Abstract: The present invention relates to triterpene glycoside saponin-derived adjuvants, syntheses thereof, intermediates thereto, and uses thereof. QS-7 is a potent immuno-adjuvant that is significantly less toxic than QS-21, a related saponin that is currently the favored adjuvant in anticancer and antiviral vaccines. Tedious isolation and purification protocols have hindered the clinical development of QS-7. A novel semi-synthetic method is provided wherein a hydrolyzed prosapogenin mixture is used to synthesize QS-7, QS-21, and related analogs, greatly facilitating access to QS-7 and QS-21 analogs for preclinical and clinical evaluation.

Abstract: A self-contained biological sterilization indicator comprises: a housing; bacterial spores comprising, and/or capable of producing, an enzyme capable of catalyzing cleavage of an enzyme substrate; and a frangible container containing a composition, wherein the composition comprises the enzyme substrate, wherein if the frangible container is broken the composition will contact the bacterial spores to form a mixture having an initial pH in the range from 6.0 to 9.0. The enzyme substrate comprises a fluorinated 4?-alkylumbelliferyl ?-D-glucopyranoside represented by the structural formula (I) wherein one of R1 and R2 is F and the other is H, and R3 is an alkyl group having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms. A biological sterilization indicator comprising a kit containing isolated components comprising (i) bacterial spores comprising, and/or capable of producing, an enzyme capable of catalyzing cleavage of the enzyme substrate and a method of assessing efficacy of a sterilization process are also disclosed.

Abstract: Methods of preparing steviol glycosides, including Rebaudioside D, Rebaudioside E, Rebaudioside M, Rebaudioside N and Rebaudioside O are provided herein. Sweetener and sweetened consumables containing Rebaudioside D, Rebaudioside E, Rebaudioside M, Rebaudioside N and Rebaudioside O are also provided herein.

Abstract: A Stevia extract made from leaves of the Stevia rebaudiana plant is described. The extract has desired levels of steviol glycosides and is useful in food, beverage, and other consumable products.

Abstract: A method for purifying rebaudioside M, which method comprises: (a) providing a solution comprising rebaudioside M at a concentration of at least about 10 g/L and at a purity of at least about 10% by weight on a dry basis; and (b) crystallizing from the solution a high purity composition comprising rebaudioside M, thereby to purify rebaudioside M.

Abstract: A new class of pseudo-trisaccharide aminoglycosides having an alkyl group at the 5? position, exhibiting efficient stop codon mutation readthrough activity, low cytotoxicity and high selectivity towards eukaryotic translation systems are provided. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions containing the same, and uses thereof in the treatment of genetic disorders, as well as processes of preparing these aminoglycosides. The disclosed aminoglycosides can be represented by the general formula I: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, cycloalkyl and aryl; and all other variables and features are as described in the specification.

Abstract: Provided herein are compounds having the structure of Formulas A-D and compositions thereof for use in the detection and quantification of viral neuraminidase. In particular, the compounds may be useful for the evaluation of viral strains and for vaccine evaluation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a vitamin E-based amphipathic compound, a method for producing same, and a method for extracting, solubilizing, stabilizing, or crystallizing a membrane protein using same. By using a compound according to the present invention, not only is an excellent membrane protein extraction and solubilization effect achieved, but the membrane protein can be stably stored for a long period of time in an aqueous solution, and thus the compound can be utilized in analyzing the function and structure of the membrane protein. Moreover, the vitamin E-based amphipathic compounds exhibited superb properties in the visualization of protein compounds through an electron microscope.

Abstract: A purified composition of steviol glycoside molecules is described. The composition imparts desirable taste, flavor and flavor modifying properties to food, beverages, and other consumable products.

Abstract: Provided a composition excellent in biological safety and capable of enhancing GLP-1 secretion-accelerating effect due to a sweetening agent. The content ratio of the cyclic dipeptide or a salt thereof and a sweetening agent in a composition is controlled to fall within a specified range. Owing to this, GLP-1 secretion-accelerating effect due to the sweetening agent is enhanced.

