Abstract: The present invention relates to dehydrated dextrose monohydrate having a specific surface area of from 0.20 m2/g to 0.50 m2/g and is reducing the reaction time for preparing chemical compounds selected from the group consisting of alkyl glucoside, alkenyl glucoside, alkyl polyglucosides and alkenyl polyglucosides in a heterogeneous mixture with an alcohol. The present invention further discloses a process for preparing dehydrated dextrose monohydrate and a process for preparing chemical compounds selected from the group consisting of alkyl glucoside, alkenyl glucoside, alkyl polyglucosides and alkenyl polyglucosides by applying dehydrated dextrose monohydrate.

Abstract: A hair treatment composition containing: (a) an esterquat; (b) an alkyl and/or alkenyl oligoglycoside; (c) a partial glyceride; and (d) a fatty alcohol ethoxylate.

Abstract: A synthesis of [2.2.1]bicyclo nucleosides which is shorter and provides higher overall yields proceeds via the key intermediate of the general formula III, wherein R4 and R5 are, for instance, sulfonates and R7 is, for instance, a halogen or an acetate. From compounds of the general formula II, such as 3-O-aryl-4-C-hydroxymethyl-1,2-O-isopropylidene-&agr;-D-ribofuranose, intermediates of the general formula III are suitable for coupling with silylated nucleobases. Upon one-pot base-induced ring-closure and desulfonation of the formed [2.2.1]bicyclo nucleoside, a short route to each the LNA (Locked Nucleic Acid) derivatives of adenosine, cytosine, uridine, thymidine and guanidine is demonstrated. The use of the 5′-sulfonated ring-closed intermediate also allows for synthesis of 5′-amino- and thio-LNAs.

Abstract: A process is described for continuous production of anhydrosugar alcohol by continuous introducing of sugar alcohols and/or monoanhydrosugar alcohols into a reaction vessel and dehydration in the presence of an acid catalyst and solvent in which the resultant reaction product is soluble. Water and the solvent having the dissolved reaction product are each cointinuously removed from the reaction vessel. The reaction product is separated from the removed solvent and the product is optionally purified to a purity of 99.0% the solvent is recycled in the reaction vessel.

Abstract: The invention relates to a series of polyglycoside derivatives that contain water-soluble groups introduced into the molecule by reaction with the hydroxyl groups present in the starting polyglycoside molecule, with the chloro material. The preferred products have more than one water-soluble group per molecule and are made with mild reagents to avoid discoloration and mal odor. The most preferred products have between 2 and 3 functional groups per molecule.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a chemically modified mutant protein including a cysteine residue substituted for a residue other than cysteine n a precursor protein, the substituted cysteine residue being subsequently modified by reacting the cysteine residue with a glycosylated thiosulfonate. Also a method of producing the chemically modified mutant protein is provided. The present invention also relates to a glycosylated methanethiosulfonate. Another aspect of the present invention is a method of modifying the functional characteristics of a protein including providing a protein and reacting the protein with a glycosylated methanethiosulfonate reagent under conditions effective to produce a glycoprotein with altered functional characteristics as compared to the protein. In addition, the present invention relates to methods of determining the structure-function relationships of chemically modified mutant proteins.

Abstract: A &bgr;-D-glucofuranose compound which is 1,2,3,5,6-penta-O-propanoyl-&bgr;-D-glucofuranose, preferably in crystalline form, is prepared from D-glucose. The compound is prepared by reacting D-glucose with boric acid, or an equivalent thereof, followed by treatment with a propanoylating reagent, preferably propanoic anhydride. The compound is useful for the preparation of other compounds, such as glucofuranosides.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved process for the synthesis and application of sugar esters, that are useful as effective, environmentally-safe pesticides for the control of soft-bodied arthropod pests.

Abstract: Novel 17,20-dihydrofusidic acid derivatives are used in pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of infections, in particular in topical compositions for the treatment of skin or eye infections.

Abstract: The invention concerns a composition capable of being hydrolyzed by a cutaneous enzyme, glucocerebrosidase. The active precursor is advantageously a gluco-conjugate derived from phenol whereof the two &agr; carbons are free. The invention also concerns the use of such compositions against light-induced skin ageing or for making a medicine for treating certain skin diseases. The invention further concerns novel glucosylated compounds.

