivative thereof with at least 1% by weight of a flexible spacer having a chain length of at least 9 chain atoms and having terminal activated coupling groups. The flexible spacer may comprise a polyalkyleneglycol with a molecular weight from about 400 to 10,000. The coupling groups may be provided by divinyl sulphone units.

Abstract: The reactivity of a number of p-methylphenyl thioglycoside (STol) donors which are either fully protected or have one hydroxyl group exposed has been quantitatively determined by HPLC in conjunction with the development of a broadly applicable approach for a facile one-pot synthesis of oligosaccharides. The influence on reactivity of the structural effects of different monosaccharide cores and different protecting groups on each glycoside donor is characterized and quantified. In addition, a correlation between glycosyl donor reactivity and the chemical shift of the anomeric proton by 1 H NMR has been established. A database of thioglycosides as glycosyl donors has been created using this reactivity data. The utility is demonstrated by the easy and rapid one-pot assembly of various linear and branched oligosaccharide structures.

Abstract: The subject of the invention is a process for modifying starch or starch derivatives by branching enzymes, consisting in continuously introducing the said branching enzymes into the reaction medium containing starch or starch derivatives.

Abstract: A process for producing microcrystalline cellulose. The process comprising the following steps: a) preparation of a pulp by repulping, b) pressing of the pulp obtained in a), c) decompaction of the pulp obtained in b), d) feeding of the pulp obtained in c) into a pre-heated reactor, e) cooking of the pulp at a temperature, a time and a pressure allowing to obtain a pulp having a desired degree of polymerization, f) cooling and partial controlled depressurization of the reactor by purging the reactor, followed by a water injection into the jacket and directly into the reactor, g) filtering the pulp obtained in f), h) bleaching of the pulp obtained in g), and i) drying the pulp obtained in h). The process allows the application of a controlled depressurization in step f), which in turn allows to keep the natural texture of the fibers and to obtain a cellulose having a low degree of polymerization.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel method of chemically preparing functionalized derivatives of ?-(1,3)-glucans, enabling obtaining oligosaccharides which are free or which comprise specific groups such as, for example, sulphate, phosphate, methyl, in pre-defined positions. This method includes a reaction between a glycosyl donor of formula (Ia) or (Ib) and a glycosyl acceptor of formula (II), defined in the claims. Application: Preparation of biologically active compounds which can be used in the agricultural, cosmetic or pharmaceutical fields.

Abstract: Compounds that are modified polysaccharides having pendant aldehyde functionalities are disclosed. Each of the aldehyde functionalities is attached through a linker to a position corresponding to a hydrogen atom of a different hydroxyl group of unmodified polysaccharide. Also disclosed is a method for introducing an amine-reactive functionality into a dextran. The method comprises (a) reacting the dextran with an alkylating agent having a functionality that reacts with an hydroxyl group of the dextran thereby forming an alkylated dextran wherein the alkylating agent has an olefin group and (b) treating the alkylated dextran to convert the olefin group to an amine-reactive functionality. A polysaccharide can be conjugated to a biomolecule by carrying out the above method and reacting the amine-reactive functionality with an amine functionality on the biomolecule to produce polysaccharide conjugated to the biomolecule.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel polymers derivatized with at least one —NOx group per 1200 atomic mass unit of the polymer. X is one or two. In one embodiment, the polymer is an S-nitrosylated polymer and is prepared by reacting a polythiolated polymer with a nitrosylating agent under conditions suitable for nitrosylating free thiol groups. The polymers of the present invention can be used to coat medical devices to deliver nitric oxide in vivo to treatment sites.

Abstract: This invention concerns a process for recovering and purifying dianhydro sugar alcohols from a vapor stream comprising dianhydro sugar alcohols, such as isosorbide, and water vapor.

Abstract: The present invention provides an artificial chaperon useful for refolding the proteins having low voluntary folding ability and being difficult or unable to be a native form without a second (or assistant) of a molecular chaperon in a short time, and folding said proteins as an active form. The present invention relates to an artificial chaperon kit characterized in that the kit comprises cyclic saccharide cycloamylose and polyoxyethylenic detergent or cyclic saccharide cycloamylose and ionic detergent. The present invention also relates to a method for diluting the denaturant making the protein a denatured state by adding a specific detergent to a denatured protein, and preventing protein molecules from aggregation, thereafter adding cyclic saccharide cycloamylose, utilizing the inclusion ability thereof to strip detergent, accelerating the proper folding of protein into a correct higher-order structure with activity.