Abstract: A method for making a highly soluble steviol glycoside composition is described. The resulting composition readily provides aqueous solutions with at least 0.3% concentration.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a stevioside M crystal form, a preparation method therefor and a use thereof, and specifically, relates to a naturally extracted high-intensity sweetener, i.e., a stevioside M crystal form A, the preparation method therefor and the user thereof. By means of comprehensive characterization of the new crystal form, the new crystal form is found to have advantages such as a high degree of crystallinity, good stability, and low hygroscopicity, and is applicable to a more comprehensive field of application. The preparation method in the present invention is simple and easy to operate, has high selectivity and good reproducibility, and can stably obtain the target crystal form.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a method for removing geniposide or genipin or both from a material containing geniposide or genipin or both. The present invention is a method for removing geniposide or genipin or both from a material containing geniposide or genipin or both, the method comprising treating the material containing geniposide or genipin or both using an activated carbon having (a) a methylene blue adsorption ability of 50 ml/g or more; and (b) an iodine adsorption ability of 750 mg/g or more, thereby removing geniposide or genipin or both.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method to produce RD by using a cutinase to catalyze the esterification of RB under stepwise cooling temperatures, which is related to the field of biosynthesis of organic compounds. The method uses a cutinase from Thermobifida fusca to catalyze the esterification of RB and sophorose to produce RD. The stepwise cooling temperatures are used to reduce the heat inactivation of the enzyme as well as to improve the mass transfer. The method catalyzes the esterification of RB to produce RD in a solvent such as methanol, DMSO and DMF. The reaction is safe, efficient and highly selective. In addition, the method uses stepwise additions of substrate RB and cooling temperatures for the esterification reaction. In this way, it speeds up the initial reaction rate, increases the amount of solved RB as it is converted to RD, and improves the mass transfer to further increase the reaction speed.

Abstract: The invention describes stevia compositions that are devoid of or have minimal concentrations of rebaudioside C and/or dulcoside A to decrease the aftertaste associated with stevia compositions.

Abstract: The present document describes a synthesis of a class of gem-difluorinated C-glycoside compounds derived from podophyllotoxin, which may be used, but not exclusively, in oncology for the treatment of cancer. More particularly, the podophyllotoxin gem-difluorinated C-glycoconjugated derivatives display improved conformational and chemical stability, and improved cytotoxicity exhibited against drug-resistant cancer cell lines.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of selectively amplifying a detection target nucleic acid by inhibiting amplification of a detection non-target nucleic acid (e.g., wild-type gene) in a test sample by using, in a nucleic acid amplification reaction, an oligonucleotide analog containing one or more kinds of one or more unit structures of various nucleoside analogs represented by the following formula (I): wherein the symbols are as defined in the DESCRIPTION, and the like, or a salt thereof, as a clamp nucleic acid, and detecting the amplified nucleic acid.

Abstract: Disclosed is a continuous process for the purification of steviol glycosides extracted from the dried stevia leaves using continuous simulated moving bed processes and nanofiltration without the addition of organic solvents to obtain a purified steviol product comprising sweet steviol glycosides. The sweet steviol glycosides can be used as substitutes for caloric sweeteners in beverages and in other food items.

Abstract: Methods for recombinant production of steviol glycoside and compositions containing steviol glycosides are provided herein.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of triterpenoid derivatives for the preparation of a medicament for preventing or treating influenza diseases, in which the substituents are as defined in the specification. The triterpenoid derivatives of the present invention have obvious inhibition effect on influenza virus, and are capable of obviously preventing influenza virus from entering cells, and can be used for preventing or treating influenza.

Abstract: Disclosed are steviol glycosides referred to as rebaudioside V and rebaudioside W. Also disclosed are methods for producing rebaudioside M (Reb M), rebausoside G (Reb G), rebaudioside KA (Reb KA), rebaudioside V (Reb V) and rebaudioside (Reb W).

Abstract: The present disclosure describes methods of obtaining and/or deriving a sugar-enriched extract from plants of the Nicotiana species and methods for incorporation of such extracts into various tobacco compositions. One exemplary method for preparing a sugar-enriched extract comprises contacting Nicotiana plant material with a solvent and extracting sugars into the solvent to form a liquid sugar-containing extract; separating a solid extracted plant material from the liquid sugar-containing extract; clarifying the liquid sugar-containing extract to form a clarified sugar-containing extract and a solids fraction; and isolating the liquid sugar-containing extract to provide a sugar-enriched extract comprising a combined weight of fructose and glucose of at least about 10% by dry weight. In certain embodiments, the sugars of the extract comprise at least about 50% by weight fructose.