Abstract: Dispersions of pigment, such as calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide and types of clay, can be effectively stabilized by the use of carboxyl-containing fructan in an amount of 0.05-10% by weight, based on the dispersion, which fructan contains 0.5-3 carboxyl groups per mono-saccharide unit. The carboxyalkyl groups are in particular carboxymethyl groups, but the carboxyl groups can also be carboxyl groups obtained entirely or partially by oxidation. The carboxymethylfructan gives results which are comparable to or better than those obtained with the polyacrylates which are less desirable from the standpoint of health and environment.

Abstract: The present invention provides a polymer-linked composition having the structure: wherein RA and RB are each independently a linear or branched chain alkyl or an aryl group; wherein is a polymeric support; wherein L is a linker selected from the group consisting of a single bond; a saturated or unsaturated oligomethylene chain, etc., a 1,4-phenylene; or a 1,4-phenylenemethylene moiety, said moiety being optionally substituted by at least one linear or branched alkyl, alkoxy group etc.; and wherein RC is a linear or branched acyclic, cyclic or multicyclic moiety, said moiety being optionally unsaturated and/or substituted by at least one hydrogen, ORi, alkyl, etc.; wherein Ri is hydrogen, CHO, COORii, or a substituted or unsubstituted linear or branched chain alkyl, etc.; wherein if RC is cyclic, said moiety is optionally aromatic and/or heterocyclic; or if multicyclic, said moiety is optionally a fused multicyclic, fully or partially aromatic and/or heterocyclic.

Abstract: Processes for the preparation of 3′,4′-cyclic acetals of pentopyranosylnucleosides, in which the pentopyranosyl nucleoside is reacted with an aldehyde, ketone, acetal, or ketal under reduced pressure of less than about 500 mbar.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of perbenzylated 1-O-glycosides of general formula I or salts thereof in which sugar1 is a monosaccharide that is functionalized in 1-OH-position, R represents benzyl, n means 2, 3 or 4, means —O—, —S—, —COO— or —NH— and L means a straight-chain, branched, saturated or unsaturated C1-C30 carbon chain, which optionally is interrupted or substituted by groups. The process according to the invention starts from economical starting materials, provides good yields and allows the production of perbenzylated saccharides with 1-O-functionalized side chains on an enlarged scale.

Abstract: The reactivity of a number of p-methylphenyl thioglycoside (STol) donors which are either fully protected or have one hydroxyl group exposed has been quantitatively determined by HPLC in conjunction with the development of a broadly applicable approach for a facile one-pot synthesis of oligosaccharides. The influence on reactivity of the structural effects of different monosaccharide cores and different protecting groups on each glycoside donor is characterized and quantified. In addition, a correlation between glycosyl donor reactivity and the chemical shift of the anomeric proton by 1H NMR has been established. A database of thioglycosides as glycosyl donors has been created using this reactivity data. The utility is demonstrated by the easy and rapid one-pot assembly of various linear and branched oligosaccharide structures.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for preparing a malto-oligosaccharide derived glycoside. Generally, the method comprises providing a malto-oligosaccharide and glycosylating the malto-oligosaccharide with an alcohol or a thiol under conditions suitable to form a malto-oligosaccharide derived glycoside. Also disclosed is a method for preparing a mixture of malto-oligosaccharide derived glycosides by providing a mixture of malto-oligosaccharides and glycosylating the malto-oligosaccharides with an alcohol or a thiol under substantially anhydrous conditions to form a mixture of malto-oligosaccharide derived glycosides.

Abstract: Phosphite linked nucleotide sugars, e.g. nucleoside-monophosphite-glycosides, are synthesized using phosphoramiditing agents. The success of the synthetic method is largely independent of the choice of sugar and of nucleotide. The phosphite linked nucleotide sugars are shown to be useful, in the presence of an oxidizing agent, for the production of phosphate linked nucleotide sugars, e.g. nucleoside-monophosphate-glycosides.