Abstract: A process is provided for the preparation of anhydrosugar alcohols. The process involves heating a sugar alcohol or a monoanhydrosugar alcohol starting material in the presence of an acid catalyst, and subsequent purification of the anhydrosugar alcohol. Very high purities are achieved, without the use of organic solvents in the process.

Abstract: Described is a modular, general synthetic strategy for the preparation in solution and on a solid support of heparin, heparin-like glycosaminoglycans, glycosaminoglycans and non-natural analogs of each of them. Additionally, the modular strategy provides the basis for the preparation of combinatorial libraries and parallel libraries of defined glycosaminoglycan oligosaccharides. The defined glycosaminoglycan structures may be used in high-throughput screening experiments to identify carbohydrate sequences that regulate a host of recognition and signal-transduction processes. The determination of specific sequences involved in receptor binding holds great promise for the development of molecular tools which will allow modulation of processes underlying viral entry, angiogenesis, kidney diseases and diseases of the central nervous system. Notably, the present invention enables the automated synthesis of glycosaminoglycans in much the same fashion that peptides and oligonucleotides are currently assembled.

Abstract: Polysaccharides comprising one or more oxime linkages are provided. Methods for their preparation include the polycondensation of saccharides bearing oxime-forming substituents. In some embodiments, polymerization is conducted in the presence of galactose oxidase. The resulting oxime-linked polysaccharides have desirable properties and are useful in numerous applications including paper manufacturing and drug delivery vehicles.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for obtaining a C-polysaccharide cell wall antigen containing not more than about 10% protein from Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria. The antigen thus obtained is conjugated to a spacer molecule, and the free end of the latter is then conjugated to a chromatographic affinity column. The column is then utilized to purify raw antibodies to S. pneumonia bacteria, thereby producing antigen-specific antibodies. A portion of such antibodies is conjugated to a labeling agent which displays a visible color change upon reaction of the antibodies with their antigenic binding partner and embedded in a first zone of an immunochromatographic assay device. Another portion of such antibodies is bound to the reaction zone of the device which has a view window.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process and product by process for preparing a carbohydrate polymer which comprises polymerizing a sugar at a temperature below the point of substantial decomposition thereof and under reduced pressure in the presence of a catalytic effective amount of an organic acid selected from the group consisting of a monocarboxylic acid, a lactone of a monocarboxylic acid and arylol, while removing water formed during said polymerization, said organic acid being non-volatile and having only one acidic functionality and having no amino groups thereon.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel polymers derivatized with at least one —SNO group per 1200 atomic mass unit of the polymer. In one embodiment, the S-nitrosylated polymer has stabilized —S-nitrosyl groups. In another embodiment the S-nitrosylated polymer prepared by polymerizing a compound represented by the following structural formula: R is an organic radical. Each X′ is an independently chosen aliphatic group or substituted aliphatic group. Preferably, each X′ is the same and is a C2-C6 alkylene group, more preferably —CH2—, —CH2CH2—, —CH2CH2CH2— or —CH2CH2CH2CH2—. p and m are independently a positive integer such that p+m is greater than two. The polymers of the present invention can be used to coat medical devices to deliver nitric oxide in vivo to treatment sites.

Abstract: This invention provides a bacterial cellulose comprising ribbon-shaped microfibrils having a thickness of 10 to 100 nm and a width of 160 to 1000 nm or a bacterial cellulose comprising ribbon-shaped microfibrils having a thickness of 10 to 100 nm and a width of 50 to 70 nm. The former bacterial cellulose can be produced by culturing cellulose-producing bacteria in a culture medium containing a cell division inhibitor, and the latter can be produced by culturing the bacterium in a culture medium containing an organic reducing agent. The bacterial cellulose is modified from conventional bacterial cellulose in the major axis, and is improved in Young's modulus, etc. This invention provides a bacterial cellulose comprising ribbon-shaped microfibrils having a thickness of 1 to 9 nm and a width of 160 to 1000 nm or a bacterial cellulose comprising ribbon-shaped microfibrils having a thickness of 1 to 9 nm and a width of 50 to 70 nm.