Abstract: This invention provides methods, processes, compounds and compositions for modulating the gene expression or secretion of adhesion proteins, angiopoietins or their receptors to cure diseases, for anti-angiogenesis and for treating parasites, wherein the adhesion proteins or receptors comprise fibronectin, integrins family, myosin, vitronectin, collagen, laminin, glycosylation cell surface proteins, polyglycans, cadherin, heparin, tenascin, CD 54, CAM, elastin and FAK; wherein the angiopoietins comprise angiopoietin 1, angiopoietin 2, angiopoietin 3, angiopoietin 4, angiopoietin 5, angiopoietin 6, angiopoietin 7, angiopoietin-like 1, angiopoietin-like 2, angiopoietin-like 3, angiopoietin-like 4, angiopoietin-like 5, angiopoietin-like 6, and angiopoietin-like 7; wherein the cancers comprise breast cancer, leukocyte cancer, liver cancer, ovarian cancer, bladder cancer, prostate cancer, skin cancer, bone cancer, brain cancer, leukemia cancer, lung cancer, colon cancer, CNS cancer, melanoma cancer, renal cancer, c

Abstract: Systems, kits, and methods for quantitation of metabolites of vitamin D by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The systems, kits, and methods described herein stabilize and/or promote the formation of the protonated molecular ion ([M+H]+) for the vitamin D metabolites in the ionization source (e.g., electrospray ionization (“ESI”)). Formation of the molecular ion does not involve loss of a water molecule from the parent molecule. Subsequent fragmentation of the [M+H]+ ion yields product ions that are specific to each molecular ion. The systems, kits, and methods described herein provide for no compromise in specificity and provide for a significant increase in sensitivity relative to previously described methods.

Abstract: Methods of preparing highly purified steviol glycosides, particularly Rebaudioside D, are described. The methods include purification from the extraction stage of the Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni plant, purification of steviol glycoside mixtures, Rebaudioside D and Rebaudioside A from a commercial Stevia extract, and purification of Rebaudioside D from remaining solutions obtained after isolation and purification of Rebaudioside A and a high purity mixture of steviol glycosides. The methods are useful for producing high purity Rebaudioside D, Rebaudioside A, and steviol glycoside mixtures. The high purity steviol glycosides are useful as non-caloric sweeteners in edible and chewable compositions such as any beverages, confectioneries, bakery products, cookies, and chewing gums.

Abstract: The method of extracting kaempferol-based antioxidants from Solenostemma arghel provides a method of producing medicinal antioxidants for usage as anti-inflammatory and analgesic treatments. The kaempferol-based antioxidants are primarily kaempferol-3, 4?-diglucoside and kaempferol 3-rutinoside. The method includes the following steps: collecting aerial parts of Solenostemma arghel; drying the aerial parts; powdering the aerial parts; extracting the powdered aerial parts in ethanol and filtering to produce a filtrate; concentrating the filtrate to form a concentrated residue; dissolving the concentrated residue in water; and extracting the kaempferol-based antioxidant from the dissolved residue in ethyl acetate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the process for producing compounds derived from the plant Pyrostegia venusta (P. venusta), pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same and its medical uses, especially as antimicrobial.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods to treat mixtures containing natural rebaudioside A (Reb A), rebaudioside B (Reb B), and rebaudioside D (Reb D), synthetic counterparts of these, and/or derivatives of the natural or synthetic embodiments obtain one or more of these glycosides in more pure form. In many embodiments, the invention can be used to process glycoside mixtures obtained at least in part from natural sources such as the Stevia plant. This allows, for instance, the recovery of a product including Reb A material in more pure form relative to Reb B material or Reb D material. As an alternative or in addition to recovery of the purified Reb A material, a product including Reb B material and/or Reb D material in more pure form relative to Reb A material can be obtained.

Abstract: The invention provides a process of producing Rubusoside from steviol glycosides of Stevia rebaudiana plant. The process is useful for producing high purity Rubusoside with purity greater than 95% (dry basis). High purity rubusoside is useful as in combination with other caloric and non-caloric sweeteners as well as non-caloric sweetener in various food and beverage compositions. The high purity rubusoside is useful as non-caloric sweetener in edible and chewable compositions such as any beverages, confectionaries, bakeries, cookies, chewing gums, and alike.