Abstract: A process for preparing pale-colored and transparent alkyl glycosides by reacting glucose and high fatty alcohol in presence of an acid catalyst is disclosed. The process comprises the steps of admixing, reacting, neutralizing, distilling, diluting and bleaching. In the above process, the reaction step is controlled by a product color and an amount of unreacted glucose, the neutralizing step is controlled by alkali metal oxdie powders having a specific surface area of more than 30 m2/g and the product color, the distilling step is controlled an unreacted residual fatty alcohol, and the diluting step is controlled by refined ion water and sealed vessel without oxygen. Further, the process provides a method of recycling collected fatty alcohol without being refined.

Abstract: The present invention relates to dehydrated dextrose monohydrate having a specific surface area of from 0.20 m2/g to 0.50 m2/g and is reducing the reaction time for preparing chemical compounds selected from the group consisting of alkyl glucoside, alkenyl glucoside, alkyl polyglucosides and alkenyl polyglucosides in a heterogeneous mixture with an alcohol. The present invention further discloses a process for preparing dehydrated dextrose monohydrate and a process for preparing chemical compounds selected from the group consisting of alkyl glucoside, alkenyl glucoside, alkyl polyglucosides and alkenyl polyglucosides by applying dehydrated dextrose monohydrate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel stable <<water-in-oil>> emulsions containing 5 to 70% by weight of an aqueous phase 20 to 90% by weight of a fatty phase; and 3 to 25% by weight of an emulsifier comprising 10 to 90% by weight, preferably 10 to 50% by weight and more preferably 10 to 40% by weight of a mixture in any proportion of an oleyl glycoside having a degree of polymerisation of between 1 and 3 and an isostearyl glycoside having a degree of polymerisation of between 1 and 3; and 90 to 10% by weight, preferably 90 to 50% by weight, and more preferably 90 to 60% by weight of a mixture in any proportion of oleyl alcohol and isostearyl alcohol and optionally 0 to 10% by weight of a co-emulsifier; 0 to 10% by weight of a stabiliser. Application: Cosmetic industry.

Abstract: Synthetic methods for convenient large scale preparation of D-erythro sphingosines and ceramides of high isomeric purity are described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of a composition comprising: 10 to 90% by weight, preferably 10 to 50% by weight and particularly preferably 10 to 40% by weight of an isostearyl glycoside with a degree of polymerization of between 1 and 3; and 90 to 10% by weight, preferably 90 to 50% by weight and particularly preferably 90 to 60% by weight of isostearyl alcohol as an agent for improving the water resistance of a cosmetic composition.

Abstract: The invention provides methods and compositions useful for making synthetic peptide conjugates. In one embodiment, the invention provides compositions comprising the structure: wherein R is selected from lower substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, O, NH and S and P is an amine protection group. In more particular embodiments, the compositions comprise &agr;-amine protected 4,5-dehydroleucine or &agr;-amine protected (2S)-aminolevulinic acid and/or P is F-moc. These compounds may be incorporated into peptides, for example, peptides comprising a substituted or unsubstituted (2S)-aminolevulinic acid residue, such as (2S)-aminolevulinic acid residue is substituted with an O- or N-linked glycoconjugate, or a detectable label.

Abstract: Methods for making the functionalized glycoconjugates include (a) contacting a cell with a first monosaccharide, and (b) incubating the cell under conditions whereby the cell (i) internalizes the first monosaccharide, (ii) biochemically processes the first monosaccharide into a second saccharide, (iii) conjugates the saccharide to a carrier to form a glycoconjugate, and (iv) extracellularly expresses the glycoconjugate to form an extracellular glycoconjugate comprising a selectively reactive functional group. Methods for forming products at a cell further comprise contacting the functional group of the extracellularly expressed glycoconjugate with an agent which selectively reacts with the functional group to form a product. Subject compositions include cyto-compatible monosaccharides comprising a nitrogen or ether linked functional group selectively reactive at a cell surface and compositions and cells comprising such saccharides.

Abstract: Emulsifiers based on the reaction product of hydrocolloid and dicarboxylic anhydrides, especially useful in the preparation of oil-in-water emulsions.

Abstract: The invention relates to sophoroselipids of formula (I) wherein R4 represents H, —CH2CH3, —CH2CH2CH3, n is an integer number from 2 to 27, R1 and R2 represent, independently from each other, H or a group of formula (II), and R3 represents H or —OH. The invention also relates to a method for producing sophoroselipids of formula (I) wherein R1, R2, R3 and n have the aforementioned meanings and R4 represents —CH3, —CH2CH3 or —CH2CH2CH3. According to this method, a yeast capable of secreting a sophoroselipid in the form of a lactone in the culture excess, is fermented in a culture medium containing a glycerin. a succinate, a mono-, di- and/or tri-saccharide and a lipid precursor, said sophoroslipid being then isolated from the culture solution. The inventive method is characterised in that the lipid precursor contains one or more 3-alkanols, 4-alkanols or an alkanone with a chain length from 6 to 30 carbon atoms or mixtures of said alkanoistalkanone.

Abstract: Process for preparing a solubilization adjuvant, which comprises placing fusel oils in contact with one or more reducing sugars in the presence of an acid catalyst, at a temperature of between 50° C. and 130° C. and while removing the water from the reaction medium until a solution of alkyl glycosides is obtained, and separating the glycosides from this solution.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel synthetic processes for the preparation of the trisaccharide &agr;Gal(1→3)&bgr;Gal(1→4)Glc-OR compounds.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for preparing a malto-oligosaccharide derived glycoside. Generally, the method comprises providing a malto-oligosaccharide and glycosylating the malto-oligosaccharide with an alcohol or a thiol under conditions suitable to form a malto-oligosaccharide derived glycoside. Also disclosed is a method for preparing a mixture of malto-oligosaccharide derived glycosides by providing a mixture of malto-oligosaccharides and glycosylating the malto-oligosaccharides with an alcohol or a thiol under substantially anhydrous conditions to form a mixture of malto-oligosaccharide derived glycosides.

Abstract: Aureobacterium barkerei strain KDO-37-2 (ATCC 49977) and KDO aldolase (EC 4.1.2.23) isolated therefrom are disclosed. The KDO aldolase is further disclosed to have a broad substrate specificity with respect to its reverse reaction, i.e. the condensation of aldoses with pyruvate to form a wide range of 2-keto-3-deoxy-onic acids, including 2-keto-3-deoxy-nonulosonic acid, 2-keto-3-deoxy-octulosonic acid, 2-keto-3-deoxy-heptulosonic acid, and 2-keto-3-deoxy-hexulosonic acid. In particular, 3-deoxy-D-manno-2-octulosonic acid (D-KDO), a vital component of lipopolysaccharides found in the bacterial outer membrane may be synthesized from D-arabinose and pyruvate in 67% yield. Additionally, protected forms of the KDO aldolase products, e.g. hexaacetyl 2-keto-3-deoxy-nonulosonic acid and pentaacetyl 2-keto-3-deoxy-octulosonic acid, may be decarboxylated to form the corresponding 2-deoxy-aldoses, e.g. 2-deoxy-octulose and 2-deoxy-heptulose respectively.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an improved process for the N-acylation of amino alcohols employing an organic acid in the form of an acid halogenide, wherein the acylation occurs in an organic solvent in the additional presence of water.

Abstract: The present invention provides improved method of preparing a 4-O-alkyl chromogenic ketoside of N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) and a 7-O-alkyl chromogenic ketoside of N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) for use in the selective detection of various influenza viruses and parainfluenza viruses. The ketosides are substrates that are selectively cleaved by a neuraminidase on the virus to be detected, but not by neuraminidases found on other viruses or on bacteria, or on the cells of the host. The syntheses are efficient and provide large quantities of the ketosides for commercial development. The synthesis includes a step of alkylating the 4- or 7-hydroxyl groups of a protected alkyl ester alkyl ketoside derivative of Neu5Ac by processes that include contacting the derivative with a composition comprising an alkyl halide to form a 4- or a 7-O-alkyl protected alkyl ester alkyl ketoside derivative of Neu5Ac.