Abstract: Insecticidal compositions comprising: (a) a biodegradable carrier; (b) an ammonium compound; (c) a protein source comprising one or more proteins; (d) a sugar source comprising one or more monosaccharides; (e) one or more insecticides; and (f) water; are disclosed as well as uses thereof.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides tricyclic nucleosides, oligomeric compounds comprising at least one of the tricyclic nucleosides and methods of using the oligomeric compounds. The methods provided herein include contacting a cell or administering to an animal at least one of the oligomeric compounds. In certain embodiments, the oligomeric compounds hybridize to a portion of a target RNA resulting in loss of normal function of the target RNA.

Abstract: The present invention relates to triterpene glycoside saponin-derived adjuvants, syntheses thereof, intermediates thereto, and uses thereof. QS-7 is a potent immuno-adjuvant that is significantly less toxic than QS-21, a related saponin that is currently the favored adjuvant in anticancer and antiviral vaccines. Tedious isolation and purification protocols have hindered the clinical development of QS-7. A novel semi-synthetic method is provided wherein a hydrolyzed prosapogenin mixture is used to synthesize QS-7, QS-21, and related analogs, greatly facilitating access to QS-7 and QS-21 analogs for preclinical and clinical evaluation.

Abstract: Methods of preparing highly purified steviol glycosides, particularly Rebaudioside D, are described. The methods include purification from the extraction stage of the Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni plant, purification of steviol glycoside mixtures, Rebaudioside D and Rebaudioside A from a commercial Stevia extract, and purification of Rebaudioside D from remaining solutions obtained after isolation and purification of Rebaudioside A and a high purity mixture of steviol glycosides. The methods are useful for producing high purity Rebaudioside D, Rebaudioside A, and steviol glycoside mixtures. The high purity steviol glycosides are useful as non-caloric sweeteners in edible and chewable compositions such as any beverages, confectioneries, bakery products, cookies, and chewing gums.

Abstract: Low-copper click chemistry, 1.3-dipolar cycloadditions, and Staudinger ligations for modifying biomolecules is provided. Compositions, methods, and kits relating to low-copper click chemistry, 1.3-dipolar cycloadditions, and Staudinger ligations are also provided.

Abstract: The pharmaceutical composition of the present invention, which comprises spinosin or a spinosin-containing herbal extract, is a composition for preventing and treating cognitive function disorders, and can effectively improve memory and learning ability, and effectively treat and prevent cognitive function disorders such as dementia and amnesia.

Abstract: Embodiments of this invention encompass a method for producing and purifying rebaudioside C. In particular, this invention relates to a method for purifying rebaudioside C compositions to obtain a substantially pure rebaudioside C product using one or more crystallization steps. Resulting polymorphic forms of rebaudioside C, substantially pure rebaudioside C compositions and their uses are disclosed.

Abstract: The present disclosure encompasses QS-21-based structurally-defined adjuvants to address the need for stronger, safer, and easier-to-access adjuvants. The new compositions can provide tools for addressing long-standing mechanistic questions concerning saponin immune-potentiation through structure-activity-relationship (SAR) studies. Most advantageously, the compounds of the disclosure may be formulated into pharmaceutically acceptable compositions, including vaccines that may be delivered to a subject human or animal subject. The compounds can then act as, for example, an adjuvant to augment an immunological response to a vaccine immunogen.

Abstract: Provided are methods for the efficient stereoselective formation of glycosidic bonds, without recourse to prosthetic or directing groups.

Abstract: Methods of preparing highly purified steviol glycosides, particularly rebaudiosides A, D and X are described. The method includes expression of UDP-glucosyltransferases from Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, which are capable converting certain steviol glycosides to rebaudiosides A, D and X. The highly purified rebaudiosides A, D and X, are useful as non-caloric sweetener in edible and chewable compositions such as any beverages, confectioneries, bakery products, cookies, and chewing gums.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a recombinant microorganism comprising one or more nucleotide sequence(s) encoding: a polypeptide having ent-copalyl pyrophosphate synthase activity; a polypeptide having ent-Kaurene synthase activity; a polypeptide having ent-Kaurene oxidase activity; and a polypeptide having kaurenoic acid 13-hydroxylase activity, whereby expression of the nucleotide sequence(s) confer(s) on the microorganism the ability to produce at least steviol. The recombinant microorganism may also be capable of expressing one or more UDP-glucosyltransferases such that the microorganism is capable of producing one or more steviol glycosides.