Abstract: The use of carbohydrate derivatives in or for making a topical composition for promoting skin exfoliation is disclosed. The use of said composition of controlling intrinsic and extrinsic skin ageing, as well as a non-therapeutic skin treatment method for skin exfoliation, are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for forming a glycosidic linkage by: (a) contacting a glycoside bearing an anomeric sulfoxide group with a compound bearing a free hydroxyl group in the presence of an organic acid anhydride and a scavenger of sulfenyl esters; and (b) allowing a glycosylation reaction to proceed under conditions effective to produce the glycosidic linkage. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the glycoside bearing an anomeric sulfoxide group is added to a mixture of the other reactants. In another preferred embodiment of the invention, a Lewis acid is also present in the reaction mixture. This invention is further directed to a method for forming a glycosidic linkage by: (a) forming a solution comprising: a compound bearing a free hydroxyl group, and an organic acid anhydride; (b) adding to the solution a glycoside bearing an anomeric sulfoxide group; and (c) allowing a glycosylation reaction to proceed under conditions effective to produce the glycosidic linkage.

Abstract: A synthetic method for the preparation of the anti-tumor drug Etoposide. In one embodiment, the method includes the direct condensation of 4′-demethyl-epipodophylloxin with 2,3-di-O-dichloroacetyl-(4,6-O-ethylidene)-&bgr;-D-glucopyranose in the presence of trimethylsilyl trifluoromethane sulfonate (TMSOTf) to yield 4′-demethylepipodophyllotoxin-4-(2,3-di-O-dichloroacetyl-4,6-O-ethylidene)-&bgr;-D-glucopyranoside, followed by conversion of the same to etoposide. Other methods include use of different Lewis acids as catalyst, as well as different substituted glucopyranosides. This method provides enhanced yields over existing synthetic techniques, reduced reaction times and permits more favorable isolation reaction procedures.

Abstract: A continuous process for the formation of sucrose based polyols is disclosed. The process comprises the steps of continuously forming an aqueous sucrose solution which is continuously combined with a catalyst and an alkylene oxide and flowed through a first spiral reaction tube. The alkylene oxide substantially completely reacting with the aqueous sucrose solution occurs to form a pre-polymer reaction product in the first spiral reaction tube. The pre-polymer reaction product is continuously flowed from the first reaction tube and unreacted water from the pre-polymer reaction product is removed. The water stripped pre-polymer reaction product is continuously flowed through a second spiral reaction tube and additional alkylene oxide is continuously added to the second spiral reaction tube. The alkylene oxide reacts with the pre-polymer reaction product in the second spiral reaction tube to form a polyol.

Abstract: There are disclosed a compound represented by the following general formula I wherein R represents a cyclic hydrocarbon group, and n represents 0 (zero) or an integer not less than 1, as well as &bgr;-glucosidase inhibitor, aromatic substance formation inhibitor, plant life lengthening agent, each of which contains at least one of compound represented by the aforementioned general formula I as an active ingredient, and plant or a part thereof in which formation of aromatic substance is inhibited by the aforementioned aromatic substance formation inhibitor. The present invention provides a novel compound that has &bgr;-glucosidase inhibition activity and can easily be produced in an industrial process, as well as a &bgr;-glucosidase inhibitor and aromatic substance formation inhibitor each containing such a novel compound as an active ingredient, and plant or part thereof in which the formation of aromatic substances is inhibited by the aforementioned aromatic substance formation inhibitor.

Abstract: In a process for the preparation of pentaacetyl-&bgr;-D-glucopyranose by reacting D-glucose with acetic anhydride in the presence of sodium acetate catalyst, the improvement is provided wherein 5-10 mols of acetic anhydride are used per mol of D-glucose and the reaction is performed in an organic solvent. Pentaacetyl-&bgr;-D-glucopyranose is useful as intermediates for the synthesis of raw materials for industrial chemicals, medicines, cosmetics and the like.

Abstract: A process for making alkyl and/or alkenyl oligoglycosides involving: (a) providing a glucose syrup; (b) providing a fatty alcohol; (c) combining the glucose syrup with the fatty alcohol in order to form a glucose syrup/fatty alcohol suspension; (d) providing an acidic cataylst; (e) adding the acidic catalyst to the glucose syrup/fatty alcohol suspension; and (f) acetalizing the glucose syrup/fatty alcohol suspension containing the acidic catalyst to form the alkyl and/or alkenyl oligoglycosides.

Abstract: Multifunctional liquid phase carriers (LPCs) and methods of using LPCs for the preparation of biopolymers are provided. The LPCs are highly symmetrical compounds that possess more than two points of attachment for biopolymer synthesis. The LPCs have the formula Sp(X1)n, where Sp is a highly symmetrical moiety such that all X1 groups are equivalent. X1 is a functional group that is suitable for biopolymer synthesis, including OH, SH, NH2, COOH and the like. Biopolymers that may be produced using the methods provided include oligonucleotides, peptides, protein nucleic acids (PNAs) and oligosaccharides. Analogs of the biopolymers may also be prepared using the methods.

Abstract: There are disclosed a compound represented by the following general formula I wherein R represents a cyclic hydrocarbon group, and n represents 0 (zero) or an integer not less than 1, as well as &bgr;-glucosidase inhibitor, aromatic substance formation inhibitor, plant life lengthening agent, each of which contains at least one of compound represented by the aforementioned general formula I as an active ingredient, and plant or a part thereof in which formation of aromatic substance is inhibited by the aforementioned aromatic substance formation inhibitor. The present invention provides a novel compound that has &bgr;-glucosidase inhibition activity and can easily be produced in an industrial process, as well as a &bgr;-glucosidase inhibitor and aromatic substance formation inhibitor each containing such a novel compound as an active ingredient, and plant or part thereof in which the formation of aromatic substances is inhibited by the aforementioned aromatic substance formation inhibitor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of perbenzylated 1-O-glycosides of general formula I or salts thereof 1

Abstract: The invention is related to a preparation method of arbutin intermediate (chemical formula I). It is characterized by the glycosylation of hydroquinone or mono-protectected hydroquinone (chemical formula II) with pentaacetyl-&bgr;-D-glucose (chemical formula III) in the presence of Lewis acid and base as catalysts.

Abstract: One aspect of the present invention relates to differentially protected glycosyl phosphates. Another aspect of the present invention relates to the preparation of glycosyl phosphates from glycal precursors. In another aspect of the present invention, glycosyl phosphates are used as glycosyl donors in glycosylation reactions.

Abstract: The present invention is an enzyme-decomposable polymer compound having recyclable decomposition products. The polymeric compound is a glycopolymer of a saccharide having only glucopyranose rings and a second component. In addition, the glycopolymer may contain molecular chains having at least one type of repeating unit, which chains are crosslinked by a saccharide having only glucopyranose rings.

Abstract: This invention relates to compositions, paper, thermoplastic sheets, and medical paper containing cellulose ester, alkylpolyglycoside (APG) or a mixture of APG and polyether glycol, and, optionally, cellulose. The process of incorporating APG or a mixture of APG and polyether glycol in paper composed of cellulose ester fibers and cellulose fibers and to calendaring of such paper is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to derivatives of phosphorylated carbohydrates and pharmaceutical compositions comprising as a pharmaceutically active ingredient at least one of these compounds.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of synthesizing an allyl pentasaccharide having the structure: as well as related oligosaccharide ceramides and other glycoconjugates useful as vaccines for inducing antibodies to epithelial cancer cells in an adjuvant therapy therefor, and in a method for preventing recurrence of epithelial cancer.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for the preparation of long-chain alkyl glycosides, comprising reacting at least one substrate selected from a group consisting a carbohydrates and carbohydrates sources and at least one fatty alkanol of at least eight carbon atoms in a medium consisting of at least one glycosidase enzyme having a temperature optimum greater than 60° C. and having thermal stability half-life of greater than 24 hours at 80° C.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel family of compositions based on alkylpolyglycosides and fatty diols, which are especially useful for the preparation of emulsions which are stable and which possess a good opaque-making effect. According to the invention, these compositions comprise: 5 to 95 parts by weight of a mixture of alkylpolyglycosides which is constituted of the products of a reaction of a saccharide and 1,12-octadecanediol; 95 to 5 parts by weight of 1,12-octadecanediol.