Abstract: The present invention provides a water-soluble fluorescent compound of resveratrone 6-O-?-glucoside [(E)-4-(8-hydroxy-6-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)naphthalen-2-yl)but-3-en-2-one] and its derivatives of Formula 1 which have at least one water-soluble substituent, and a method for preparing the same by a photochemical reaction of resveratrol 3-O-?-glucoside and its derivatives of having Formula 3 which are not fluorescent. Said new water-soluble fluorescent compounds has single-photon absorptive characteristics and/or two-photon absorptive characteristics as well as no or little toxicity, and can be usefully utilized in fields that requires water-soluble fluorescent characteristics (diagnosis, fluorescent probe, in vivo imaging, display, etc.).

Abstract: Disclosed are methods and preparations useful for reducing fat at a targeted area(s) on a human. The preparations comprise as an active ingredient an adipolysis enhancing (i.e., fat-melting) amount of an active ingredient, paeoniflorin (PF). The preparations may be provided as an injectable preparation or as a topically applied preparation, such as in the form of a crème or lotion. In topical preparations, the active ingredient paeoniflorin may be contained within nanospheres, such as albumin nanospheres. The PF-containing preparations may also include a permeant, such as azone. The method may be accompanied by the application of ultrasound to the area being treated prior to, during or after, or prior to, during, and after application of the paeoniflorin preparation to an area of the body in which fat reduction is desired.

Abstract: Methods of preparing highly purified steviol glycosides, particularly rebaudiosides A, D and M are described. The methods include utilizing recombinant microorganisms for converting various staring compositions to target steviol glycosides. In addition, novel steviol glycosides reb D2 and reb M2 are disclosed, as are methods of preparing the same. The highly purified rebaudiosides are useful as non-caloric sweetener in edible and chewable compositions such as any beverages, confectioneries, bakery products, cookies, and chewing gums.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods for making deoxyribofuranose compounds such as compound (2) which are useful intermediates in the preparation of pharmaceutical compounds such as 5-amino-3-(2?-O-acetyl-3?-deoxy-?-D-ribofuranosyl)-3H-thiazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidin-2-one and the like.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure related to compounds and compositions derived from G. buchananii baker and methods thereof.

Abstract: A Maillard reaction inhibitor which effectively inhibits the progress of a Maillard reaction in a living body, can be safely applied without adverse side effects, can be manufactured without any complicated process, a skin anti-aging agent, an anti-diabetic complication agent and foods and beverages using the same. The Maillard reaction inhibitor contains 50 to 90% by mass of polyphenol as an active ingredient. The Maillard reaction inhibitor has a potent Maillard reaction inhibitory activity in a living body and allows for the prevention and improvement of the various dysfunction of protein in a living body. Due to this activity, the Maillard reaction inhibitor suppresses aging and can prevent and/or treat diabetic complications. Furthermore, when the above-described tannin is mixed in foods and beverages containing collagen, it is possible to suppress the Maillard reaction in the foods and beverages to suppress the deterioration of the foods and beverages.

Abstract: A new class of pseudo-trisaccharide aminoglycosides having an alkyl group at the 5? position, exhibiting efficient stop codon mutation readthrough activity, low cytotoxicity and high selectivity towards eukaryotic translation systems are provided. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions containing the same, and uses thereof in the treatment of genetic disorders, as well as processes of preparing these aminoglycosides. The disclosed aminoglycosides can be represented by the general formula I: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, cycloalkyl and aryl; and all other variables and features are as described in the specification.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a process for extracting materials from biological material, which process is characterized in that the naturally occurring biological material is treated with an extractant consisting of a deep eutectic solvent of natural origin or a an ionic liquid of natural origin to produce a biological extract of natural origin dissolved in the said solvent or ionic liquid.

Abstract: Methods for purifying steviol glycosides, including Rebaudioside X, are provided herein. Sweetener and sweetened containing Rebaudioside X are also provided herein. Methods of improving the flavor and/or temporal profile of sweetenable compositions, such as beverages, are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to triterpene glycoside saponin-derived adjuvants, syntheses thereof, intermediates thereto, and uses thereof. QS-7 is a potent immuno-adjuvant that is significantly less toxic than QS-21, a related saponin that is currently the favored adjuvant in anticancer and antiviral vaccines. Tedious isolation and purification protocols have hindered the clinical development of QS-7. A novel semi-synthetic method is provided wherein a hydrolyzed prosapogenin mixture is used to synthesize QS-7, QS-21, and related analogs, greatly facilitating access to QS-7 and QS-21 analogs for preclinical and clinical evaluation.